Taking Gender Difference Seriously in Mouse Models of ......of gender differences in studying...
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International Journal of Animal Science Gr up SM How to cite this article Lu C, Li YY, Lin HZ and Zhang YF. Taking Gender Difference Seriously in Mouse Models of Depression. Int J Anim Sci. 2017; 1(1): 1003. OPEN ACCESS ISSN: 2575-7806 Introduction Depression as one of the most prevalent and life-threatening forms of mental illness affects more than 1/5 of the world’s population [1]. A great number of mouse models emerging aim to decipher the mechanism underlying depression [1,2]. For rodent models with depressive-like behaviors, some researchers preferred male animals to female ones [3-7] while the others used both male and female animals during their studies [2,8-10], which makes it controversial in recruitment of animals when performing depression-related studies. e possible disadvantage of the former studies only focusing on male animals is the omission of some potentially important and interesting phenomena that exhibited only by female animals, and the likely flaw of the latter studies may be the double of samples size resulting from the involvement of both male and female subjects during the experiment. Several lines of evidence have confirmed the sexual dimorphic variances in depression-like behaviors/depression in both animal models [9-12] and human beings [13-17]. Our previous work indicated that mouse model with depression-like behaviors induced by light deprivation showed sex difference in both neural excitability and behaviors [9]. e female mice exhibited decreased neural excitability of motor cortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons (L5PCs) and lower active behaviors in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test, suggesting a possible causal relationship between the decreased excitability of L5PCs and the lower activities in female mice with depression-like behaviors. Moreover, a recent study demonstrated that female rats were susceptible to depressive- like phenotypes when facing acute and repeated stress relative to males [10]. In human beings, women are much easier to suffer from depression than men [18] and sex differences also exist in antidepressant treatment responses [13,17]. Recently, one new epidemiological research on adolescents showed sex differences in depression incidence by age, and the incidence proportion was higher in female subjects than in males at all ages tested [19]. All these evidence highlights the popularity of sex differences in depression-like behaviors/depression in both animal models and humans. Also, it underscores the necessity and importance of taking both male and female subjects into consideration when performing studies pertaining to depression. e advantage of sex-based considerations during the experimental design and research concerning depression is that researchers could explore interactions between ‘sex’ and other independent variables, for example, the temperature and light intensity. Balancing sex in animal studies related to depression could reduce the bias and improve the accuracy of the conclusion, which, in the end, will provide much more valuable information to clinical studies. Nowadays, the new policy of National Institutes of Health (NIH) of United States of America has considered the sex as a biological variable factor, and encourages scientific researchers to perform studies involving both male and female vertebrate animals and humans [20], which will certainly empower our understanding of depression and other diseases in both men and women. Collectively, consideration of gender differences in studying depression should be taken more seriously and carefully, and unraveling the underpinnings of sex differences in depression/depression-like behaviors will definitely shed light on mechanisms of depression and optimize therapeutic approaches in both sexes. Acknowledgements is study was supported by the grants from the Wenzhou Science and Technology Plans (No.Y20140139), the Foundation of School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, e Eye Hospital, Short Communication Taking Gender Difference Seriously in Mouse Models of Depression Chanyi Lu 1,2,5# , Yao-Yao Li 1,2# , Hua-Zhen Lin 3,4# and Yun-Feng Zhang 1,2,6 * 1 Department of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, China 2 Ministry of Health P. R. China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, P. R. China 3 Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China 4 Department of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, China 5 University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, USA 6 Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, USA # Authors contributed equally Article Information Received date: Jul 27, 2017 Accepted date: Jul 31, 2017 Published date: Aug 02, 2017 *Corresponding author Yun-Feng Zhang, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, USA; Tel: (215) 746-2791; Fax: 215-573-9050; Email(s): [email protected], [email protected] Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0
Transcript of Taking Gender Difference Seriously in Mouse Models of ......of gender differences in studying...
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International Journal of Animal Science
Gr upSM
How to cite this article Lu C, Li YY, Lin HZ and Zhang YF. Taking Gender Difference Seriously in Mouse Models of Depression. Int J Anim Sci. 2017; 1(1): 1003.
OPEN ACCESS
ISSN: 2575-7806
IntroductionDepression as one of the most prevalent and life-threatening forms of mental illness affects
more than 1/5 of the world’s population [1]. A great number of mouse models emerging aim to decipher the mechanism underlying depression [1,2]. For rodent models with depressive-like behaviors, some researchers preferred male animals to female ones [3-7] while the others used both male and female animals during their studies [2,8-10], which makes it controversial in recruitment of animals when performing depression-related studies. The possible disadvantage of the former studies only focusing on male animals is the omission of some potentially important and interesting phenomena that exhibited only by female animals, and the likely flaw of the latter studies may be the double of samples size resulting from the involvement of both male and female subjects during the experiment.
Several lines of evidence have confirmed the sexual dimorphic variances in depression-like behaviors/depression in both animal models [9-12] and human beings [13-17]. Our previous work indicated that mouse model with depression-like behaviors induced by light deprivation showed sex difference in both neural excitability and behaviors [9]. The female mice exhibited decreased neural excitability of motor cortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons (L5PCs) and lower active behaviors in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test, suggesting a possible causal relationship between the decreased excitability of L5PCs and the lower activities in female mice with depression-like behaviors. Moreover, a recent study demonstrated that female rats were susceptible to depressive-like phenotypes when facing acute and repeated stress relative to males [10]. In human beings, women are much easier to suffer from depression than men [18] and sex differences also exist in antidepressant treatment responses [13,17]. Recently, one new epidemiological research on adolescents showed sex differences in depression incidence by age, and the incidence proportion was higher in female subjects than in males at all ages tested [19]. All these evidence highlights the popularity of sex differences in depression-like behaviors/depression in both animal models and humans. Also, it underscores the necessity and importance of taking both male and female subjects into consideration when performing studies pertaining to depression.
The advantage of sex-based considerations during the experimental design and research concerning depression is that researchers could explore interactions between ‘sex’ and other independent variables, for example, the temperature and light intensity. Balancing sex in animal studies related to depression could reduce the bias and improve the accuracy of the conclusion, which, in the end, will provide much more valuable information to clinical studies. Nowadays, the new policy of National Institutes of Health (NIH) of United States of America has considered the sex as a biological variable factor, and encourages scientific researchers to perform studies involving both male and female vertebrate animals and humans [20], which will certainly empower our understanding of depression and other diseases in both men and women. Collectively, consideration of gender differences in studying depression should be taken more seriously and carefully, and unraveling the underpinnings of sex differences in depression/depression-like behaviors will definitely shed light on mechanisms of depression and optimize therapeutic approaches in both sexes.
AcknowledgementsThis study was supported by the grants from the Wenzhou Science and Technology Plans
(No.Y20140139), the Foundation of School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, The Eye Hospital,
Short Communication
Taking Gender Difference Seriously in Mouse Models of DepressionChanyi Lu1,2,5#, Yao-Yao Li1,2#, Hua-Zhen Lin3,4# and Yun-Feng Zhang1,2,6*1Department of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, China2Ministry of Health P. R. China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, P. R. China3Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China4Department of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, China5University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, USA6Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, USA#Authors contributed equally
Article Information
Received date: Jul 27, 2017 Accepted date: Jul 31, 2017 Published date: Aug 02, 2017
*Corresponding author
Yun-Feng Zhang, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, USA; Tel: (215) 746-2791; Fax: 215-573-9050; Email(s): [email protected], [email protected]
Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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Citation: Lu C, Li YY, Lin HZ and Zhang YF. Taking Gender Difference Seriously in Mouse Models of Depression. Int J Anim Sci. 2017; 1(1): 1003.
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Gr upSM Copyright Zhang YF
Wenzhou Medical University (YNCX201311), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China (No. LQ14H120003) and the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (No. 81301117).
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TitleIntroductionAcknowledgementsReferences
