Tajwid and Mistakes in ReadingTajwid dan Kesalahan Membaca

Ahmad Fuady

DefinitionDefinisi

• The term of “Tajwid” is originated from:Istilah Tajwid berasal dari:

د د –جو تجويدا -يجو

meaning „smarten‟ or „making reading good‟.

yang berarti „memperbagus bacaan‟

• Similar meaning with “Tahsin”Makna yang sama dengan “Tahsin”

ن –حسن تحسينا–يحس

إخراج كل حرف من مخراجه مع إعطائه حقه ومستحقه

“articulating every letter from its articulation

point (makhraj) along with giving the letter

its right (haq) and dues of the letter

(mustahaq)”

Mengeluarkan setiap huruf dari makhraj-nya dengan

memberikan sifat hak dan mustahaq-nya

Haq

• Rights of the letter (Haq) are its required

characteristics that is given as its origin and

never leave it, for example qalqalah

(rebounding sound) or hamsy (sputtery

sound).

Haq adalah sifat asli huruf dan tidak pernah hilang darinya,

contohnya: huruf qalqalah atau hamsy (berdesis)

Mustahaq

• The dues of the letter are its presented characteristics that present in it some of the time because of specific circumstances, and not present at other times. For example, tafkhim (thick sound) or tarqiq (thin sound) of lam and ra because of the vowel of fathah ( ), kasrah ( ) or dhammah ( ).Mustahaq adalah sifat huruf yang didapat karenakondisi tertentu dan tidak muncul setiap saat. Contohnya, tafkhim – tarqiq pada lam dan ra.

Why should learn tajwid?Mengapa harus belajar tajwid?

ورتل القرآن ترتيل

And read Qur‟an with Tartil (Al Muzammil:4)

اترتيل هو تجويد الحروف ومعرفة الوقف

• Tartil is smarten (the sound) of letters and

knowing the basic of interruption (waqaf) well

Tartil adalah memperbaiki huruf dan memahami

bagaimana menghentikan bacaan (waqaf)

Mistakes when reading Qur’anKesalahan dalam membaca Qur’an

• Mistakes, called as “lahn” اللحنKesalahan membaca disebut “Lahn”

• Two kinds of Mistakes/ Dua bentuk kesalahan:

– Obvious and clear mistakes Kesalahan yang nampak dan jelas

– Obscured and hidden mistakesKesalahan yang tidak jelas dan tersembunyi

Obvious and clear mistakesKesalahan yang nampak dan jelas

1. Mistakes in pronouncing letters that affects the accuracy of reading, even if the mistake occurs in the meaning or not.

Kesalahan dalam melafalkan huruf yang memengaruhiakurasi bacaan, baik mengubah makna atau tidak

• It can occur when pronouncing the letter طas ت or د. Dapat terjadi ketika melafalkan huruf ط sebagai ت atauد

2. Mistakes in lengthening (mad)

Kesalahan dalam panjang harakat (mad)

Right reading Obvious mistake

مي عال

رب ال

لل

حمد

لا مي

ال رب ال

لل

همد

لا

Meaning:

All praise be to Allah, God of the

universe (Al Fatihah: 2)

Meaning:

All the destruction be to Allah,

God of the illnesses.

راط يهم م

لا ع

رنمط

وأ ارا

ط يهم م

لا ع

رنمط

وأ

Meaning:

And we sent them rain (of

stones) (Al A’raaf: 84)

Meaning:

And we sent them the airport

3. Mistake in reading vowel (harakat)

Kesalahan dalam membaca harakat

Right reading Obvious mistake

هكي ورسول

مش

ن ال هللا برىء م

نأ كي ورسوله

مش

ن ال هللا برىء م

نأ

Meaning:

Verily, Allah and His Messenger

are innocent from those

polytheists (At Taubah : 3)

Meaning:

Verily, Allah are innocent from

those polytheists and His

Messenger.

4. Mistakes in making an interruption (waqaf)

Kesalahan dalam menghentikan bacaan (waqaf)

Right reading Obvious mistake

الل إل

هإل لهنم أ

لاع ف

هإل لهنم أ

لاعف

Meaning:

Then, know that there is no god,

except Allah (Muhammad :19)

Meaning:

Then, know that there is no

god

قي ف

الل

وا إن

الذين ق

ول ال

ق

سمع الل

دقل

ء نيا

غحن أ

ون

ء نيا

غحن أ

ون قي

ف

الل

إن

Meaning:

Truly, Allah has heard what people are

saying that Allah is poor and we are

rich. (Ali Imran : 181)

Meaning:

Allah is poor and we are

rich.

Obscured and hidden mistakes

Kesalahan tidak jelas dan tersembunyi

a. Mistakes that are only known by those

knowledgeable in Qur‟an reading, for

example in leaving out the idgham (ادغام)

Kesalahan yang hanya dapat diketahui oleh orang yang

memiliki pengetahuan baik dalam membaca Qur‟an,

misalnya tidak membaca dengan idgham

• Mistakes that are only known by skilled

readers of Qur‟an, such as unwanted

repetition of the ر. It may also occur when

reading :

– the dhammah ( ) as between dhammah ( ) and

fathah ( ) because the two lips are not fully

circled. It is usually prevalent when we read “ قل”,

.”عليكم “ or ,”انتم “

– the kasrah ( ) as between kasrah ( ) and fathah

( ), for example when reading “ عليهم”.