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TaK - Language
“In the beginning was the Word...”
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TaK - Language
“If you can’t say it, you don’t know it”Hans Reichenbach
“How often misused wordsgenerate misleading thoughts”
Herbert Spencer
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TaK - Language
What could you know about the world if you had no language or means of communicating with
other people?
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TaK - Language
Language is a subset of Communication- but not all communication is language.
What else is there?
Communication
Spoken/WrittenLanguageBody
Language
Symbols
Arts
?
MathsModels
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TaK - Language
Pablo Picasso Francis Bacon
Communication - Arts
A picture is worth a thousand words…?
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TaK - Language
Communication - Body Language
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TaK - Language
Communication - Body Language
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Body Language - examples
• Hands on knees: indicates readiness.• Hands on hips: indicates impatience or possibly the person is
angry• Lock your hands behind your back: indicates self-control.• Locked hands behind head: states confidence.• Sitting with a leg over the arm of the chair: suggests
indifference.• Legs and feet pointed in a particular direction: the direction
where more interest is felt• Crossed arms: indicates submissiveness.
Body language is a form of non-verbal communication involving the use of stylized gestures, postures, and physiologic signs
which act as cues to other people. Humans, sometimes unconsciously, send and receive non-verbal signals all the time.
Perhaps 70% of communication is non-verbal
TaK - Language
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TaK - Language
1) What can body language communicate more effectively than spoken language?
2) What can spoken language communicate more effectively than body language?
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TaK - Language
Communication -The Language of Clothes
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TaK - Language
Communication -The Language of Clothes
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TaK - Language
Communication - Symbols
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TaK - Language
Communication - Symbols
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TaK - Language
Communication - Symbols
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TaK - Language
Words are symbols …
this word represents that thing
Tree =
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TaK - Language
What do we mean by ‘Language’?
• Language is rule-governed.
• Language is intended.
• Language is creative and open-ended.
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TaK - Language
Rule-governed:
• Grammar
• Rules
• Accepted vocabulary
• Needs social agreement
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TaK - Language
therewere
sixpeople
injured
lying
at
the
side
of
the
road
Make a coherent sentence using all 12 words:
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The Montillation of Traxoline by Judy Lanier
“It is very important that you learn about traxoline. Traxoline is a
new form of zionter. It is montilled in Ceristanna. The Ceristannians
gristeriate large amounts of fevon and then bracter it into quasel
traxoline. Traxoline may well be one of our most lukized snezlaus in
the future because of zionter lescelidge”
1) What is traxoline?
2) Where is traxoline montilled?
3) How is traxoline quaselled?
4) Why is it important to know about traxoline?
TaK - Language
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TaK - Language
Write a sentence describing what is happening in these two pictures:
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TaK - Language
Intended:
• Language is a form of communication, but not all communication is language
o You are bored in class, you catch someone’s eye and make a yawning gesture
o You are trying to look interested in what someone is saying but find yourself starting to yawn.
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TaK - Language
Creative and open-ended:
You can write or speak a sentence that has never before appeared in the
English language ...
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TaK - Language
Language enables us to communicate new information, to learn about people and places and ideas we have never encountered before…
... but to what extent should we trust it?
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TaK - Language
In groups, define –
• A triangle
• A table
• Love
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TaK - Language
Pass along a message......
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TaK - Language
There is an element of translation in every communication.
• A sends a message to B.• B receives the message and interprets it.• Misunderstanding takes place.
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TaK - Language
Why is it so difficult to communicate effectively?
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TaK - Language
Some of the reasons...
• Most of the message we communicate is non-verbal.
• The words we use are vague, imprecise, and can be interpreted in different ways.
• We may have a “hidden agenda” that is not mutually understood.
• In this community, we all have different language histories and experiences – verbal and non-verbal! This contributes to the “problem” of communication.