TAIPEI 101, taipei, taiwan

Taipei 101

Height: 508 m (1,667 ft) Floors: 101 Floor area: 193,400 sq m (2.08 million sq ft) Total weight: 700,000 tons Construction time: 1999 to 2004 Crew: 2,000 workers Cost: $1.8 billion It was the world's tallest building from 2004 until 2010, when it was surpassed by Dubai's Burj Khalifa. Taipei 101 is still considered the tallest green building in the world for its innovative and energy-saving design. It also has the worlds fastest elevators, which ascend at speeds of 16.83 meters per second (55.22 ft/s).

Taipei 101 Taipei 101 is home to scores of tenants including communications companies, banks, motor companies, consulting groups, and financial companies. Some notable tenants include: Google Taiwan on the 73rd floor, L'Oreal' -- the world's largest cosmetic company, and the Taiwan Stock Exchange. The tower is also home to a library, fitness center, a shopping mall, and all the expected retail and restaurant chains. Perhaps most interesting of Taipei 101's inhabitants is Summit 101 -- an exclusive VIP club situated on the 101st floor of the tower. Aside from once being listed in the tower brochure, the club is shrouded in secrecy and is unreachable via the regular elevators. Despite widespread publicity and millions of visitors a year that come to see the tower, no one is really sure what goes on up there!

TAIPEI, TAIWAN

Challenges height typhoon weak clayey soils

frequent strong earthquakes Winds

therefore it has some of the most innovative safety precautions of anything ever built, requiring a challenging combination of strength and flexibility.

CONSTRUCTION

FOUNDATION One of the most stable buildings ever constructed. It took 8 months just to analyze the soil samples from the building site and a further 15 months to prepare the foundations. Approximately 700,000 tons of earth was removed whilst laying the foundations for 101, which is equal to the weight of the building itself. The foundation consists of a 23,000 cubic meter concrete slab sitting on top of 382 steel reinforced concrete piles driven 262 feet into the ground. Each pile is 5 feet in diameter and can withstand a load of 1100-1450 tons, that is 2,900,000 pounds each.

Double stair step corners

The original design exhibited some worrisome patterns when run through a wind simulator, severe enough to necessitate a design change.

the solution is practically invisible; the edges were given a double stair step design, almost like the fluting of Greek columns.

those redesigned edges reduce the potentially dangerous oscillations caused by high winds by about 30-40%, allowing the structure to stand, even under the force of relentless typhoons.

BRACED MEGAFRAME Skyscrapers must be flexible in strong winds yet remain rigid enough to prevent large sideways movement. Flexibility prevents structural damage while resistance ensures comfort for the occupants and protection of glass, curtain walls and other features. The design achieves both strength and flexibility for the tower through the use of high-performance steel construction. The central core of the building is connected to 8 extremely strong super-columns by a network of horizontal outrigger trusseS. Thirty-six columns support Taipei 101, including eight "mega-columns" packed with 10,000 psi (69 MPa) concrete.[14] Every eight floors, outrigger trusses connect the columns in the building's core to those on the exterior.

One of Taipei 101s most famous engineering features is its tuned mass damper. A tuned mass damper, also known as a harmonic absorber, is a device mounted in structures to reduce the amplitude of mechanical vibrations. Their application can prevent discomfort, damage, or outright structural failure. Its essentially a giant pendulum, which swings in the opposite direction of the sway of the building, preventing it from swaying too far But it doesnt just swing back and forth on its suspension cables; its hydraulically controlled so its movements correspond precisely with the movement of the building, rather than swinging freely. Thornton-Tomasetti Engineers along with Evergreen Consulting Engineering designed a 660-tonne (728-short-ton) steel pendulum that serves as a tuned mass damper, at a cost of NT$132 million (US$4 million).

TUNE MASS DAMPER

Suspended from the 92nd to the 87th floor, the pendulum sways to offset movements in the building caused by strong gusts.

TUNE MASS DAMPER

IT IS the largest damper sphere in the world. Two additional tuned mass dampers, each weighing 6 tons (7 short tons), are installed at the tip of the spire which help prevent damage to the structure due to strong wind loads.

SYMBOLISM

Numbers The 101 in the name refers to the number of floors, as well as the idea of renewal, going 1 step beyond the traditionally complete number of 100; it also represents the new year, which occurs on 1/01, as well as representing the digital language of binary. The eight upside-down trapezoidal sections are split into eight floors each; the number eight symbolizes prosperity and good fortune in Chinese cultures, and it also represents going past the end of a seven-day week, thus representing renewal once again. Eight also represents a single byte, which is composed of eight bits.

Colors

As mentioned, the slight green tint of the windows is meant to further mimic the appearance of bamboo, which is a symbol of growth. In the evening, the tower displays one of the seven colors of the rainbow, a symbol of renewal, while also corresponding to the seven days of the week (and providing color-coded reminders to forgetful people).

Time The building itself is a giant sundial, casting a shadow over the adjoining park, which allows residents on the appropriate side of the building to estimate the time.

Classical Chinese elements The buildings eight trapezoidal sections mimic several forms; a multi-sectioned stalk of bamboo, which is also why the windows are tinted green, and the SYCEE, an ancient Chinese form of currency, while also resembling an upside-down pagoda. They do not, as is often believed, represent Chinese takeout boxes. This is merely a happy coincidence. The giant circular protrusions on each side are actually based on ancient Chinese coins, which had a section cut out in the center so they could be tied together on strings. The curly decoration on each of the eight subsections represents the RUYI, an ancient ceremonial scepter, which symbolizes strength and good fortune.

STACK OF CHINESE SYCEE BAMBOO

RUYI

SUBMITTED BY BHAWNA JOSHI

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