Taiwan Tourism

7/24/2019 Taiwan Tourism

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APPROVAL PAGE

The Report of Professional Internship Entitled:

EFFECT OF TOURISM TO THE PEAG!S ECOOM"#

EVIROTMET# CULTURE# A$ HERITAGE A$ SEVERAL

TOURIST $ESTIATIO I PEAG

Arranged by:

Name : Revo Rosheno Arbes

NIM (Student Number) : 105020101121005

Facuty : !conom"cs and #us"ness

$rogram : !conom"cs

%oncentrat"on : #an&"ng and F"nance

'as been evauated and aroved as a Reort o $roess"ona Internsh" $rogram*

dated +ctober ,th* 201-.

Maang* +ctober ,th* 201-Internsh" Adv"sor*

Arif Hoetoro SE%# MT%# Ph%$

IP% &'())'*) &''+&* & ))&

Student*

Re,o Rosheno Ar-es

IM% &)+)*)&)&&*&))+

Ac&no/edged by*

'ead Master o Internat"ona ndergraduate $rogram "n !conom"cs

AC.O/LE$GEMET

1

Arif Hoetoro SE%# MT%# Ph%$

IP% &'())'*) &''+&* & ))&


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In the name o Aah* most rac"ous* most Merc"u* ra"se be to Aah

S3 ord o the /ord* so that the /r"ter can "n"sh th"s reort as a art"a

u"ment o the re4u"rement or the graduate degree. 3he /r"ter "s uy a/are

that th"s thes"s st" has many /ea&nesses. In add"t"on* th"s thes"s /oud not be

"n"shed /"thout others hes thereore. In th"s chance she /oud "&e to e6ress

her grat"tude and arec"at"on to:

1. My beoved mother and ather* the best arents ever. 3han& you or your

suort to me.

2. Mr. Ar" 'oetoro* S!.* M3.* $h.7 as both my Internsh" Adv"sor and

'eadmaster o Internat"ona ndergraduate $rogram "n !conom"cs.-. $ro. %andra Fa8r" Ananda* S!.* M.Sc.* $h.7 as the 7ean o Facuty o

!conom"cs and #us"ness* #ra/"8aya n"vers"ty.9. Au"a* F"&a* 7"o* Sh"nta* Ferry* and !m#e as both my artner /"th"n 8o"n

+verseas Academ"c $rogram to n"vers"t" Sa"ns Maays"a and my best

r"ends.5. n"vers"t" Sa"ns Maays"a* Schoo o Soc"a Sc"ences* the ectures as

un"vers"ty artner. ou are /onderu.;. 3eng&u


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dien@ share advantages@ and ta&e care or the gro/"ng o my nat"on* beoved

Indones"a /ebe"ngB

Malan0# O1to-er *nd# *)&2

Re,o Rosheno Ar-es

-


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-.5.9 Museum Art and aer" 3uan&u FauE"ah.........................................-,

-.; !ect o 3our"sm to $enangs !conomy* !nv"rontment* %uture and'er"tage..............................................................................................................90

-.> 3our"st 7est"nat"on "n $enang.................................................................50-.>.1


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LIST OF TA3LES

3abe 2.1 %ourses Schedue...................................................................................11

3abe -.1 7emograhy o Maays"a.......................................................................1-

3abe -.2 overnment o Maays"a........................................................................15

3abe -.- 3o Management n"vers"ty "n SM....................................................21

;


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LIST OF FIGURES

F"gure -.1 Ma o Maays"a...................................................................................1-

F"gure -.2 SM !mbem.......................................................................................1?

F"gure -.- SM coege room (7e/an

F"gure -.? $enang Museum Art aery............................................................5,

F"gure -.10 $enang '".........................................................................................5?

>


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LIST OF APPE$ICES

Aend"6 1 Cetter + Statement

,


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CHAPTER I

ITRO$UCTIO

&%& 3a140ro5nd

%oege bas"cay "s a ace /here one coud earn to be someone /"th broad

"ns"ght and be an educated erson. !ducat"on "tse "s a systemat"c rocess to earn

be"ng "ndeendent and becom"ng an adut so that one coud ta&e resons"b""ty "n

"v"ng h"s "e. C"v"ng "e "n resons"be /ay means hav"ng the courage to ta&e

/"se dec"s"on and aso have the courage to bear a "ts conse4uence.


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3he ecturer "s the ma"n act"v"ty and ob8ect"ve o the author to/ard +verseas

Academ"c $rogram (+A$) to n"vers"t" Sa"ns Maays"a. 3he author "s

e6er"enc"ng d"erent orm o ecturer "n un"vers"ty concerned to #ra/"8aya

n"vers"ty* Facuty o !conom"cs and #us"ness as art"cuar. It "s the "nterest"ng

to"c or th"s sect"on. 'ence* the author /as ta&"ng or 9 courses "n the Schoo o

Soc"a Sc"ences* n"vers"t" Sa"ns Maays"a /h"ch are A"ed !conom"cs*

!conom"cs or $ann"ng and $ro8ect Anays"s* Internat"ona F"nance and

!conom"cs o 7eveoment.

In th"s aer* the /r"ter has choose to conduct research "n n"vers"ty Sa"ns

Maays"a "n $enang* Maays"a* by cooerat"on bet/een !conomy and #us"ness

Facuty o #ra/"8aya n"vers"ty and n"vers"ty Sa"ns Maays"a /h"ch coud be

e4u"vaent as one orm o


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&%* O-8e1ti,e of ..P

3he genera ob8ect"ve o th"s


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c. "v"ng /or&"ng e6er"ence to be aced by students

d. Sha"ng "nd"v"dua that reares "n ac"ng /ord comet"t"on

ract"ce.

e. "v"ng ac""ty or students to deveo other cometence that "s sot

s&" as the comementary or academ"c ab""ty "n earn"ng

teach"ng "n coege.

2. #ene"t


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a. Imement"ng one o the soc"a resons"b""t"es o the cororat"on

or "nst"tut"on or the soc"ety.

b. ett"ng "deas and energy "n order to "ncrease the erormance o

the coman"esD"nst"tut"ons and the soc"ety.

c. As a too to bu"d cooerat"on to "nd otent"a /or&orce.

9. #ene"t


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CHAPTER II

THEORITICAL FRAME/OR.S


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about the des"red e6changes /"th target aud"ences or the urose o ersona and

mutua ga"ns."t re"es heav"y on the adot"on and coord"nat"on o roduct* $r"ce*

ace and romot"on /h"ch "s the 9$s o mar&et"ng.

H+ne o the ma"n management d"sc""nes* encomass"ng a the strateg"c

ann"ng* oerat"ons* act"v"t"es* and rocesses "nvoved "n ach"ev"ng

organ"Eat"ona ob8ect"ves by de"ver"ng vaue to costumers. mar&et"ng

management ocuses on sat"sy"ng costumers re4u"rements by "dent"y"ng needs

and /ants* and deveo"ng roducts and serv"ces to meet them.(J F"nance

Resource)

In Nat"ona %h"ay" n"vers"ty* author aso s"t "n the cass to attend the

course* because attend"ng the courses "s the ma"n rogram o the "nternsh".

#eo/ are the schedue o the courses:

Co5rses S1hed5le

Date Day 9:00 - 12:00 14:00 - 17:00

8/12 Monday The Functions of

Marketing

Mandarin !ass

8/1" Tuesday Market #eg$entation

and %ositioning

Mandarin !ass

8/14 &ednesd

ay

De'e!o(ing )

Marketing %!an

Mandarin !ass

8/1* Thursday De'e!o(ing +e,

%roducts and

#er'ices

Mandarin !ass

8/1 Friday .!ectronic o$$erce Mandarin !ass

Table 2.1 Courses Schedule

>


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CHAPTER III

THE IMPLEMETATIO OF PROFESSIOAL ITERSHIP

2%& Tai9an Profile

Figure 3.1 Map of Taiwan

3a"/an /as 8o"ned to the As"an ma"nand "n the Cate $e"stoeone* unt" sea

eves rose about 10*000 years ago.ragmentary human rema"ns have been ound

on the "sand* dated 20*000 to -0*000 years ago* as /e as ater art"acts o a

$aeo"th"c cuture.

More than ,*000 years ago Austrones"ans "rst setted on 3a"/an.the"r

anguages beong to the Austrones"an anguage am"y* /h"ch aso "ncudes the

,


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Maayo K $oynes"an anguages sann"ng a huge area "ncud"ng the ent"re

Mar"t"me Southeast As"a "&e $h"""nes* Maas"ya* Indones"a* and #rune".

3he "sand "s %haracter"Eed by thee contrast bet/een the eastern t/o

th"rds* cons"st"ng mosty o rugged mounta"ns runn"ng "n "ve ranges rom the

northern to the southern t" o the "sand* and the at to genty ro"ng %h"anan

$a"ns "n the /est that are aso home to most o 3a"/ans ouat"on. 3a"/ans

h"ghest o"nt "s u Shan (Lade Mounta"n) at -*?52 meters (12*?;; t)* and there

are "ve other ea&s overs -*500 m (11*500 t).th"s ma&es "t the /ords ourth

h"ghest "sand.

And aso the board coasta a"n "n the /est suorts most o the "sands

ouat"on and "s the ch"e agr"cutura Eone. Natura d"sasters such as tyhoons

and earth4ua&es are common. 3a"/an has a sem"tro"ca c"mate and ra"na

rang"ng rom moderate to heavy. /"th abundant sunsh"ne and ra"na* the "sand "s

agr"cuturay very roduct"ve.

3.1.1 General

3a"/ans tota and area "s about -;*000 s4uare &"ometers (19*900 s4uare

m"es). It "s shaed "&e a ea that "s narro/ at both ends. It "es o the

southeastern coast o ma"nand As"a* across the 3a"/an Stra"t rom %h"na an

"sand on the /estern edge o the $ac""c +cean. 3o the north "s Laan@ to the south

"s the $h"""nes. Many a"r"nes y to 3a"/an* ma&"ng "t the erect trave

dest"nat"on.

Area Pop5lation Capital 1it7

-*;000 s4uare &m 2-.- m""on 3a"e"

Table 3.1 Demography of Taiwan

?


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3.1.2 Language

Standard Mandar"n "s o"c"ay recogn"Eed by the Reub"c o %h"na

as the nat"ona anguage* and "t "s so&en by the vast ma8or"ty o res"dents. About

>0 o the eoe "n 3a"/an beong to the H'o&o ethn"c grou and sea& both

3a"/anese K a var"ant o M"n Nan* the"r mother tongue K and Standard Mandar"n.

Standard Mandar"n has been the r"mary anguage o "nstruct"on "n schoos s"nce

the Laanese /ere orced out "n the 1?90s. 3he 'a&&a ethn"c grou* comr"s"ng

around 15 o the ouat"on* use the 'a&&a anguage. 3a"/ans abor"g"na

m"nor"ty grous mosty sea& the"r o/n nat"ve anguages* athough most aso

sea& Mandar"n.

!ng"sh "s a common second anguage* /"th some arge r"vate

schoos rov"d"ng !ng"sh "nstruct"on. !ng"sh "s comusory "n students

curr"cuum once they enter eementary schoo. !ng"sh as a schoo sub8ect "s aso

eatured on 3a"/ans educat"on e6ams.

3.1.3 Currency

3he monetary un"t o the country "s Ne/ 3a"/an 7oar and "s /r"tten

as N37 or 37. 3he e6change rate "s vaued at R.-,?* O N37 1. Notes are

ava"abe "n N37 1000* N37 500* N37 100* N37 200 and N37 2000 notes*

/h"ch are be"ng "ssued every ha a year se4uent"ay. %urrenty* the Ne/ 3a"/an

7oar co"ns "n c"rcuat"on "ncude N37 0.5* N37 1* N37 5* N37 10* N37 20

and N37 50. Fore"gn currenc"es can be e6changed at ban&s and money

changers.

10


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3.1.4 Weather

3a"/an "s cons"dered subtro"ca. Summer asts rom May through

Setember and tends to be very hot and hum"d. 3he average dayt"me h"ghs range

rom -0-5P% or ,;?5PF. "nters are generay m"d* athough the h"gh hum"d"ty

tends to ma&e "t ee very ch"y at t"mes. "nters run rom 7ecember through

February /"th average h"ghs o around 1;20P% or ;1;,PF. Athough these

temeratures are not art"cuary o/* most houses do not have any heat"ng* so be

reared to bunde u.

%hances are you /" get to e6er"ence at east one tyhoon /h"e you

are "n 3a"/an. Luy to +ctober "s &no/n as tyhoon season* br"ng"ng strong /"nds

and ots o ra"n. Standard rearat"on or a tyhoon "ncudes: stoc&"ng u on

dr"n&"ng /ater and ood* and be"ng reared or surace ood"ng and o/er or

/ater cuts. $eoe "v"ng "n aartments on the "rst oor may have to move

urn"ture and vauabes to h"gher eves. 3he government /" cose schoos dur"ng

a strong tyhoon.

Another natura henomenon o 3a"/an you may e6er"ence "s an

earth4ua&e. As 3a"/an "s ocated on the ac""c Hr"m o "re* "&e Laan* Ne/

Qeaand* and %a"orn"a. !arth tremors can occur at any t"me o the year "n

3a"/an* but the ma8or"ty "s so s"ght that they ass unnot"ced. Stronger tremors do

occur around once every t/o or three months* but most bu"d"ngs are made to

/"thstand the 4ua&es a"ry /e.

11


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3.1.5 Government

Table 3.2 Goernmen! of Taiwan

Infor6ation:$res"dent Ma "ng8eou and ="ce $res"dent u 7eny"h "nv"ted the

res"dents* v"ce res"dents* and secretar"esgenera rom the "ve uan (the "ve

branches o the R+% government).

Table 3.3 Cen!ral Goernmen! of Taiwan "rgani#a!ion

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3.1.6 Economic

Table 3.$ %conomic grow!h of Taiwan

7ur"ng the "rst t/o 4uarters o 2012* 3a"/ans econom"c gro/th rates

reected the sugg"sh goba econom"c gro/th and the resut"ng /ea& e6terna

demand. 3he econom"c gro/th rate "n the "rst 4uarter o 2012 stood at 0.5 *

turn"ng negat"ve dur"ng the second 4uarter (0.1 ). ho/ever* as e6terna demand

graduay stab""Eed "n the second ha o the year* the economy "c&ed u stead"y

/"th gro/th rates o 0.> "n the th"rd 4uarter and -.? "n the ourth 4uarter.

For the tota o 2012* the 7$ gro/th rate /as 1.- . In "ne /"th the goba

econom"c so/do/n* e6orts decreased by 2.2 * /h"e "morts shran& by -., .

7es"te the adverse "mact o the ac&uster goba economy* abor mar&et

cond"t"ons cont"nued to "mrove* ead"ng to an unemoyment rate o 9.2 .

%onsumer r"ces "ncreased by 1.? due to c"mb"ng energy and ood r"ces. For

1-


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201-* the 7#AS (7"rectorateenera o #udget* Account"ng and Stat"st"cs)

orecasts an econom"c gro/th o 2.9 or the /hoe year.

2%* Chia7i Cit7

3he od name o %h"ay" c"ty "s HQhu Cuoshan and there are t/o d"erent

vers"ons o "ts or"g"n. +ne "s that "t comes rom the trans"terat"on o the name o

abor"g"nas v"age* /h"ch /as caed as H3"rosen v"age by 7utch. 3he other

reason "s that mounta"ns on east s"de o %h"y" c"ty stand "n a ro/* thereore the

sound Hro/ became "ts name. %h"ay" c"ty "s aso &no/n as c"ty o each because

o "ts shae "n the ast. No/ the area around our ounta"n oo&ed "&e the end o a

each so c"t"Eens usuay ca "t H7eA ee (end o a each).

In 1;;1* Qheng %henggong came to 3a"/an and ban"shed the 7utch. 'e

estab"shed the "rst %h"nese government and aned 3a"/an as a rov"nce /"th

t/o count"es /h"ch are searated by Sat cree&. %h"ay" beonged to the northern

county at that t"me. In 1;,-* 3a"/an /as ta&en by J"ng 7ynasty and the emeror

aned 3a"/an as a rov"nce /"th three count"es. 3he southern county once under

Qheng %henggons rue /as d"v"ded as 3a"/an county and Fenshang county. 3he

northern one /as renamed as Qhu Cuo county and "ts government /as set "n 2>* the governor rene/ed "ts gate /"th

ne/ names* bu"t se/ers and orts. In 1>-5* 3he governor anted bamboos

around the caste or urther rotect"ons. In 1>,;* C"n Shuang/en revoute

aga"nst the J"ng 7ynasty and Qhu Cuo county had been bes"eged or 10 months.

+n -rd November 1>,>* ater the batte the emeror changed the name rom Qhu

19


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Cuo to %h"ay" ("n %h"nese %h"ay" means Ha/ard"ng or the oyaty) or re/ard"ng

c"t"Eens courage. In 1,,5* 3a"/an /as o"c"ay regarded as a terr"tory o Ju"ng

7ynasty and t/o years ater the government /as more sec""cay reconstructed*

but the county government /as st" "n %h"ay".

%h"ay" c"ty ocates on the area o 3ro"c o %ancer* thereore "n %h"ay" c"ty

/e have both tro"ca and subtro"ca eatures. Sun has been guarded th"s c"ty or

three hundred years. $enty sunsh"ne and ra"n and the average temerature around

2- degree %es"us ma&e th"s c"ty a good ace to "ve and /or&. 3he deveoment

o %h"ay" c"ty "s a/ays reated to sun and human"sm. 7utch and Qheng

%henggong came here and bu"t oundat"ona measures dur"ng 1>th century. In

1>09 the emeror ,> Qhu Cuo

c"t"Eens ought aga"nst the revout"on so the emeror J"anong renamed the ace

or %h"ay" as a re/ard. In 1?0; %h"ay" /as ser"ousy damaged "n a b"g earth4ua&e*

thereore Laanese h"red !ng"sh arch"tects to reconstruct %h"ay" and made "t as a

trade center o /ood bus"ness "n A" Mounta"n. 3he %h"ay" $ar& /h"ch has been

ers"sted or amost 100 years "s "&e a h"stor"ca m"n"ature o the c"ty o sun. e

resent you common eoes snac&s "n the t"me o J"ng dynasty and Laanese

coon"a er"od. 7e"cate $a"nt"ngs and Art o


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2%2 ational Chia7i Uni,esit7 Profile

Figure 3.2 &C'( %mblem

Nat"ona %h"ay" n"vers"ty /as ormed "n February 2000 by merg"ng t/o

e6"st"ng coeges "n %h"ay"* Nat"ona %h"ay" Inst"tute o 3echnoogy (N%I3) and

Nat"ona %h"ay" 3eachers %oege (N%3%). 3he n"vers"ty no/ has s"6

coeges* /h"ch "ncude > doctora rograms* -? ut"me masters degree

rograms* 12 artt"me masters degree rograms* and 91 undergraduate

rograms. N% "s one o the odest and argest un"vers"t"es "n the southern

art o 3a"/an.

Nat"ona %h"ay" Inst"tute o 3echnoogy /as "rst ounded "n Ar"* 1?1? as

%h"ay" Agr"cuture and Forestry $ub"c Schoo. It /as reorgan"Eed and named

as H3a"/an $rov"nc"a %h"ay" Agr"=ocat"ona Schoo "n November* 1?95. In

1;


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March* 1?;5* the Schoo /as ugraded and became H3a"/an $rov"nc"a %h"ay"

Lun"or %oege o Agr"cuture. In Luy* 1?,1* and the coege became a nat"ona

coege d"recty unded by the M"n"stry o !ducat"on. In Luy* 1??>* the coege

/as ugraded aga"n to a coege and became HNat"ona %h"ay" Inst"tute o

3echnoogy. In "ts ?0 year h"story* the %oege has tra"ned roess"onas "n

d"erent "eds.

Nat"ona %h"ay" 3eachers %oege /as "rst ounded "n 1?5> as 3a"/an

$rov"nc"a %h"ay" Norma Schoo. 3he schoo recru"ted 8un"or h"gh schoo

graduates and tra"ned them as &"ndergarten and eementary schoo teachers. In

August* 1??;* the Schoo /as ugraded to a "veyear 8un"or coege and

renamed as 3a"/an $rov"nc"a %h"ay" Lun"or 3eachers %oege. 3he %oege

/as reormed * "nto a ouryear coege* and renamed as 3a"/an $rov"nc"a

%h"ay" 3eachers %oege "n Luy* 1?,>. In Luy* 1??1* the %oege became a

nat"ona coege and /as renamed as Nat"ona %h"ay" 3eachers %oege. S"nce

"t /as estab"shed "n 1?5>* the %oege has tra"ned thousands o eementary and

&"ndergarten teachers* most o them have taught "n schoos a over the country

or served "n educat"on reated ub"c sectors.

#y merg"ng the t/o coeges* Nat"ona %h"ay" n"vers"ty "s one o the e/

comrehens"ve un"vers"t"es "n the south/estern art o 3a"/an* cover"ng a /"de

range o doma"ns* "ncud"ng C"e Sc"ence* Agr"cuture* Management* Sc"ence

and !ng"neer"ng* 'uman"t"es and Arts* and !ducat"on.

3he ut"mate goa o the n"vers"ty "s to atta"n truth* goodness* and beauty

through e6ceence "n research* roess"ona tra"n"ng* cutura and soc"a serv"ce.

e be"eve "n the vaue o honesty* s"m"c"ty* act"on* "nnovat"on and serv"ce.

1>


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e aso attemt to "nst" these vaues "n the research* educat"on and

management to ugrade the un"vers"ty to become the r"de o %h"ay" and

nat"onay reno/ned as /e as "nternat"onay recogn"Eed "nst"tut"on.

3he "dea o n"vers"ty embem Nat"ona %h"ay" un"vers"ty /as ormed by

merg"ng Nat"ona %h"ay" Inst"tute o 3echnoogy and Nat"ona %h"ay" 3eacher

%oege. the embem /as des"gned accord"ng to the e6ceent trad"t"ons o the

t/o coages and the uture deveoment o N%.

3he embem "ncudes /ordamous ushan /"th a r"s"ng sum* /h"ch

reresents the ut"mate goa o N% to be a rest"g"ous un"vers"ty and to be

recogn"Eed ocay* nat"onay and "nternat"onay.

3he /"nd r"ver "n the embem o/s across the %h"anan a"n and "t "s

cons"dered the "e"ne o %h"ay". /h"ch reresents the ong h"story and the

stabe deveoment o N%. N% /" cont"nue to cut"vate taents and

contr"bute to the country and the soc"ety.

3.3.1 Future Development o !C"#

In the near uture* the un"vers"ty /" adot the oo/"ng deveoment

strateg"es:

1. Ad6inistration

Imrove adm"n"strat"ve e"c"ency by ugrad"ng the un"vers"tys

"normat"on "nrastructure* comuter"E"ng adm"n"strat"on rocesses* and

rov"d"ng more "nserv"ce tra"n"ng to the sta.2. Tea1hin0

Strengthen teach"ng assessment and encourage the acuty members to

1,


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deveo "nnovat"ve teach"ng methods and techn"4ues to st"muate

creat"v"ty and cr"t"ca th"n&"ng o the students* and as a resut* to enhance

the comet"t"veness o the students.-. Resear1hin0

Imrove the research erormance o the un"vers"ty by encourag"ng the

a"cat"ons o research ro8ects and grants and cooerat"ng /"th other

un"vers"t"es "n 3a"/an or abroad.9. Co665nit7

$rov"de "nserv"ce tra"n"ng and "eong earn"ng to teachers and

roess"onas "n un"n* %h"ay"* and 3a"nan Reg"on to ass"st them "n

"mrov"ng the"r roess"ona s&"s. Act"vey romote "ndustryun"vers"ty

cooerat"on to "nnovate research and deveoment /or&.5. Internationaliation

$romote "nternat"ona e6changes and cooerat"on by us"ng !ng"sh as the

"nstruct"ona anguage "n cass* recru"t"ng "nternat"ona students and

"nternat"ona schoars to g"ve ectures and conduct research at the

un"vers"ty* and encourag"ng the acuty and the students to art"c"ate

"nternat"ona contests and conerences.

3.3.2 $ta% o !C"#

1?


28/77

&ur Director

+a$e .-

$ai!

%ositio

nFunction Te!e(hone

Te-an #henDirecto

r

#u(er'ision of %ersonne!

)airs

88-*-

2717190

'(out )he Fri*t Divi*ion

+a$e

.-

$ai!

%osition Function Te!e(hon

e

hing-

#han

i

Di'ision

hief

)ssisting %ersonne! )air of Director3

o$e %age Designing and

Manage$ent3 5ther )ssigned Tasks

88-*-

2717192

hun-

Mei

uang

.6ecuti

'e

5cer

)airs of 5rganic #tructure3 )na!ysis of

%ersonne! #tatistics3 iring and

%ro$otion )airs )d'isory o$$ittee

for Facu!ty3 Facu!ty +u$ers e!ated

#ta3 5ther )ssigned Tasks

88-*-

271719"

i-

Fang

e

5cer )airs e!ated the #e!ection of o!!ege

Deans3 ;raduate Directors3 and

De(art$ent hairs3 )airs e!ated to

u$an esource esearch and

De'e!o($ent3 %u!ication of


29/77

Tasks

=ih-an

sieh5cer

e!ated )airs of .$(!oy$ent and

Transferring for #ta3 )airs of )d'isory

o$$ittee for #ta3 )airs of Facu!ty

and #ta %ay$ent3 %ro$oti'e Training

of #ta3 >ssuing Fu!!/%art-ti$e Facu!ty

and )d$inistration erti?cation3

%roc!a$ation of Facu!ty .$(!oy$ent3

5ther )ssigned Tasks

88-*-

271719"

'(out )he $econ+ Divi*ion

+a$e

.-

$ai!

%osition Function Te!e(hone

u-in

iu

Di'ision

hief

)ssisting %ersonne! )air of Director3


88-*-

271719

They-

hen

sieh

.6ecuti

'e

5cer

%re(aration and #u$ission of

%ersonne! 5ce@s )nnua! %!an and

e(ort3 e'ision of


30/77

ene,a!3 )((ea! )airs of Facu!ty

and #ta3 ear!y %ay aise of Facu!ty3


i-Fen

o

5cer

ea'e of )sence )airs3 )airs of

;oing )road for the Facu!ty and

#ta3 o!iday #usidy3 Aene?ts of

etired Facu!ty and #ta3 )cti'ity and

Meetings for hinese +e, ear and

)nnua! etired Facu!ty Meeting3

)airs of on-the-Bo Training and

#tudy %rogra$s3 5ther )ssigned

Tasks

88-*-

2717197

Miao-

hun

su

5cer

)airs of etire$ent and Funds of

e!ati'es Deceased3 ea! #tate oan

for the Facu!ty and #ta3 e!ated

Aene?ts and >nsurance )airs3

>ssuing erti?cation for the etiring

Facu!ty and #ta3 e!ated )airs of

etired %ay$ent3 %ro(erties of

%urchase and Maintenance for the

%ersonne! 5ce3 Manage$ent of

o$(uteriCed %ersonne! >nfor$ation

#yste$3 5ther )ssigned Tasks

88-*-

2717197

Table 3.3 S!aff of (niersi!y in &C'(

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31/77

2%; Colle0e of Mana0e6ent C"U

3here are seven deartment "n %oege o Management N%. #us"ness

Adm"n"strat"on* A"ed !conom"cs* Management Inormat"on Systems* #an&"ng

and F"nance* Mar&et"ng and Cog"st"c or 3ransortat"on* Recreat"on* 3our"sm and

'os"ta"ty Management* Agr"bus"ness Adm"n"strat"on* !M#A $rogram* and the

oba Masters $rogram "n 3our"sm and Management eatur"ng a var"ety o

degree rograms "ncud"ng $h.7.* Masters* Internat"ona Masters* and #acheors.

+ver 2*000 students are enroed "n the Management coege o N%. ;5 acuty

/ho graduated "n d"erent countr"es and reg"ons ossess a var"ety o roess"ona

management sec"at"es.

Fac"ng the ra"d deveoment o goba"Eat"on* coege has been /or&"ng

on "ncororat"ng teach"ng resources rom a deartments "nto a more e6"be*

advanced* and "ntegrated rogram systems. no/* because o d"vers""ed courses*

students can "ncororate and re"ne the"r subsec"atys &no/edge "nto the"r

ma8or to re"norce the"r comet"t"veness /hen see&"ng emoyment.

3he coege o Management have a m"ss"ons* the coege are to deveo "ts

students otent"a "n management and to gu"de them to be H=aued Managers

and* "n add"t"on* to ma&e contr"but"ons to soc"ety and "nternat"onay by uy

us"ng the"r at"tudes and ab""t"es. "ven "ts ob8ect"ves* the deveoment o the

%oege o Management* Nat"ona %h"ay" n"vers"ty "s based on the oo/"ng:

2-


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A student centered h"osohy /" be cont"nuay be"ng emoyed

"n des"gn"ng* arrang"ng* evauat"ng and rev"s"ng the courses o the

coege and the"r schedues to ma6"m"Ee the students earn"ng.

#es"des teach"ng management r"nc"es and ract"ce* the coege

/" ta&e "n"t"at"ve "n caus"ng "ts students to understand the

"mortance o h"gh ersona eth"cs and o /or&"ng or the good o

soc"ety by encourag"ng "ts students to art"c"ate "n var"ous camus

and o camus act"v"t"es /"th the"r "nstructors.

3he coege /" be an a "n one "nst"tut"on@ "n that "ts d"erent

rograms /" e6change the"r courses* teach"ng* research and

e6tens"on serv"ces. In rea"ty* "ts reshman and sohomore students

/" be art o one rogram@ and* "ts var"ous "nst"tutes /" be the

e6tens"on o the M#A rogram.

3he coege /" deveo "ts o/n un"4ueness and he "ts students

to ga"n Hsynergy by eect"ve ut""Eat"on o the educat"ona

resources o other coeges* esec"ay "n educat"on* anguages* the

arts* counse"ng* agr"cuture* hort"cuture* ood sc"ence* and "e

sc"ence.

3he undergraduate rograms /" ocus on a graduate hav"ng a

/e rounded educat"on. #es"des sett"ng h"gh standards or the

management &no/edge and other roess"ona s&"s* or the

students uture career the coege /" oer sec"a courses to

29


33/77

enhance "ts students "ngu"st"c* og"ca and genera commun"cat"on

s&"s and to deveo the"r ersona"ty* "nterersona s&"s and

eth"cs.

3he graduate rograms /" ocus on roess"ona tra"n"ng courses

and educate the students to be des"red and resected roess"onas.

3.4.1 )he Cour*e* ta,en -ithin )he ntern*hip

3he author oo/s 2 courses or ecturer act"v"ty "n term o s"tt"ng "n. 9

courses "s ment"oned as A"ed !conom"cs* !conom"cs or $ann"ng and $ro8ect

Anays"s* Internat"ona F"nance* and !conom"cs o 7eveoment. S"nce the author

ony conduct ecturer "n term o s"tt"ng "n* thereore* ecturer cass ony "s

occu"ed. It "s means the author d"d not oo/ tutor"a cass. 'ence* th"s "s "t

some mater"as that earn by author through s"tt"ng "n a cass:

Applied E1ono6i1s

A"ed !conom"cs "s taught byMrs.Co&e ""ng L"a* $h.7every Monday. 3he

author e6er"enc"ng three t"mes on th"s cass /"th"n 8o"n +verseas Academ"c

$rogram (+A$) to n"vers"t" Sa"ns Maays"a. 3he three t"mes are February 25 th*

March 9stand March 11th. Cecturer cass or the concerned sub8ect "s conduct at

ha 7< N. F"nay* beo/ "s some mater"a gave

The Course Synopsis

3h"s course covers severa seected econom"cs to"cs* /h"ch have not been

taught "n the "ntermed"ate econom"c theory courses. #as"c concets o econom"c

25


34/77

theor"es taught "n the "ntermed"ate eve are e6tended to better understand the

many am""ar e6er"ences encountered "n da"y "e.

3he chosen to"cs "n th"s course are d"v"ded "nto three sect"ons: 3hefirs!

mee!ing cons"sts o a"cat"ons on consumer cho"ce theor"es* /h"ch "ncudes

to"cs such as comensated demand curves* cost "v"ng "nde6es* net/or&

e6terna"t"es and "ntertemora cho"ce. In the second mee!ing* the course /"

roceed /"th dec"s"on ma&"ng under uncerta"nty. 3h"s sect"on /" d"scuss

a"cat"on on bear"ng* e"m"nat"on and d"vers"y"ng r"s&. Search theory "s aso

"ntroduced to e6a"n dec"s"on ma&"ng under uncerta"nty. 3he !hird mee!ing

"ntroduces game theory* an a"cat"on that "s commony used "n anays"s on

strateg"c cho"ce and "nteract"on "ssues. A"cat"on o game theory sec""cay on

strateg"c "nteract"ons o "rms /" be d"scussed.

E1ono6i1s for Plannin0 and Pro8e1t Anal7sis

!conom"cs or $ann"ng and $ro8ect Anays"s "s taught by)rof. Dr. *amalludin

Sulaiman+ )h.D.+ Da!o, every 3uesday. 3he author e6er"enc"ng three t"mes on

th"s cass /"th"n 8o"n +verseas Academ"c $rogram (+A$) to n"vers"t" Sa"ns

Maays"a. 3he three t"mes are February 2;th* March 5thand March 12th. Cecturer

cass or the concerned sub8ect "s conduct at ha 7< F. #eo/ "s some mater"a

gave:

Cos! -enefi! nalysis

A cost bene"t anays"s "s done to determ"ne ho/ /e* or ho/ oory* a

anned act"on /" turn out. Athough a cost bene"t anays"s can be used or

amost anyth"ng* "t "s most commony done on "nanc"a 4uest"ons. S"nce the cost

2;


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bene"t anays"s re"es on the add"t"on o os"t"ve actors and the subtract"on o

negat"ve ones to determ"ne a net resut* "t "s aso &no/n as runn"ng the numbers.

A cost bene"t anays"s "nds* 4uant""es* and adds a the os"t"ve actors.

3hese are the bene"ts. 3hen "t "dent""es* 4uant""es* and subtracts a the

negat"ves* the costs. 3he d"erence bet/een the t/o "nd"cates /hether the anned

act"on "s adv"sabe. 3he rea tr"c& to do"ng a cost bene"t anays"s /e "s ma&"ng

sure you "ncude a the costs and a the bene"ts and roery 4uant"y them.

Shoud /e h"re an add"t"ona saes erson or ass"gn overt"me Is "t a good "dea to

urchase the ne/ stam"ng mach"ne " /e be better o utt"ng our ree cash

o/ "nto secur"t"es rather than "nvest"ng "n add"t"ona ca"ta e4u"ment !ach o

these 4uest"ons can be ans/ered by do"ng a roer cost bene"t anays"s.

For e6ame* As the $roduct"on Manager* you are roos"ng the urchase

o a T1 M""on stam"ng mach"ne to "ncrease outut. #eore you can resent the

roosa to the ="ce $res"dent* you &no/ you need some acts to suort your

suggest"on* so you dec"de to run the numbers and do a cost bene"t anays"s.

ou "tem"Ee the bene"ts. "th the ne/ mach"ne* you can roduce 100

more un"ts er hour. 3he three /or&ers currenty do"ng the stam"ng by hand can

be reaced. 3he un"ts /" be h"gher 4ua"ty because they /" be more un"orm.

ou are conv"nced these out/e"gh the costs.

3here "s a cost to urchase the mach"ne and "t /" consume some

eectr"c"ty. Any other costs /oud be "ns"gn""cant.

ou cacuate the se"ng r"ce o the 100 add"t"ona un"ts er hour

mut""ed by the number o roduct"on hours er month. Add to that t/o ercent

or the un"ts that arent re8ected because o the 4ua"ty o the mach"ne outut. ou

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aso add the monthy saar"es o the three /or&ers. 3hats a retty good tota

bene"t.

3hen you cacuate the monthy cost o the mach"ne* by d"v"d"ng the

urchase r"ce by 12 months er year and d"v"de that by the 10 years the mach"ne

shoud ast. 3he manuacturers secs te you /hat the o/er consumt"on o the

mach"ne "s and you can get o/er cost numbers rom account"ng so you "gure the

cost o eectr"c"ty to run the mach"ne and add the urchase cost to get a tota cost

"gure.

ou subtract your tota cost "gure rom your tota bene"t vaue and your

anays"s sho/s a heathy ro"t. A you have to do no/ "s resent "t to the =$*

r"ght rong. ouve got the r"ght "dea* but you et out a ot o deta".

International Finan1e

Internat"ona F"nance "s taught by Mrs. Normee %he Sab* $h.7 every

ednesday. 3he author e6er"enc"ng three t"mes on th"s cass /"th"n 8o"n

+verseas Academ"c $rogram (+A$) to n"vers"t" Sa"ns Maays"a. 3he three

t"mes are February 2>th* March ;th and March 1-th. Cecturer cass or the

concerned sub8ect "s conduct at ha 7< N. #eo/ "s some mater"a gave:

-alance of )aymen!

3he baanceoayments accounts o a country record the ayments and

rece"ts o the res"dents o the country "n the"r transact"ons /"th res"dents o

other countr"es. I a transact"ons are "ncuded* the ayments and rece"ts o

each country are* and must be* e4ua. Any aarent "ne4ua"ty s"my eaves one

country ac4u"r"ng assets "n the others. For e6ame* " Amer"cans buy

automob"es rom Laan* and have no other transact"ons /"th Laan* the Laanese

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must end u hod"ng doars* /h"ch they may hod "n the orm o ban& deos"ts

"n the n"ted States or "n some other .S."nvestment. 3he ayments Amer"cans

ma&e to Laan or automob"es are baanced by the ayments Laanese ma&e to

.S. "nd"v"duas and "nst"tut"ons* "ncud"ng ban&s* or the ac4u"s"t"on o doar

assets. $ut another /ay* Laan sod the n"ted States automob"es* and the

n"ted States sod Laan doars or doardenom"nated assets such as treasury

b"s and Ne/ or& o"ce bu"d"ngs.

Athough the totas o ayments and rece"ts are necessar"y e4ua* there

/" be "ne4ua"t"esUe6cesses o ayments or rece"ts* caed de"c"ts or

surusesU"n art"cuar &"nds o transact"ons. 3hus* there can be a de"c"t or

surus "n any o the oo/"ng: merchand"se trade (goods)* serv"ces trade*

ore"gn "nvestment "ncome* un"atera transers (ore"gn a"d)* r"vate "nvestment*

the o/ o god and money bet/een centra ban&s and treasur"es* or any

comb"nat"on o these or other "nternat"ona transact"ons. 3he statement that a

country has a de"c"t or surus "n "ts Hbaance o ayments must reer to some

art"cuar cass o transact"ons.

Many d"erent de"n"t"ons o the baanceoayments de"c"t or surus

have been used "n the ast. !ach de"n"t"on has d"erent "m"cat"ons and

uroses. nt" about 1?>- attent"on /as ocused on a de"n"t"on o the baance

o ayments "ntended to measure a countrys ab""ty to meet "ts ob"gat"on to

e6change "ts currency or other currenc"es or or god at "6ed e6change rates. 3o

meet th"s ob"gat"on* countr"es ma"nta"ned a stoc& o o"c"a reserves* "n the

orm o god or ore"gn currenc"es* that they coud use to suort the"r o/n

currenc"es. A dec"ne "n th"s stoc& /as cons"dered an "mortant baanceo

2?
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ayments de"c"t because "t threatened the ab""ty o the country to meet "ts

ob"gat"ons. #ut that art"cuar &"nd o de"c"t* by "tse* /as never a good

"nd"cator o the countrys "nanc"a os"t"on. 3he reason "s that "t "gnored the

"&e"hood that the country /oud be caed on to meet "ts ob"gat"on and the

/""ngness o ore"gn or "nternat"ona monetary "nst"tut"ons to rov"de suort.

Ater 1?>-* "nterest "n o"c"a reserve os"t"ons as a measure o baance o

ayments greaty d"m"n"shed as the ma8or countr"es gave u the"r comm"tment to

convert the"r currenc"es at "6ed e6change rates. 3h"s reduced the need or

reserves and essened concern about changes "n the s"Ee o reserves. S"nce 1?>-*

d"scuss"ons o Hthe baanceoayments de"c"t or surus usuay reer to /hat

"s caed the current account. 3h"s account conta"ns trade "n goods and serv"ces*

"nvestment "ncome earned abroad* and un"atera transers. It e6cudes the ca"ta

account* /h"ch "ncudes the ac4u"s"t"on or sae o secur"t"es or other roerty.

#ecause the current account and the ca"ta account add u to the tota account*

/h"ch "s necessar"y baanced* a de"c"t "n the current account "s a/ays

accoman"ed by an e4ua surus "n the ca"ta account* and v"ce versa. A de"c"t

or surus "n the current account cannot be e6a"ned or evauated /"thout

s"mutaneous e6anat"on and evauat"on o an e4ua surus or de"c"t "n the

ca"ta account.

A country "s more "&ey to have a de"c"t "n "ts current account the h"gher

"ts r"ce eve* the h"gher "ts gross nat"ona roduct* the h"gher "ts "nterest rates*

the o/er "ts barr"ers to "morts* and the more attract"ve "ts "nvestment

oortun"t"esUa comared /"th cond"t"ons "n other countr"esUand the h"gher

"ts e6change rate. 3he eects o a change "n one o these actors on the current

-0
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account baance cannot be red"cted /"thout cons"der"ng the eect on the other

causa actors. For e6ame* " the .S. government "ncreases tar"s* Amer"cans

/" buy e/er "morts* thus reduc"ng the current account de"c"t. #ut th"s

reduct"on /" occur ony " one o the other actors changes to br"ng about a

decrease "n the ca"ta account surus. I none o these other actors changes*

the reduced "morts rom the tar" "ncrease /" cause a dec"ne "n

the demandor ore"gn currency (yen* deutsche mar&s* etc.)* /h"ch "n turn /"

ra"se the vaue o the .S. doar (see ore"gn e6change). 3he "ncrease "n the

vaue o the doar /" ma&e .S. e6orts more e6ens"ve and "morts cheaer*

osett"ng the eect o the tar" "ncrease. 3he net resut "s that the tar" "ncrease

br"ngs no change "n the current account baance.

Foreign %/change

3he ore"gn e6change mar&et (ore6* FG* or currency mar&et) "s a goba

decentra"Eed mar&et or the trad"ng o currenc"es. 3he ma"n art"c"ants "n th"s

mar&et are the arger "nternat"ona ban&s. F"nanc"a centers around the /ord

unct"on as anchors o trad"ng bet/een a /"de range o d"erent tyes o buyers

and seers around the coc&* /"th the e6cet"on o /ee&ends. !#Sand Reuters

dea"ng -000 are t/o ma"n "nterban& FG trad"ng atorms. 3he ore"gn

e6change mar&et determ"nes the reat"ve vaues o d"erent currenc"es.

3he ore"gn e6change mar&et "s un"4ue because o the oo/"ng character"st"cs:

"ts huge trad"ng voume reresent"ng the argest asset cass "n the /ord

ead"ng to h"gh "4u"d"ty@

-1
http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Demand.htmlhttp://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Demand.htmlhttp://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/ForeignExchange.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Broking_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Broking_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters_3000_Xtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters_3000_Xtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters_3000_Xtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidityhttp://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Demand.htmlhttp://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/ForeignExchange.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Broking_Serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters_3000_Xtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters_3000_Xtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidity


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"ts geograh"ca d"sers"on@

"ts cont"nuous oerat"on: 29 hours a day e6cet /ee&ends* ".e.* trad"ng

rom 20:15M3on Sunday unt" 22:00 M3 Fr"day@

the var"ety o actors that aect e6change rates@

the o/ marg"ns o reat"ve ro"t comared /"th other mar&ets o "6ed

"ncome@ and

the use o everageto enhance ro"t and oss marg"ns and /"th resect to

account s"Ee.

3here are a ot o "nanc"a "nstruments that are made use o* "n the Fore6

mar&et. 3hey are Sot* For/ard* Futures* S/a* +t"on* !6change 3raded und.

Spot < 3h"s "s 4u"c&est "nanc"a "nstrument o the Fore6 mar&et and tenure

o th"s "s ony t/o days. 3he transact"on haens /"th"n t/o days. It "s the most

voum"nous "nanc"a transact"on "n terms o trades rocessed. A sot "ce "s

dec"ded or settement o a currency or secur"ty and the transact"on "s cosed "n

t/o bus"ness days.

For9ard A or/ard contract "s one o the most sought ater "nanc"a

"nstruments "n the Fore6 mar&et* because r"s& can be m"n"m"Eed. #oth the seer

and the buyer agree to carry out a transact"on at a uture date and t"me and there

"s no "nanc"a e6change bet/een the art"es unt" the sec""ed date comes u.

+n the art"cuar date o the transact"on* the goods and serv"ces are brought or

sod "rresect"ve o the currency trad"ng on that day. For/ard contracts are not

"m"ted by t"me. A transact"on can be agreed to carry out on a uture date /h"ch

are a e/ days or a e/ years ater than the current date.

-2
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F5t5resK Future contracts are s"m"ar to or/ard contracts. 3he ony

d"erence bet/een a or/ard contract and a utures contract "s that* "n a utures

contract* a transact"on can be agreed to be carr"ed out at a t"me* /h"ch "s not

more than - months rom the current date. 3here "s a t"me boundary /"th"n

/h"ch the transact"on must be cosed. 3he s"Ee and the t"me er"od o the

transact"on are "6ed "n a utures contract un"&e a or/ard contract.

S9apK 3h"s "s another tye o or/ard transact"on. 'ere both the art"es

agree to do a currency s/a or a sec""ed er"od o t"me. 3hey aso agree to

reverse th"s s/a and revert to the"r or"g"na os"t"ons at a uture o"nt o t"me.

It "s not necessary that a s/a transact"on has to be carr"ed out ony "n an

e6change. It "s 8ust an agreement bet/een t/o art"es.

Option K +t"ons are r"ghts g"ven to the o/ners to e6change the"r

currenc"es to other denom"nat"on. 'o/ever "t "s ony a r"ght and not an

ob"gat"on or the o/ner to e6change h"s currency.

E=1han0e Traded F5nd K 3hey are oen ended "nanc"a "nstruments

/h"ch can be traded anyt"me dur"ng the course o the trad"ng day. 3hese

bas"cay oo/ stoc& movements or r"ce movements o reno/ned currenc"es

and then "ncrease or decrease the vaue o the"r currency based on the trend o

r"ce movements.

E1ono6i1 of $e,elop6ent

!conom"c o 7eveoment "s taught by Mr. Qa&ar"a #ahar"* $h.7 every

3hursday. 3he author e6er"enc"ng three t"mes on th"s cass /"th"n 8o"n +verseas

Academ"c $rogram (+A$) to n"vers"t" Sa"ns Maays"a. 3he three t"mes are

--


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February 21th* March >thand March 19th. Cecturer cass or the concerned sub8ect

"s conduct at ha S< 2.

#eo/ are some mater"a gave:

"eriew

!conom"c deveoment "s the deveoment o econom"c /eath o

countr"es* reg"ons or commun"t"es or the /ebe"ng o the"r "nhab"tants. From a

o"cy ersect"ve* econom"c deveoment can be de"ned as eorts that see& to

"mrove the econom"c /ebe"ng and 4ua"ty o "e or a commun"ty by

creat"ng andDor reta"n"ng 8obs and suort"ng or gro/"ng "ncomes and the ta6

base.

3here are s"gn""cant d"erences bet/een econom"c gro/th and econom"c

deveoment. 3he term Veconom"c gro/thV reers to the "ncrease (or gro/th) o

a sec""c measure such as rea nat"ona "ncome* gross domest"c roduct* or er

ca"ta "ncome. Nat"ona "ncome or roduct "s commony e6ressed "n terms o a

measure o the aggregate vaueadded outut o the domest"c economy caed

gross domest"c roduct (7$). hen the 7$ o a nat"on r"ses econom"sts reer

to "t as econom"c gro/th.

3he term Veconom"c deveoment*V on the other hand* "m"es much more.

It ty"cay reers to "mrovements "n a var"ety o "nd"cators such as "teracy

rates* "e e6ectancy* and overty rates. 7$ "s a sec""c measure o econom"c

/eare that does not ta&e "nto account "mortant asects such as e"sure t"me*

env"ronmenta 4ua"ty* reedom* or soc"a 8ust"ce. !conom"c gro/th o any

sec""c measure "s not a su"c"ent de"n"t"on o econom"c deveoment.

0ocal deelopmen!

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3he term Veconom"c deveomentV "s oten used "n a reg"ona sense as /e

(e.g.* a mayor m"ght say that V/e need to romote the econom"c deveoment o

our c"tyV). In th"s sense* econom"c deveoment ocuses on the recru"tment o

bus"ness oerat"ons to a reg"on* ass"st"ng "n the e6ans"on or retent"on o

bus"ness oerat"ons /"th"n a reg"on or ass"st"ng "n the startu o ne/ bus"nesses

/"th"n a reg"on.

In add"t"on to econom"c modes* the needs o const"tuency grous gu"de

econom"c deveoers act"ons. For e6ame* a oca econom"c deveoer /or&"ng

out o a mayors o"ce may act to/ards decreas"ng unemoyment by attract"ng

bus"nesses /"th arge abor needs (ca centers). 3he econom"c deveoer

/or&"ng or the chamber o commerce dom"nated by ban&s* rea estate agents

and ut""t"es /" recru"t manuacturers /"th arge ca"ta "nvestments (stee and

chem"ca ants). 3he econom"c deveoer /or&"ng or the state manuacturers

assoc"at"on /" obby or more /or&orce tra"n"ng money. 3he econom"c

deveoer /or&"ng or a un"vers"ty /" concentrate on bus"ness startus*

sec""cay those based on "nteectua roerty deveoed by the un"vers"ty

(b"otech).

In "ts broadest sense* econom"c deveoment encomasses three ma8or

areas:

1) $o"c"es that governments underta&e to meet broad econom"c ob8ect"ves such

as r"ce stab""ty* h"gh emoyment* e6anded ta6 base* and susta"nabe gro/th.

Such eorts "ncude monetary and "sca o"c"es* reguat"on o "nanc"a

"nst"tut"ons* trade* and ta6 o"c"es.

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44/77

2) $o"c"es and rograms to rov"de "nrastructure and serv"ces such as

h"gh/ays* ar&s* aordabe hous"ng* cr"me revent"on* and educat"ona

rograms and ro8ects.

-) $o"c"es and rograms e6"c"ty d"rected at 8ob creat"on and retent"on through

sec""c eorts "n bus"ness "nance* mar&et"ng* ne"ghborhood deveoment*

sma bus"ness startu and deveoment* bus"ness retent"on and e6ans"on*

technoogy transer* /or&orce tra"n"ng and rea estate deveoment. 3h"s th"rd

category "s a r"mary ocus o econom"c deveoment roess"onas.

%conomic deelopers

!conom"c deveoment* /h"ch "s thus essent"ay econom"cs on a soc"a

eve* has evoved "nto a roess"ona "ndustry o h"ghy sec"a"Eed

ract"t"oners. 3he ract"t"oners have t/o &ey roes: one "s to rov"de eadersh"

"n o"cyma&"ng* and the other "s to adm"n"ster o"cy* rograms* and ro8ects.

!conom"c deveoment ract"t"oners generay /or& "n ub"c o"ces on the

state* reg"ona* or mun"c"a eve* or "n ub"cr"vate artnersh"s

organ"Eat"ons that may be art"ay unded by oca* reg"ona* state* or edera ta6

money. 3hese econom"c deveoment organ"Eat"ons (!7+s) unct"on as

"nd"v"dua ent"t"es and "n some cases as deartments o oca governments. 3he"r

roe "s to see& out ne/ econom"c oortun"t"es and reta"n the"r e6"st"ng bus"ness

/eath.

"th more than 20*000 roess"ona econom"c deveoers emoyed /ord

/"de "n th"s h"ghy sec"a"Eed "ndustry* the Internat"ona !conom"c

7eveoment %ounc" WI!7%X head4uartered "n ash"ngton* 7.%. "s a nonro"t

organ"Eat"on ded"cated to he"ng econom"c deveoers do the"r 8ob more

-;


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eect"vey and ra"s"ng the ro"e o the roess"on. "th over 9*500 members

across the S and "nternat"onay* serv"ng e6cus"vey the econom"c

deveoment commun"ty. Membersh" reresents the ent"re range o the

roess"on rang"ng rom reg"ona* state* oca* rura* urban* and "nternat"ona

econom"c deveoment organ"Eat"ons* as /e as chambers o commerce*

technoogy deveoment agenc"es* ut""ty coman"es* educat"ona "nst"tut"ons*

consutants and redeveoment author"t"es. Many "nd"v"dua states aso have

assoc"at"ons comr"s"ng econom"c deveoment roess"onas and they /or&

cosey /"th I!7%.

3here "s "ntense comet"t"on bet/een commun"t"es* states* and nat"ons or

ne/ econom"c deveoment ro8ects "n todays goba"Eed /ord* and the

strugge to attract and reta"n bus"ness "s urther "ntens""ed by the use o many

var"at"ons o econom"c "ncent"ves to the otent"a bus"ness. 3here "s s"gn""cant

attent"on aced on the var"ous act"v"t"es underta&en by econom"c deveoment

organ"Eat"ons to he them comete and susta"n v"brant commun"t"es.

Add"t"onay* the use o commun"ty ro""ng toos and database temates

to measure commun"ty assets versus other commun"t"es "s aso an "mortant

asect o econom"c deveoment. Lob creat"on* econom"c outut* and "ncrease "n

ta6abe bas"s are the most common measurement toos. hen cons"der"ng

measurement* too much emhas"s has been aced on econom"c deveoers or

Vnot creat"ng 8obs.V 'o/ever* the rea"ty "s that econom"c deveoers do not

ty"cay create 8obs* but ac""tate the rocess or e6"st"ng bus"nesses and start

us to do so. 3hereore* the econom"c deveoer must ma&e sure that there are

su"c"ent econom"c and commun"ty deveoment rograms "n ace to ass"st the

->


46/77

bus"nesses ach"eve the"r goas. 3hose tyes o rograms are usuay o"cy

created and can be oca* reg"ona* state/"de and nat"ona "n nature.

Theories of %conomic Deelopmen!

%ass"ca C"bera

a. 7eveoment "s understood as econom"c gro/th and ca"ta

ormat"on. 3he &ey to econom"c gro/th /as ca"ta ormat"on.

b. 3h"s ed to an emhas"s on argescae "nrastructure ro8ects and

on ore"gn a"d oans.

c. In the VstagesV vers"on o th"s aroach* undeveoed countr"es

/ere thought o argey as Vr"m"t"veV or VearyV vers"ons o

estern count"res. Cesser 7eveoed %ountr"es needed to oo/

the attern o deveoment set by the /est. For e6ame* Ae6ander

erschen&ron and . . Rosto/.

Soc"a 3heor"es o 7eveoment

d. !mhas"Ees the "mortance o Vhuman ca"taV "n deveoment.

3he &ey to econom"c gro/th /as educat"on* heath* ert""ty* etc.e. Sh"ted concerns rom the overa rate o econom"c gro/th to

cons"derat"ons o overty* "ne4ua"ty* urban"Eat"on and other soc"a

"s.. In the Vsma "s beaut"uV vers"on o th"s aroach* some

econom"sts even 4uest"oned the des"rab""ty o econom"c gro/th.

For e6ame* !. F. Schumacher.

Structura 3heor"es

g. !mhas"Eed the cond"t"ons un"4ue to 3h"rd ord countr"es. 3he

&ey to econom"c gro/th /as recogn"E"ng that the e6er"ence o

!uroe coud be du"cated "n the conte6t o ormer coon"es.

-,


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h. Sh"ted concerns to V"mort subst"tut"on*V h"gh tar"s and

government rotect"on"sm. A Mar6"st vers"on o th"s set o theor"es

aso deveoed based on Cen"ns anays"s o coon"a"sm.". In the VdeendencyV vers"on o th"s aroach* some econom"sts

eared that the 3h"rd ord /oud regress "nto a source o ra/

mater"as or deveoed nat"ons and that the /ord economy /oud

be d"v"ded "nto a VcoreV and a Ver"hery.V For e6ame* Rau

$reb"sch.

Neocass"ca 3heor"es

8. !mhas"Ees the negat"ve roe oten ayed "n deveoment. 3he

&ey to econom"c gro/th "s ree mar&ets.&. Sh"ted concerns rom the roe o governmentUoten

cons"derabe "n structura theor"esUto r"vate "nvestment and

mar&et e"c"ency.. 3h"s set o theor"es "s currenty the most /"dey ract"ced. M.

Fr"edman "s a ma8or theor"st.

2%+ Fa1ilities in USM

SM has ac""t"es or student accommodat"on* sort"ng and recreat"on.

3he un"vers"ty oers hous"ng or aro6"matey >5 o "ts students. 3hey are

&no/n as student v"ages or hostes (desasiswa)* and they are on camus.

%aeter"as can be ound a around the un"vers"ty area.

3.5.1 De*a*i*-a/$tu+ent 0illage

3here are some desas"s/aDdorm"tory ava"abe "n SM* students /ho

study "n SM can "ve "n there. !ach dorm"tory r"ces rent can be d"erent.

#eo/ are those desas"/a:

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48/77

Aman 7ama"

#a&t" $erma"

%ahaya em"ang

Fa8ar 'araan

Indah


49/77

%ha"r@

ardrobe@

Fan* rubb"sh b"n and a broom.

$"o/s* "nen and add"t"ona cean"ng e4u"ment are not rov"ded. 3he hostes

have no &"tchen* athough ac""t"es to bo" /ater are made ava"abe. %o"n

oerated aundry mach"nes are aso ava"abe. 3here are d"erent hostes or men

and /omen.

3.5.2 )ran*portation n #$

%ommuter bus serv"ce "s reared to ease the trave o students "ns"de

as /e as outs"de camus* esec"ay rom hoste to ecture ha. 3he

serv"ce /" be ava"abe at any t"me* uness other/"se stated. #uses "n

SM /" be abeed /"th d"erent coors* /"th each resons"be or

d"erent routes. Students are adv"sed to oo& at the coor ceary beore

board"ng the bus."ELLO/

Aman 7ama" II (7esa S"s/a) K 7< S*3**=* K #a&t" $erma" (7esa

S"s/a) SM 'os"ta S< I*II*III*I=D7< A*#*% K Schoo o

Canguages* C"teracy 3ransat"on (SoCCat) K Schoo o 'ouse #u"d"ng

$ann"ng ('#$) K Schoo o Management K !ure&a K Fa8ar 'araan

(7esa S"s/a) K Aman 7ama" I (7esa S"s/a) K Aman 7ama" II (7esa

S"s/a)PURPLE

Ma"n #us Sto K Indah


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#udaya D Schoo o Arts K !ure&a K Fa8ar 'araan (7esa S"s/a) K Aman

7ama" I (7esa S"s/a) K Aman 7ama" II (7esa S"s/a) K Indah


51/77

Ragbh"

Archery

%yc"ng

Figure 3. Spor! Facili!ies

A sorts ac""t"es /" be cosed on the oo/"ng ho"days: 'ar" Raya $uasa

'ar" Raya 'a8"

%h"nese Ne/ ear

7eeava"

+thers $ub"c 'o"days

3.5.4 u*eum 'rt an+ Galeri )uan,u Fauiah

h"e author stud"ed "n SM* author had a chance to v"s"t SM

Museum. SM Museum* o"c"ay &no/n as MuE"um aer" 3uan&u

FauE"ah* "s the museum and art gaery ocated /"th"n the grounds

on"vers"t" Sa"ns Maays"a. In a s"m"ar sense as the $enang

Museumonce /as* the SM Museum comb"nes both a museum and an art

gaery /"th"n the same bu"d"ng.

MuE"um aer" 3uan&u FauE"ah /as estab"shed through a roosa

uon the ound"ng o the Schoo o 'uman"t"es "n 1?>1* and

9-
http://www.penang-traveltips.com/universiti-sains-malaysia.htmhttp://www.penang-traveltips.com/universiti-sains-malaysia.htmhttp://www.penang-traveltips.com/penang-museum.htmhttp://www.penang-traveltips.com/penang-museum.htmhttp://www.penang-traveltips.com/universiti-sains-malaysia.htmhttp://www.penang-traveltips.com/penang-museum.htmhttp://www.penang-traveltips.com/penang-museum.htm


52/77

the "ntroduct"on o a F"ne Arts $rogramme "n 1?>2. 3he estab"sh"ng o the

museum and art gaery /as underta&en by the "rst v"cechanceor o the

un"vers"ty* the ate 3an Sr" $ro. 'amEah Sendut. Much o the art"acts on

d"say at the museum /ere urchased dur"ng that t"me.

Figure 3. Member of ")

3he museum ao"nted "ts "rst curator* an Qa&ar"a an Isma"* "n

1?,1. nt" then* 3.


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SM Museum oened to the ub"c on 21 Lanuary* 1?,2. +n 1? March*

200>* "t /as "naugurated as MuE"um aer", 3uan&u FauE"ah* "n honour

o 3uan&u FauE"ah b"nt" 3eng&u Abdu Rash"d* the Ra8a $eremuan o

$er"s* /ho served as the Ra8a $erma"sur" Agong o Maays"a rom 2001 to

12 7ecember* 200;.

+n the ground oor o the SM Museum* /h"ch "s d"v"ded "nto t/o

/"ngs* the art gaery occu"ed the south /"ng. In the arcades and the north

/"ng are gaer"es d"say"ng trad"t"ona mus"ca "nstruments and co"es o

the Juran.

3he uer oor o the museum "s devoted to archaeoogy* m"n"ng

and sace e6orat"on* among others. "th"n the archaeoogy sect"on are

d"says on the var"ous archaeoog"ca s"tes "n Maays"a. In the m"n"ng

sect"on are d"agrams and d"oramas o o" r"gs* /h"e the sace e6orat"on

sect"on sho/cases mans "ght "nto sace.

2%> Effe1t of To5ris6 to Penan0!s E1ono67# En,iront6ent# C5lt5re

and Herita0e

$enang "s ocated at the North/est coast o $en"nsuar Maays"a by the

Stra"ts o Maacca. It "s the second smaest state "n Maays"a r"ght ater

$er"s. 3he name $enang "s actuay der"ved rom a tree caed $o&o& $"nang

that "s /"dey ound aong the sea s"de o $enang Isand. eneray the state

o $enang coud be sub d"v"ded "nto t/o geograh"es@ the $enang Isand and

aso the Seberang $era". $enang /h"ch "s /"dey made out o h"y

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54/77

toograhy has a "m"ted o/ and area or deveoment hence the and

recamat"on ro8ect near the coasta area.

In an average day* the temerature at th"s ace var"es rom 2> degree

%es"us to -0 degree dur"ng the day t"me /h"e the n"ght t"me rom"ses a

temerature rom 22 degree %es"us to 29. S"nce Maays"a "s ocated on the

!4uator "ne* th"s ace has a very h"gh hum"d"ty and the average annua

ra"na "s aro6"matey 2;>0 mm.

Tourism Development- Infrastructures

n"&e any other states "n Maays"a* $enang "s abeed as one o the

ead"ng dest"nat"on "n the country today and many tour"sts /ho v"s"ted

Maays"a /oud de"n"tey ant"c"ate the v"s"t to th"s very her"tage s"te. 3he

ma"n reason /hy $enang has been /here "t "s today "s ma"ny because "t aso

has a better and more deveoed "nrastructure than most o the other aces

"n the country.

eneray there are t/o stad"ums ocated at $enang or the conven"ence o

the ocas as /e as to attract tour"sts and outs"ders to ta&e art "n any sorts

event over here. 3he %"ty Stad"um or more commony &no/n as Stad"um

#andaraya $uau $"nang "s the "rst and odest stad"um /h"ch "s st" "n use u

t" today. It /as bu"t by the #r"t"sh "n 1?-2 and ever s"nce then had become

a ouar sot or any ootba matches. 3he other stad"um ment"oned "s the

$enang State Stad"um. 3h"s ne/y cometed stad"um bac& at the year 2000

has a caac"ty o 90* 000 sectators.

9;


55/77

3he ne6t cutt"ng edge des"gn "nrastructure bu"t "n $enang "s none other

than the eodes"c 7ome ocated at


56/77

Economic Impact of Tourism

3he ma"n econom"c deveoment "n $enang /oud most certa"ny re"es on

the tour"sm sector as "t turns out that th"s sector y"ed ma8or contr"but"on

to/ards the "ncome and "nanc"a gro/th o the state. #ased on the record by

the 3our"sm M"n"stry* $enang has recorded a 90 er cent "ncrease "n the

number o "nternat"ona tour"st arr"vas bet/een Lanuary and Lune th"s year

(2010). 3here /ere 905*?-2 tour"sts u t" Lune* as comared to 299*19; "n

the same er"od ast year. + the tour"st arr"vas* Indones"ans toed the "st

at over ?2*000* oo/ed by S"ngaoreans (51*-?2)* %h"na (1;*000)*

Austra"a* Laan* Cat"n Amer"ca and Ind"a (12*000 each)* n"ted States

(10*000) and M"dde !ast countr"es (1*-;0).

3he S/ettenham %ru"se 3erm"na /h"ch /as recenty redeveoment has

added an e6tra entry o"nt "nto the "sand. #ased on the stat"st"c rom $enang

!conom"cs Monthy Ar" 2010 Issue 9.10* "t states that "n year 200?* a tota

o ;,0* 000 cru"se assengers are recorded to have arr"ved "n $enang. It has

been est"mated that th"s year at east ,?0* 000 numbers o tour"sts /" turn

u. 3he average cru"se assenger sends any/here bet/een ST,5 (rm2,0)

to ST115 (rm-50) a day /hen they came on and.

Another actor that contr"butes to $enangs thr"v"ng econom"c rom the

tour"sm sector "s no doubt the 3our"sm Maays"as act"ve Ycourtsh" o the

M"dde !astern mar&et. It has been cear that 11th Setember "nc"dence "s a

s"gn""cant actor "nuenc"ng the "ncrease o M"dde !astern tour"st arr"vas

to Maays"a. 3here are ho/ever other actors such as tour"st e6enses "n

Maays"a* tour"st "ncome* trave"ng e6enses and the standard o "v"ng "n

9,


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th"s country that aect vasty on the number o tour"sts arr"vas as /e.

#ased on the /or& done by Nor"da 'an"m Mohd Saeh (2010* . ->52)*

she ment"on that* H3he "mortance o the M"dde !ast tour"sts to the

Maays"an tour"sm "ndustry can be v"e/ed rom severa "nd"cators such as

number o tour"st arr"vas* tour"sm rece"ts* the average ength o stay and

otent"a o uture tour"sm mar&et. She aso ment"oned that the average

send"ng o the M"dde !asterners have a h"gher urchas"ng o/er than other

tour"sts over here. Accord"ng to the case study* the average e6end"ture o the

M"dde !asterners /as RM-* 50- dur"ng the year 200- /hereas tour"sts rom

other aces ony sent RM2* 01-.

In genera* tour"sm has a var"ety o econom"c "mact on the $enang Isand.

A these coud be e6a"ned us"ng the Mut""er !ects 3heory. From the

/or& done by 7an"e L. Stynes (1??>* . 1119)* he ment"oned that@

3he most d"rect eects occur /"th"n the r"mary tour"sm sectors odg"ng*

restaurants* transortat"on* amusements* and reta" trade. 3hrough secondary

eects* tour"sm aects most sectors o the economy... 3he study m"ght use a

saes mut""er o 2.0 to "nd"cate that each doar o d"rect saes generates

another doar "n secondary saes "n th"s reg"on.

3h"s ceary sho/s us that tour"sm the ma"n the eect o th"s Mut""er

theory /here /"th tour"sm "t br"ngs about the deveoment o other "ndustr"es

as /e such as restaurants* sho"ng mas* and theme ar&s.

9?


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'o/ever there are st" numerous negat"ve "macts o tour"sm or $enang

Isand. For one* a country that re"es on tour"sm "ndustry aone as the"r ma"n

source o revenue coud be r"s&y and dangerous. !conom"c deendence

shoud a/ays be versat"e and arounded "n order or a state to roser and

our"sh. 3h"s "s because tour"sm bus"ness "s very seasona. 7ur"ng ea&

season* tour"st arr"vas /" "ncrease tremendousy esec"ay dur"ng the year

end er"od. %onversey the number o tour"st /" droed drast"cay dur"ng

oea& season. And th"s can ost "mmerse danger to the states /ebe"ng as

"t m"ght create a h"gh rate o unemoyment.

Environment Impacts of Tourism

It "s "mortant to understand that athough tour"sm has boosted the

econom"cs o $enang vasty but one sha never orget on the vaue o the

env"ronment and natura hab"tat o the very "sand. For /hat /e &no/* and "s

a very scarce resource "n $enang Isand. 3h"s "s ma"ny due to the act that

$enang "s argey made u o h"y toograhy and most o the o/ and area

has aready been accommodated and deveoed.

#ased on the research done by Nga" eng %han (1??,* : -05-1,)* he

aso ment"oned that the eorts at "ndustr"a"Eat"on and the deveoment o

other econom"c sectors had br"ng about the "mrovement o the states

urban"Eat"on. nortunatey th"s had aso caused greater ressure on the and

usage. As a resut* the overnment act uon on the and recamat"on as a

sout"on but "t "s st" not enough to sat"sy the h"gh demand or and "n the

"sand. At resent* many deveoers have aready resort to the rema"n"ng h"

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and and aso the recamat"on area on the "sand or the"r ne6t huge ro8ects.

!6ame o such ro8ect /oud be the aterront %"ty $ro8ect* /h"ch

reresents one o the h"ghest roort"ons o e"surebased serv"ces any/here

"n South !ast As"a. $rom"s"ng as "t may seem* th"s ro8ect /h"ch "s to be bu"t

on the --, acres o reca"med and aong $enangs eastern coast"ne /"

ma8ory "mact on the cond"t"on and status o the "sands /ebe"ng. 3o

beg"n /"th* ac"ng " "n a recamat"on area coud d"sturb the /ater 4ua"ty

o the ad8o"n"ng sea as /e as threaten"ng the our"sh"ng e6"stence o "sh

stoc&s and hab"tats ound "n coasta seas and connect"ng ochs and agoons.

Another e6ame o ro8ect bu"t /"thout the heed and cons"derat"on o the

env"ronmenta "ssues /oud be the 3an8ung #ungah suburb /h"ch "s s"tuated

bet/een eorgeto/n and #atu Ferr"ngh". 3h"s v"age /as bu"t at the h"

and areas /h"ch coud ost many dangers to the env"ronment and aso on the

"nhab"tants over there. #ased on the 8ourna /r"tten by Adr"an M. Ste"nberg

(2010* . -1,-90)* he ment"oned that* H3here are many env"ronment r"s&

by ro8ect at h" s"te areas "n 3an8ung #ungah* #atu Ferr"ngh". 3an8ung

#ungah used to be a eaceu v"age ony odged by sma grous o am""es

and "shermen. 'o/ever over the years* many huge cororate chose th"s very

sot to bu"d commerc"a bu"d"ngs or tour"sm uroses. !6ame o these

recreat"ona structures "ncudes the 3an8ung #ungah Foat"ng Mos4ue and

aso the $enang ater Sort %entres. 'ence* the 4ua"ty o the sea /ater

deter"orates due to the d"scharge o ra/ se/age and the resut"ng out"on

ma&es "t a breed"ng ground or 8ey "sh. As a resut* the sea a aong the

northern bet "s no onger su"tabe or s/"mm"ng anymore.

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$enang '" /h"ch "s another amous tour"st dest"nat"on sot "s an e6ame

o tour"sm deveoment at h" and area. Cocated h"gh above the and*

$enang '" "s erect as a ho"day sanctuary due to the breeEy and cooer

env"ronment. 3he state overnment erm"tted th"s deveoment because "t

br"ngs orth h"gher monetary and "sca o"cy to the states economy. #ased

on another case study by Nga" eng %han (1??,* . 192>)* he ment"oned

that* HMass"ve h" deveoment* esec"ay the cear"ng o vegetat"on and the

cutt"ng o h" soes /" br"ng about "ncreased and acceerated runo*

"ncreased so" eros"on and a h"gh robab""ty o ands"s and ands"des. In

the event o heavy ra"na* such as that /h"ch co"nc"ded /"th 3ro"ca Storm

Ryan on 1, Setember 1??5* ands"s and ands"des /oud occur. In act* a

tota o about ;0 ands"des /ere reorted aong roads on $enang '" and "ts

v"c"n"ty ater the heavy ra"na dur"ng the above storm. 3h"s ceary sho/s

that /"thout a roer ann"ng and rearat"on* many "nadvertent events

m"ght occur.

$aya 3erubong used to be a redom"nanty agr"cuture area. As the years

gone by* "t so/y turns "nto a /or&"ngcass ne"ghbourhood "n the centra

art o $enang Isand. #ased on a case study by Nga" eng %han (1??,* .

192>)* he ound that there "s a tota o ;0 ands"des reorted aong the roads

o $enang '" ater the destruct"ve 3ro"ca Storm Ryan /h"ch haened

bac& at 1, Setember 1??5. Cands"des not ony harm the res"dents o an area

but* "n act* "t ost tremendous dangers to motor"sts as /e. In add"t"on* "t

m"ght oute the r"ver and "n ongterm run* may resuts "n ood at o/ and

area. 3he mass"ve e6ans"on ro8ect at $aya 3erubong "s the most aarent

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e6ame o h" and deveoment at $enang /h"ch "s rather an "mus"ve and

oo"sh act"on. 3he ro8ect /h"ch mosty accentuate on hous"ng*

"nrastructure and a ne/ to/nsh" "s actuay one o the ma"n tour"st

attract"on at $enang Isand at current. Accord"ng to the Maays"an Ca/

ho/ever* h" and /"th soes o more than 20 degrees shoud be saeguard

and conserved "n "ts natura state* generay as a orest reserves. Nga" aso

stated "n h"s case study that the $aya 3erubong h" and deveoment "s a

ma8or a"ure o the state "sand by say"ng* HAccord"ng to the %onsumer

Assoc"at"on o $enang ("n "ts Ar" 1??; "ssue)* the $aya 3erubong hous"ng

ro8ect "s an "nv"tat"on to a d"saster* oss"by comar"ng the Ma8est"c 'e"ghts

as s"m"ar to the '"ghand 3o/ers /h"ch coased "n 1??-. Soon ater th"s

reort* the e6tens"ve mudo/s occurred "n eary May 1??;. %han (1??>) has

demonstrated ho/ ra"d deveoment on the h" soes o the $aya 3erubong

vaey "n $enang has g"ven r"se to ands"des* mudo/s* sed"mentat"on o

r"vers and do/nstream ood"ng.

Culture and Heritage Impacts of Tourism

!ven though the o"c"a re"g"on o the country and state "s Isam* the

res"dents "n $enang are a g"ven the reedom and r"ghts to oo/ on the"r

ersona be"es. #uddh"sm "s st" the ma"n re"g"on over here. As such* the

$erana&an or more commony &no/n as the #aba Nyonyas made 5 out o

the 2 m""on res"dents o $enang. 3he #aba Nyonya "s actuay a descendent

o the %h"nese "mm"grants /ho art"ay adot Maay customs /"th a touch

o %h"nese as /e. 3h"s made the $enang Isand r"ch /"th an abundant o

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cutures and trad"t"ons. For $enang oba 3our"sms ($3) ne/ manag"ng

d"rector +o" eo& C"ng* she e6ca"med that " she /ere to descr"be $enang as

a d"sh* she /oud go or the Ro8a&@

HA the "nd"v"dua ru"ts and vegg"es reta"n the"r "nd"v"dua"sm* and the

ro8a& sauce br"ngs everyth"ng together. 3h"s "s /hat ma&es $enang so un"4ue*

our d"vers"ty and our r"de "n be"ng $enang"tes.

3h"s ceary "nd"cates that $enang has a resence o eoe rom so many

ethn"c"t"es and re"g"ons "v"ng together "n harmony. A these coud be

reected "n the many est"v"t"es that are be"ng ceebrated throughout the year*

rang"ng rom the %h"nese Ne/ ear to the Ind"an Fest"va* 3ha"usam.

#es"des* $esta $uau $enang /h"ch "s an annua carn"va event ma&es the

c"ty a v"brant and v"vac"ous.

#es"des that* $enang "s aso amous /"th the 7ragon #oat Fest"va. S"nce

1?>?* "t has been a cuture to hod the Internat"ona 7ragon #oat Fest"va

over the 3eu& #ahang 7am. #es"des attract"ng "nternat"ona tour"sts dur"ng

the er"od o th"s event* th"s amaE"ng est"va aso strengthens and t"ghtens

the bonds bet/een the each and every c"t"Een. Another remar&abe est"va

hed yeary over th"s state /oud none other be the %h"ngay Fest"va. 3h"s

"nterest"ng event /h"ch a started bac& at 1?1? to ceebrate on the b"rthday

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eorge 3o/ns entry "nto the nesco ord 'er"tage S"tes "st"ng "s a b"g

recogn"t"on o $enangs un"4ue h"story. 3h"s b"g recogn"t"on /as decared

bac& at Luy 200,. eorge 3o/n /h"ch /as one " the "rst #r"t"sh coon"es to

be estab"shed bac& many years ago "s "ndeed "ed /"th many h"stor"ca

s"tes. #es"des that* $enang "s aso amous or many other h"stor"ca s"tes that

some even dated bac& at centur"es ago. A these actors contr"buted to the

r"s"ng numbers o tour"st arr"vas "nto the state regardess o domest"c or non

domest"c.

2%( To5rist $estination in Penan0

$enang Isand has some "nterest"ng* attract"ng and amaE"ng vacat"on ace.

#eo/ are some vacat"on ace /h"ch author v"s"ted /hen stud"ed "n SM:

3..1 e, Lo, $i

Aso &no/n as the 3eme o Sureme #"ss*


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Figure 3.4 5e6 0o6 Si Temple

3he temes construct"on began "n 1,?-* "ns"red by the ch"e mon& o

the oddess o Mercy 3eme at $"tt Street. 3he Manchu !meror

uang6u aroved o the ro8ect* besto/"ng a tabet and g"t o >0*000

voumes o the Imer"a !d"t"on o the #uddh"st Sutras. +ther %h"nese

ruers* such as '"s Ma8esty !meror


65/77

3he best t"me to v"s"t


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Soa& "n the sun or un/"nd on the beach /h"e you en8oy a host o

a4uat"c thr"s rom /"ndsur"ng to canoe"ng. For a s"net"ng"ng

adventure* try arasa""ng to en8oy the v"e/ o the beach rom the s&y.

As the sun sets* #atu Ferr"ngh" comes a"ve /"th a carn"va"&e

atmoshere /"th an oena"r baEaar se"ng anyth"ng rom ornate cur"os to

ent"c"ng souven"r "tems.

atch oca art"sans demonstrate the "ntr"cate art o cratma&"ng and

bat"& a"nt"ng. 7ubbed the Fer"nggh" a&* the baEaar oers shoers a

host o attract"ons.

3..3 enang u*eum 7 'rt Gallery

5,


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a& "nto the comound o the $enang State Museum* and you /" "rst

be greeted by a rega bronEe statue o %ata"n Franc"s C"ght* the ounder

o the $enang Stra"ts Settement* gaE"ng do/n uon you.

+nce you set oot "ns"de the museum bu"d"ng* you /" see /hy the

State Museum ocated aong Laan Far4uhar "n eorgeto/n "s reuted to

be one o the best state museums "n the country. 7"v"ded "nto gaer"es

ded"cated to $enangs h"stor"ca commun"t"es* as /e as art"cuar

h"stor"ca events that too& ace "n $enang* the museum houses a "ne

coect"on o od hotograhs* mas* h"stor"ca documents* %h"nese

urn"ture* embro"dery* costumes and other h"stor"ca re"cs.

Figure 3.8 )enang Museum r! 9 Gallery

5?


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+n the "rst oor /here the Art aery "s ocated* /or&s o oca art"sts

and a"nt"ngs o od $enang are on d"say* namey those by ""am

7an"es and %ata"n Robert Sm"th. From t"me to t"me* sec"a e6h"b"t"ons

are hed here.

3..4 enang 8ill

$enang '" "s one o $enang Isands eatured attract"ons. e &no/n

or "ts coo and resh c"mate rom the tro"ca heat o eorge 3o/n* "t "s a

ouar ho"day retreat to the ocas as /e as tour"sts. $enang '" "s aso

&no/n or "ts magn""centy sectacuar anoram"c v"e/ o eorge 3o/n*

the ma"nand* the $enang #r"dge and the Stra"ts o Maacca /h"ch can be

v"e/ed rom the $enang '" Summ"t. 3he h"* aso &no/n as #u&"t

#endera or Fagsta '"* "s ,-- m (2*>2- t) above sea eve and stands

out rom"nenty rom the o/ands as a h"y and orested area.

Figure 3.1: )enang ;ill

Access to the h" "s most en8oyabe by the $enang '" Ra"/ay* a t/o

sect"on un"cuar ra"/ay /h"ch c"mbs $enang '" rom A"r Itam. 3he

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ra"/ay /as oened to the ub"c on +ctober 21* 1?2- and the tota

8ourney ta&es about ha an hour* /"th assengers chang"ng cars at the

m"do"nt stat"on. 3he tra"n may aso sto at other "ntermed"ate stat"ons

uon re4uest or the a"ght"ng o res"dents "v"ng around the h".

Aternat"vey* there "s a 5.1 &m (-.1> m"e) tarred road ouary &no/n

as the V8ee trac&V. It "s oen ony to the veh"ces o h" res"dents. 3he

V8ee trac&V "s aso a ouar h"&"ng route. It beg"ns at the 4uarry o the

entrance o $enang #otan"c ardens and "t ta&es a t/o or three hour

e"sure h"&e to reach the to.

3he s"ghts on $enang '" "tse are a n"ce rea6"ng v"e/. #ecause o "ts

coo /eather* beaut"uy andscaed o/ers o a coours boom "n u

gory "n the gorgeous o/er garden.

Not ony are the ants resh /"th "e but the modesty t"ny b"rd ar&

s"tuated beore the entrance o the od #eevue hote "s a"ve /"th cheeru

s"ng"ng and the coouru dashes o the ayu b"rds.

#es"des that there "s a tea &"os&* severa restaurants* souven"r stas* a

mos4ue* and a '"ndu teme or v"s"tors to v"s"t. A number o "ctures4ue

bungao/s and guesthouses /ere bu"t around Fagsta '" and some are

u or rent or those /ho "ntend to stay or more than a day.

Numerous tre&&"ng tra"s ead rom var"ous start"ng o"nts "n the

o/ands to $enang '". 3he more ouar tra"s "ncude the Moongate

3ra"* tra" rom A"r Itam 7am to 3"ger '"* tra" rom 'ye


70/77

tra" rom the Mun"c"a $ar& (ormery outh $ar&). Some o the tra"s are

used by armers to transort roduces to the mar&ets o #a"& $uau and

A"r Itam. Some o the more amous "t stos at the h" are 52 and ,9. At

these "t stos* the v"e/ o "sand "s v"s"be to h"&ers /ho are abe to get

some /ater and tea reared by ocas stat"oned on the h".

$resent on $enang '" "s aso a -2 counder cannon* r"ch "n h"stor"ca

vaue. e"gh"ng 2.>5 tons. It can "re a -2 ound ba roeed by an

11C# (5&g)* gun o/der charge g"v"ng a muEEe veoc"ty o 1;00 t er

second. suay s"tuated at the o/er gun dec&* /"th a muEEe some 2 m

above /ater"ne* "t can reach the target range o 1*000 eet.

It "s made o bronEe* an aoy o coer and t"n commony used "n 1,th

and 1?th century art"ery. 3h"s cannon /as robaby transorted rom

to/n to h" as an ornament or to /arn the resence o "rates.

3he ne/ $enang '" un"cuar tra"n serv"ce has been oened to the

ub"c rom Ar" 25 ater the ugrad"ng. #eore the ugrade* the tota

8ourney uh" ta&es about ha an hour* /"th assengers chang"ng cars at

the m"do"nt stat"on. 3he tra"n may sto at other "ntermed"ate stat"ons

uon re4uest. n"&e the rev"ous tra"n serv"ce* today* the ne/ tra"n does

not re4u"re assengers to change tra"ns ha /ay u. $assengers /" have

nonsto serv"ce "n a"r cond"t"oned S/"ssmade coaches.

3he $enang '" ra"/ay has been oerat"ng s"nce 1?2-* rov"d"ng ,>

years o serv"ce unt" today. In 1?>> ne/ cars /ere rov"ded* beore the

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most recent ugrade start"ng February 2010. Ne/ cars /ere urchased to

"ncrease the assenger caac"ty as /e as the seed o the tra"n. 3oday "t "s

caabe o carry"ng u to 100 assengers at one go* and the tra"n runs

every ha hour.

;-


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CHAPTER IV

COCLUSIO

;%& Con1l5sion

Ater 8o"ned +verseas Academ"c $rogram "n SM or 1 month s"nce

February 1?thMarch 1?th* 201-* author can get a ot o e6er"ence by attend"ng the

casses and stayed "n another country. Author can get some ne/ e6er"ence and

e6and ne/ hor"Eon about educat"on and tour"sm.

Ater a the observat"on done on the "mact o tour"sm on $enang Isand*

/e ound that tour"sm has "nde"n"tey brought about many changes to the usedto

beeaceu "sand. 3he most aarent changes /oud de"n"tey be on the

env"ronment o the "sand. Noted as one o the best and most rea6"ng dest"nat"on

"n Maays"a* $enang /as once a very serene and cam"ng ace to ho"day at.

%urrenty ho/ever* many unanned and unorgan"Eed deveoment had cause

many env"ronment degradat"on.

In terms o states econom"c* there "s no doubt that tour"sm ays a ma8or

roe "n susta"n"ng the monetary o the country. 3our"sm br"ngs os"t"ve "mact on

economy by rov"d"ng more 8ob emoyment or the oca eoes.

In author ersect"ve* Indones"a "s not so ar a/ay beh"nd Maays"as

tour"sm. e can "mrove our tour"sm by soc"a eng"neer"ng and bu"d the

"nrastructure. overment has a mass"ve resons"b""ty to ta&e care both o them.

;%* S500estion or Re1o66endation

;9


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#ased on the above concus"on* /r"ter coud g"ve suggest"on as oo/s:

1. For students

Students shoud try to "mrove the"r ab""ty by e6ert"ng "deas

through +verseas Academ"c $rogram act"v"ty and "nternsh"

oered by camus management* that "s to he students "n

"mrov"ng the"r study ach"evement and obta"n e6er"ence "n

study"ng abroad. Such rogram "s very heu or students "n

rear"ng themseves or the uture and to be abe to comete "n

/or&"ng /ord.

Students shoud oo/ Student !6change and "nternsh" so that

they coud "mrove the"r anguage s&"s and to e6tend the"r soc"a

net/or&.

Students shoud oo/ act"v"t"es or rogram oered by !conomy

Facuty* such as student e6change* "nternsh"* "ed study* and

"nternat"ona conerence "n accord /"th "ts d"sc""ne so that "t

coud g"ve add"t"ona &no/edge "n d"sc""ne reated.

2. For rogram* Facuty and n"vers"ty

Suggest"on or Facuty o !conom"cs and #us"ness* #ra/"8aya n"vers"ty*

/oud be:

For rogram* acuty and un"vers"ty shoud ta&e more act"ve roe "n

"mrov"ng such rogram and rear"ng th"s rogram so that there

/oudnt be robems ater be"ng overseas.

Schoars "n Facuty o !conom"cs and #us"ness* #ra/"8aya

n"vers"ty* shoud g"ve more attent"on to/ard rograms oered to

;5


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"nternat"ona students and "mrove those rograms* or more

advance and better rogram "n the uture.

3I3LIOGRAPH"

Math"eson* A. a* . (1?,2). Tourism< %conomic+ )hysical and Social

=mpac!s. &ew 'or6< 0ongman ;ouse.

;;


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Northern Ar"Eona n"vers"ty* $ar&s Recreat"on Mgmt. =n!roduc!ion > "nline

0esson(htt:DD///.rm.nau.eduDrm-00*Accessed on Setember 2>* 201-)

McIntosh* R.. oedner* %.R. (1?,;). Tourism< )rinciples+ )rac!ices and

)hilosophies+ 5th ed. Lohn "ey Sons* Ne/ or&.

N3+. 201-. (nders!anding Tourism< -asic Glossary.

(htt:DDmed"a.un/to.orgDenDcontentDunderstand"ngtour"smbas"cgossary *

Accessed on Setember 2,* 201-)

(niersi!y )rofile.201-. +n"ne:htt:DD///.usm.myD"nde6.hDenDaboutusDusm

ro"e. (Accesed on Setember 2-* 201-)

Schoo o Soc"a Sc"ences. 201-. bou! !he School. +n"ne:

htt:DD///.soc.usm.myD"nde6.hDaboutusDourschoo. (Accesed on

Setember 2-* 201-)

$earson !ducat"on. 201-. Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign

Governments. (htt:DD///."noease.comD/ordDeadersDmaays"a.htm* Accessed

on Setember 25* 201-)

S*

201-)

;>
http://www.prm.nau.edu/prm300http://www.prm.nau.edu/prm300http://media.unwto.org/en/content/understanding-tourism-basic-glossaryhttp://www.usm.my/index.php/en/about-us/usm-%09profilehttp://www.usm.my/index.php/en/about-us/usm-%09profilehttp://www.usm.my/index.php/en/about-us/usm-%09profilehttp://www.soc.usm.my/index.php/about-us/our-schoolhttp://www.infoplease.com/world/leaders/malaysia.htmlhttp://www.myusminfo.com/desasiswa/intro/#more-603http://www.myusminfo.com/guide/sports/http://www.prm.nau.edu/prm300http://media.unwto.org/en/content/understanding-tourism-basic-glossaryhttp://www.usm.my/index.php/en/about-us/usm-%09profilehttp://www.usm.my/index.php/en/about-us/usm-%09profilehttp://www.soc.usm.my/index.php/about-us/our-schoolhttp://www.infoplease.com/world/leaders/malaysia.htmlhttp://www.myusminfo.com/desasiswa/intro/#more-603http://www.myusminfo.com/guide/sports/


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Nor"da 'an"m* RedEuan +sman* Abu 'assan Ashar" Mohd Noor* Mohd Saar

'as"m. 2010. Malaysian Tourism Demand From !he Middle %as! Mar6e!< a

)reliminary nalysis. Internat"ona Lourna o est As"an Stud"es. Maays"a

Stynes* 7an"e L.%conomic =mpac!s of Tourism.

%han* Nga" eng. 1??,. %nironmen!al ha#ards associa!ed wi!h hill land

deelopmen! in )enang =sland+ Malaysia< some recommenda!ions on effec!ie

managemen!. M%# $ Ctd. Maays"a

;,


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