PowerPoint Presentation

Lessons from ICRISAT Village-Level Studies for Livelihoods

R PadmajaSociologist, ICRISATTaking A Systems Approach

1Slater, 2008

The sustainable Livelihoods FrameworkSLF- identifies peoples strengths rather than their needs people are actors who have assets, capabilities and use them to pursue their own livelihood goals2A sustainable livelihoods framework for SAT agriculture

Source: Rao et.al, 2005ICRISAT Village-level Studies

KanzaraAurepalleSource: ICRISAT-VDSA Project, 2011Dokur

4Cropping patterns changed substantially

5Changes in Cropping Pattern - Aurepalle From castor and cereals to cotton

Source: Bantilan and Deb, 2011Changes in Cropping Pattern - Dokur Paddy major crop, castor and pulses new cropsSorghum declined

Source: Bantilan and Deb, 2011Changes in Cropping Pattern - Kanzara Sorghum declined, groundnut not grown anymoreCotton dominated until 2006, Soybean replaced cotton

Source: Bantilan and Deb, 2011Sources of IncomeSources of per capita Real Income (Rs 2009/10 equivalent): 1975 -2010Dokur (1975-1984) Dokur (2001-2010)

Kanzara (1975-1984) Kanzara (2001-2010) Source: Bantilan and Deb, 2011

10ImplicationsAccess to irrigation investments in borewells (Aurepalle) Diversification in agriculture

Crop productivity has increased with the adoption of improved technologies

Diversification of income sources and cropping pattern.

Time allocation patterns of women and men have changed - Source: Alison, 2011

12Rise in income inequality13Inequality in IncomeTrends in per capita Income (Rs. 2009-10 equivalents) and inequality in income: 1975 -2010Dokur (1975-2010) Aurepalle (1975-2010)

Kinkheda (1975-2010) Kanzara (1975-2010) Kalman(1975-2010) Shirapur (1975-2010)

Trends in asset ownership by farmsize, 2009-10 Rs equivalent: 1975-2009-10Source: Padmaja, 2012Severity of Poverty Severity of poverty decreased substantially in early 2000s than in 1975-1984

Severity of poverty increased in Dokur, Shirapur and Kinkheda in recent yearsTrends in severity in poverty (Squared Poverty Gap): 1975 -2010

Importance of formal and informal social networks17

Total number of ties by households, by transaction type, DokurSource: Padmaja, 2012The focal points in this process are the early adopters and innovators, neighbouring farmers and input dealers Location, knowledge and information - key for decision making- Kanzara

Source: Padmaja, 201119Sources of information by gender, Aurepalle

Source: Padmaja, 201120Drivers of Change access to irrigation facilitiesadoption of modern technologybetter road connectivity and market linkageseducated workforce diversity in economic activities and livelihood opportunitiesDrivers of Change Main engine for development in different villagesAurepalle: diversification of ag. and growth of non-farm activityDokur: migration income Kanzara: intensification of agriculture and technology adoptionKinkheda: increase in farm productivity Shirapur: diversification of crop production and economic activities (including industries) Kalman: diversification of farm and non-farm activities Amongst these villages, development in Kinkheda was relatively less due to lack of social capital and collective action.

Thank you !

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