• Take these simple sentences and combine them into two or less sentences…– Catch-22 is widely regarded as Joseph Heller's best novel.– Heller served in World War II. – The novel satirizes World War II.– The zany but savage wit of the novel packs an extra

punch since he served in World War II.

• Catch-22 is widely regarded as Joseph Heller's best novel, and because Heller served in World War II, which the novel satirizes, the zany but savage wit of the novel packs an extra punch.

Sentence VarietySentence VarietyPre-Assessment

• Independent clauses express a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence.– Genes contain the code for your physical

appearance.

• Dependent clauses contain a subject and verb but do not express a complete thought. The can NOT stand alone.– because inherited traits often skip a generation

Sentence VarietySentence VarietyClauses

• Simple Sentences– one independent clause and no dependent clauses

• Compound Sentences– multiple independent clauses and no dependent clauses– Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction or a

semicolon to join two independent clauses together.

Coordinating Conjunctions:F.A.N.B.O.Y.S.

Sentence VarietySentence VarietySentence Types

• Complex Sentences – one independent clause and at least one dependent clause

Though some thought The Catcher in the Rye should be banned from schools, it still became one of the most widely taught novels across the country.

• Compound-Complex Sentences– multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent

clauseThough some thought The Catcher in the Rye should be banned from schools, it still became one of the most widely taught novels across the country, and many who read it today find nothing objectionable about it.

Sentence VarietySentence VarietySentence Types

SENTENCE VARIETYReview

Clauses (independent vs. dependent)

Sentence types: Simple [ex.] Compound [ex.] Complex [ex.] Compound-Complex [ex.]

Joining simple sentences

SENTENCE VARIETYConjunctive Adverbs

A semicolon, a conjunctive adverb, and a comma can be used to combine two independent clauses.

Conjunctive adverbs include: accordingly, furthermore, moreover, similarly, also, hence, namely, still, anyway, however, nevertheless, then, besides, incidentally, next, thereafter, certainly, indeed, nonetheless, therefore, consequently, instead, now, thus, finally, likewise, otherwise, undoubtedly, further, meanwhile

EXAMPLES: The check was for more than the balance;

consequently, it bounced. These things really happened; otherwise, I

wouldn't have claimed to have seen them. I wanted to go; however, I was too busy.

Write three sentence that use a semicolon, conjunctive adverb,

and a comma to join two independent clauses.

SENTENCE VARIETYConjunctive Adverbs

Conjunctive adverbs include: accordingly, furthermore, moreover, similarly, also, hence, namely, still, anyway, however, nevertheless, then, besides, incidentally, next, thereafter, certainly, indeed, nonetheless, therefore, consequently, instead, now, thus, finally, likewise, otherwise, undoubtedly, further, meanwhile

Sentence types

Joining simple sentences

Come up with a sentence using each of the following conjunctive adverbs (; conj adv ,)however besidesthereforeinstead

Sentence VarietyReview

Sentence VarietyEmbedding Using Relative Pronouns

Embed one sentence inside the other using a clause starting with one of the relative pronouns listed below. which, who/whom, whoever/whomever, that, whose

Example: Indiana used to be mainly an agricultural state. It has recently attracted more industry.

Revision: Indiana, which used to be mainly an agricultural state, has recently attracted more industry.

Example: The experiment failed because of Murphy's Law. This law states that if something can go wrong, it will.

Revision: The experiment failed because of Murphy's Law, which states that if something can go wrong, it will.

1. The science fair lasted all day, and it ended with an awards ceremony.

2. The movie turned out to be a blockbuster hit. This came as a surprise to critics.

3. Dominos has stupid commercials. A Dominos just opened down the street.

4. Pencey Prep kicked Holden Caulfield out of school. The headmaster is a phony.

5. Another occasion where Holden uses the term phony is when he talks about Ossenburger. Ossenburger was the person his dorm was named after.

Sentence VarietyEmbedding Using Relative Pronouns

Sentence VarietyReview

Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction to turn two simple sentences into one compound.

Coordinating Conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or yet, so

You may not enjoy this sentence variety stuff, but it will help you become better writers.

You must include a variety of sentence structures in your writing, or you’ll sound like Ug the Caveman.

Sentence VarietyReview

Conjunctive adverbs: accordingly, furthermore, moreover, similarly, also, hence, namely, still, anyway, however, nevertheless, then, besides, incidentally, next, thereafter, certainly, indeed, nonetheless, therefore, consequently, instead, now, thus, finally, likewise, otherwise, undoubtedly, further, meanwhile

You may not enjoy this sentence variety stuff; however, it will help you become better writers.

You must include a variety of sentence structures in your writing; otherwise, you’ll sound like Ug the Caveman.

Sentence VarietyReview

Relative Pronouns: which, who, whoever, that, whose

Holden Caulfield, whose parents have no idea he has been kicked out of school, is leaving Pencey Prep for good.

The holiday break, which isn’t supposed to begin until Wednesday, is starting immediately for Holden.

Sentence VarietyUsing Prepositional Phrases

Turn a sentence into a prepositional phrase using one of the words below: about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, as,

behind, below, beneath, beside, between, by, despite, down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, near, next to, of, off, on, out, over, past, to, under, until, up, with

Example: The university has been facing pressure to cut its budget. It has eliminated funding for important programs.

Revision: Under pressure to cut its budget, the university has eliminated funding for important programs.

Example: Mr. Novak continues to teach his students about how to add sentence variety to their writing. This is against their wishes.

Revision: Against his students’ wishes, Mr. Novak continues to teach them about how to add sentence variety to their writing.

1. Jared passed out. He was near dehydration.

2. Come see me. See me after you eat lunch.3. I worked a lot. It was the holiday season.4. Write a sentence beginning with a

prepositional phrase using “below.”5. Write a sentence beginning with a

prepositional phrase using “except.”

Sentence VarietyUsing Prepositional Phrases

Sentence VarietyReview

Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction to turn two simple sentences into one compound.

Coordinating Conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or yet, so

You may not enjoy this sentence variety stuff, but it will help you become better writers.

You must include a variety of sentence structures in your writing, or you’ll sound like Ug the Caveman.

Sentence VarietyReview

You can turn a simple sentence into a dependent clause and then combine it with the other simple sentence.

Though you may not enjoy this sentence variety stuff, it will help you become better writers.

Since you don’t want to sound like Ug the Caveman, you must include a variety of sentence structures in your writing,

Sentence VarietyReview

Conjunctive adverbs: accordingly, furthermore, moreover, similarly, also, hence, namely, still, anyway, however, nevertheless, then, besides, incidentally, next, thereafter, certainly, indeed, nonetheless, therefore, consequently, instead, now, thus, finally, likewise, otherwise, undoubtedly, further, meanwhile

You may not enjoy this sentence variety stuff; however, it will help you become better writers.

You must include a variety of sentence structures in your writing; otherwise, you’ll sound like Ug the Caveman.

Sentence VarietyReview

Relative Pronouns: which, who, whoever, that, whose

Holden Caulfield, whose parents have no idea he has been kicked out of school, is leaving Pencey Prep for good.

The holiday break, which isn’t supposed to begin until Wednesday, is starting immediately for Holden.

Sentence VarietyReview

Turn a sentence into a prepositional phrase using one of the words below: about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around,

as, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, by, despite, down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, near, next to, of, off, on, out, over, past, to, under, until, up, with

Under pressure to cut its budget, the university has eliminated funding for important programs.

Against his mother’s wishes, Roy got a tattoo of a bear fighting a robot on his back.

Sentence VarietyVarying Sentence Openings

Possible Revisions: Coincidentally, David and I ended up sitting right next to each other at the

Super Bowl. In an amazing coincidence, David and I ended up sitting next to each other

at the Super Bowl. Sitting next to David at the Super Bowl was a tremendous coincidence. But the biggest coincidence that day happened when David and I ended

up sitting next to each other at the Super Bowl. When I sat down at the Super Bowl, I realized that, by sheer coincidence, I

was directly next to David. By sheer coincidence, I ended up sitting directly next to David at the Super

Bowl. With over 50,000 fans at the Super Bowl, it took an incredible coincidence

for me to end up sitting right next to David.

The biggest coincidence of the day was when David and I ended up sitting next to each other at the Super Bowl.