Tail Strikes: Prevention

7/28/2019 Tail Strikes: Prevention

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Ta Stres:pv

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ths :

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vv ss.

taiL strikes: an overview

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s s s $12 s

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( s) hh h

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747-400s v ss ds vds

s v ss, whh hs

dd h vd ss

h s. th

747-400 hs w ss h

h 747-100/-200/-300.

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b Capt. Dave Carbah, Chef Pot,

Fht Operatos Safet


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in tHiS inciDent, tHe creW maDe an error

anD calculateD takeoFF Data incorrectly.

tHiS reSulteD in an early rotation.

mOST TAil STRikES

OCCuR whEn ThE

TAil O An AiRplAnE

STRikES ThE gROund

duRing lAnding And

ARE pREvEnTAblE.

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h l ll l l hm, h m l l m. Eh m, h h l mB 777 ml, h h bbl .


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f s sshd h ds

s h . i ss, b

s xd h ds

f s d ds, s

w s sswd s d ds (s

f. 1). c - s d ds

s vd (s f. 2).

causes and prevention

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h s d , d:

msd s.

i hs.

i s h h d.

r V:

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s.

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h .

ths s d s

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sf d ), d:

nora taeo rotato tecqe. F

d s, h ss shd

h s s s h cg/wh d

d . F s ss, h s

s ssv d .

Rotat at te arorate te. r

s ss d ss .

Rotat at te roer rate. D xssv xssv d.

us correct taeo v sees. b s

djs hs sd d

wh hd d

s ds

sd s.

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dd s ds.

use te roer aot o aero

ws v .

D , bl m f

blh h l h l. I ll B mmll m xh f l, ll

l. C - l ll.

TyPiCAl TAil

ClEARAnCE FOR

EnginES-OuT

TAkEOFF

re 2

Mde fap lit

Attitude (deg)

Minimum Tai

Cearance [inches (cm)]

Tai Strike

Pitch Attitude (deg)

747-400 10, 20 10.6 34 (86) 12.5

we oerat t a ee ae at v1 t oy 75 ercet o trst aaae

or a or-ee arae or 50 ercet o trst aaae or a to-ee

arae, ta cearace s rece. i tere s a cross, te aero/

soer saceet rter rece ta cearace. i a cases,

eter oerat oe-ee or to-ee cofrato r te rotato,

a aerae rate o rotato aoe at s recoee rter rece

ta cearace.



. t ss d s

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s h w h ,

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s h h s d d:

usd h.

Hd h w h .

mshd sswds.

ov d -d.

ths h d h h

s d d d:

m sd V + 5

s d h h h

sfd sd.

th shd s ;

d h hdw. D hd h

xssv sh d.

us h dd/

d sswd hs d d.

id d

hdw, s h ss

h wh d h s wh

h w.

D w h d s

hdw.

D s d

hd h s h d.

Ss h s h h s

-d. i s h h wh

h -ds wh dd

wh v ss.

operations in strong, gusty winds

t s dd d s d

s s wds d sswds s

h ss d h s,

ss. Wh v s, hs ss

sf (s fs. 3 d 4).

ax w s , b vsd

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s (Fctm) dsd s sss d ss

d s d s wds. th b Fctm

ds h ws s hs ss hh

h h d. th s hh

hs s ds h d w

h d s h xs

s ds d , , ,

d .

ps ss d

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wds s sswds, d:

m d d h s.

as sd s d h (wh

s ss d s ), s

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dsd .

avd h d h

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d h vw s ds.

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h sd

sw vss s , s h

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0

125

150

200

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0

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0

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150

200

RADIO

ALTITUDE

(FEET)

TAKEOFF

AIRSPEED #1

(KNOTS)

TAKEOFF

AIRSPEED #2

(KNOTS)

PITCH

ATTITUDE

(DEGREES)

PITCH

RATE

(DEG / SEC)

ELEVATORDEFLECTION

(DEGREES)

CONTROL

WHEEL POSITION

(DEGREES)

TAil STRikE COMPARiSOn

Figure 3

Ts s a coarso o a ora taeo a a ta stre

taeo sty cotos. note tat taeo #2 sers

a 9- to 10-ot arsee oss r te rotato. Te tc

attte creases at a creas rate t te ta stre.

Ts s rary e to te cote eeator crease

eecto r rotato.

Take #1 (Nrma)

Take #2 (Tai Strike)

Grund speed



i, h h d,

h s , vd h d

s . eh sw

s . m ss

wh js h s .

training recoMMendationsand preventive Measures

t ss vd. th s vs v s h

s d d ds.

th ss h d

h ws h v ss.

m:

es ss d vs sss

d d hs d

d vs.

m s v h s

hh ss, fs, vds,

-sd , d h s

whh v b Fd Sv

svs.

m s s v h s s d ds

d s d vs d

vd d ws.

us s-s s

h s (s cw s).

es h h ss

s sd s v dv.

C:

adh d d hs.

nv ssd-h h

d, s sh ds h.

cd s h wh

(zFW) h Fh m c

wh h w . D-h

d wh h d sh. i (w)

zFW s hv sd sf ss.

kw hv d hx d h sds.

Wh s sd s, ws d

s h.

b w h ds w ds

d s, s wh s

h .

i s s, w h hs.

AFT BODy ClEARAnCE

BREAkDOWn

Figure 4

gees tat reate to boe araes so tat

arsee oss, atera cotro eecto, a reater ta

aerae tc rate, a a ax tc rate excess

o 4 erees er seco a cotrte to rece ta

cearace ars. Te ers cae, t te cocets

o tre or oter oes.

* i te ax tc rate to te ot o cotact as

ess ta 4.0 e/sec, te aerae tc rate correctos

are se. i te ax tc rate to te ot o

cotact as aoe 4.0 e/sec, te te ax tc

rate correcto so e se. i a cases, oy oe

eto or te oter s eoye.

or tese creets, te reatos os or ot

oste a eate cotrtos, .e., as

to see y 1 ot os te at oy

cearace y 2.8 ces, a eac 0.1 e/sec o aerae

tc ratew 2.5 e/sec os at oy

cearace y 2.8 ces.

factr

Incrementa Dierence

rm Nmina

Reductin in

At Bdy Cearance

asd ss eh 1 w h sd =2.8 hs

-cl s eh 0.1 (-cl) s =14 hs

ph *

eh/o

av h 10 ds h d

eh 0.1 d/s h vh v 2.5 d/s =2.8 hs

mx h eh 0.1 d/s v 4.0 d/s =1.3 hs


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cw s shd -

. cws

d s, h xss

d s s s sswds.

Hw h w s d s h h

h d w s d d h ss s.

ev w shd hv d

d dsss h h. F x:

th w shd vw

sswd ds d h-

s s s wds.

th (pF) shd vw h

s h d wh h

(pm).

th pm shd sd vss

h pF d d

sd s d h hs h d.

i h fs f s h ,

h shd h d

d d dvs d

d v.

oh hs d s-

s ss h vds h

v d d. i h s wh

2 ds s,

s vdd h w h sv

d. as h hv dd hs

hv hd sf ds s s.

P m. b s v

dv s vv ss.

S 777s hv w dd s h

h v ss: h s-vd

d s .

B 777 m-l m .

bs h vs j h wh h

s h h ws h

, h s-vd s s w

sh dw . ths ws

hh h d h s

h s h d. a

hd s vds h vd hs

sd . ahh dsd

s , h ss vdssd h s wh d

hs s d s.

B 777 l .

t v h vd ss

h d d. th s -

d (tSp cmD) s sd wh h

s v d. th

tSp cmD s d s 10 ds, whh

ws h v s s, dsd,

h h . th s h

tSp cmD s d xssv sd

v hshd sd ,

d xssv ss h sd h

w, v ss hshd. D

hshds sd d d. th

tSp cmD s d d s dws . tsd hh d

d d ss, h

d, h , v sd, d h h

w h d d h

sd . a f s sd

vd sh d hh

ss. pvss dd

h d h wd s wh h

s wh s h d.

suMMary

t ss v. i sdd -

ds wd b ds,

h h ss s dd. th

dd hs d ss wh

d s sswds d s

wds. t s h v s

th hs s

ss b d s. F

, c. Dv ch

dv..h@..

C mm hl b l . C ml

, l h x . H h l m h h mh b l h l l . E hlh l h h

Tail Strikes: Prevention

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