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Transcript of Tag Stress In The Workplace Presentation1
STRESS IN THE WORKPLACESTRESS IN THE WORKPLACE
Douglas L. Griest, Ph.D. Douglas L. Griest, Ph.D.
Management Psychology GroupManagement Psychology Group
Peter Thomas, Ph.D.Peter Thomas, Ph.D.
Private PracticePrivate PracticeMarch 3, 2010March 3, 2010
Presentation ObjectivesPresentation Objectives
To provide an overview of the following:To provide an overview of the following:
1. What is Stress?1. What is Stress?
2. How does it affect us?2. How does it affect us?
3. The effect of the current economic 3. The effect of the current economic turndownturndown
4. How can we cope with stress as 4. How can we cope with stress as individuals and as organizations? individuals and as organizations?
Measure Your StressMeasure Your Stress
DOLPHIN STRESS DOLPHIN STRESS TESTTEST
On the next slide is a picture of two dolphins, which On the next slide is a picture of two dolphins, which appear normal when viewed by a stress-free individual. appear normal when viewed by a stress-free individual.
This test is not accurate enough to pick up mild stress This test is not accurate enough to pick up mild stress levels. levels.
If there is anything that appears different about the If there is anything that appears different about the dolphins (ignore the fact of the slight color differences) dolphins (ignore the fact of the slight color differences) it is often an indication of potential stress related it is often an indication of potential stress related problems. problems.
Differences, if any, may also indicate the source of Differences, if any, may also indicate the source of your stress. your stress.
Measure Your StressMeasure Your StressDOLPHIN STRESS TESTDOLPHIN STRESS TEST
INSTRUCTIONSINSTRUCTIONS
Sit upright and view the screen head-on, take a deep Sit upright and view the screen head-on, take a deep breath, breathe out and then look directly at the breath, breathe out and then look directly at the picture on the next slide. picture on the next slide.
If you notice anything out of the ordinary, you should If you notice anything out of the ordinary, you should consider taking things a little easier.consider taking things a little easier.
If you see anything other than two If you see anything other than two dolphins, dolphins, take a few days off and unwind…take a few days off and unwind…
The Definition of Stress
Identifying StressorsIdentifying Stressors
What are some of the things that What are some of the things that cause stress for people?cause stress for people?
These things are called “stressors”.These things are called “stressors”.
Stressors are different from one person to Stressors are different from one person to another.another.
NOT ALL STRESS IS BADNOT ALL STRESS IS BAD
Eustress = Positive stressEustress = Positive stress
Stress in these circumstances is pleasurable Stress in these circumstances is pleasurable even though it involves placing physical even though it involves placing physical and mental stress on the body. and mental stress on the body.
ExamplesExamples: Exercise, successful completion : Exercise, successful completion of a challenging task. of a challenging task.
ResultsResults: Enabled concentration, increased : Enabled concentration, increased performance, motivation and energy. performance, motivation and energy.
BUT SOME STRESS IS…BUT SOME STRESS IS…
Distress = Negative stressDistress = Negative stress
The type of stress usually referred to in everyday The type of stress usually referred to in everyday conversation; conversation; “I’m stressed out!” “I’m stressed out!”
Examples: Heavy workload, infrequent rest Examples: Heavy workload, infrequent rest breaks, long work hours; hectic and routine breaks, long work hours; hectic and routine tasks that have little inherent meaning, little tasks that have little inherent meaning, little sense of control over outcomes. sense of control over outcomes.
Results: Loss of motivation, reduced Results: Loss of motivation, reduced effectiveness, physical, mental, and behavioral effectiveness, physical, mental, and behavioral problems. problems.
Performance
Stress
Low --
Too little stress+
Too much stress
High +STRESS – PERFORMANCE CURVE
Understanding Your Core Understanding Your Core PersonalityPersonality
andandHow Personality Relates to How Personality Relates to
StressStress
Core Personality and its Core Personality and its Relation to StressRelation to Stress
The Five Factor ModelThe Five Factor Model
(Big 5)(Big 5)
Core Personality and its Core Personality and its Relation to StressRelation to Stress
SociabilitySociability
EmotionalityEmotionality
ConscientiousnessConscientiousness
AgreeablenessAgreeableness
Openness to ExperienceOpenness to Experience
What is Stress?What is Stress?
Stress can be interpreted in a Stress can be interpreted in a variety of ways: variety of ways:
PsychologicallyPsychologically: As a state of : As a state of anxiety produced when events anxiety produced when events and responsibilities exceed one’s and responsibilities exceed one’s coping abilities. coping abilities.
HELP ME!
What is Stress?What is Stress?
Stress can be interpreted in a Stress can be interpreted in a variety of ways: variety of ways:
PhysicallyPhysically: Increased heart rate, : Increased heart rate, blood pressure, rapid breathing, blood pressure, rapid breathing, and sweating. and sweating.
What is Stress?What is Stress?
Stress can be interpreted in a Stress can be interpreted in a variety of ways: variety of ways:
EmotionallyEmotionally: Depression, anger, : Depression, anger, fatigue, fright, worry, and even fatigue, fright, worry, and even elation.elation.
What is Stress?What is Stress?
Stress can be interpreted in a Stress can be interpreted in a variety of ways: variety of ways: BehaviorallyBehaviorally: :
Overeating or loss of Overeating or loss of appetiteappetite
Impatience Impatience
Change of sleep patternChange of sleep pattern ProcrastinationProcrastination
Alcohol and drug abuseAlcohol and drug abuse Increased Increased smokingsmoking
Withdrawal or isolation Withdrawal or isolation from othersfrom others
Neglect of Neglect of responsibilityresponsibility
Behaviorally at work
• Absenteeism• Accidents• Poor morale• Impaired cognitive functioning• Poor decision making• Lower creativity• Burnout• Workplace violence• Poor job performance
APA’s Stress in America APA’s Stress in America SurveySurvey
On-line survey of 1791 adults with an On-line survey of 1791 adults with an oversample of 243 residing in Atlantaoversample of 243 residing in Atlanta
Survey averaged 26 minutes in lengthSurvey averaged 26 minutes in length
Survey conducted between June 2008 Survey conducted between June 2008 and and
August 2008August 2008
Key FindingsKey Findings
36% of Atlanta workers vs. 30 % nationally 36% of Atlanta workers vs. 30 % nationally rated their stress level as extreme (8,9,or rated their stress level as extreme (8,9,or 10 on a 10 point scale)10 on a 10 point scale)
During periods of high stress Atlanta During periods of high stress Atlanta residents reported levels equal to residents reported levels equal to national average (7.1 Atlanta, 7.0 national average (7.1 Atlanta, 7.0 nationally)nationally)
Nearly 3 in 10 Atlantans said they had Nearly 3 in 10 Atlantans said they had managed their stress poorly in past managed their stress poorly in past monthmonth
Key FindingsKey Findings
While 50% of Atlanta workers say they While 50% of Atlanta workers say they would recommend their workplace to would recommend their workplace to others (44% nationally), 37% were others (44% nationally), 37% were intending to seek new employment intending to seek new employment vs. 32% nationallyvs. 32% nationally
51% of Atlantans mention lack of 51% of Atlantans mention lack of growth or advancement opportunity growth or advancement opportunity vs. 43% nationallyvs. 43% nationally
Key FindingsKey Findings
38% of Atlantans mentioned commuting having 38% of Atlantans mentioned commuting having a significant impact on work stress vs. 31% a significant impact on work stress vs. 31% nationallynationally
81% nationally say they manage stress well vs. 81% nationally say they manage stress well vs. 73% of Atlantans with 27% saying they 73% of Atlantans with 27% saying they handled stress poorly.handled stress poorly.
Nevertheless 20% of Atlantans say stress level Nevertheless 20% of Atlantans say stress level has decreased in past year vs. 14% nationally has decreased in past year vs. 14% nationally (this does not taken into account the recent (this does not taken into account the recent downturn.downturn.
Stress in AtlantaStress in Atlanta
More people in Atlanta identify as More people in Atlanta identify as significant stressors:significant stressors:
1. Money (80% vs. 72% nationally)1. Money (80% vs. 72% nationally)
2. Relationships (68% vs. 59% nationally)2. Relationships (68% vs. 59% nationally)
3. Housing costs (56% vs. 47% 3. Housing costs (56% vs. 47% nationally)nationally)
4. Personal safety (42% vs. 31% 4. Personal safety (42% vs. 31% nationally)nationally)
Other common stressors in Other common stressors in AmericaAmerica
The economyThe economy
Family responsibilitiesFamily responsibilities
Family Health problemsFamily Health problems
Personal Health problemsPersonal Health problems
Job stabilityJob stability
How Atlantans Handle How Atlantans Handle StressStress
Spend time with friends and Spend time with friends and family family (52% vs. 41%)(52% vs. 41%)
Pray Pray (45% vs. 37%)(45% vs. 37%)
Play sports Play sports (18% vs. 9%)(18% vs. 9%)
Get a massage Get a massage (15% vs. 9%)(15% vs. 9%)
American Stress ReducersAmerican Stress Reducers
Atlanta Nation vs. AtlantaAtlanta Nation vs. Atlanta
1. Listen to music (52% vs. 52%)1. Listen to music (52% vs. 52%)
2. Exercise or Walk 2. Exercise or Walk (47% vs. 48%) (47% vs. 48%)
3. Read (44% vs. 47%)3. Read (44% vs. 47%)
4. Watch TV/Movies 2 hrs. plus4. Watch TV/Movies 2 hrs. plus (41% vs. 45%) (41% vs. 45%)
5. Nap5. Nap (38% vs. 40%) (38% vs. 40%)
6. Video games/surf net)6. Video games/surf net) (37% vs. 38%) (37% vs. 38%)
7. Eat7. Eat (34% vs. 37%) (34% vs. 37%)
8. Hobbies8. Hobbies (30% vs. 34%) (30% vs. 34%)
American Stress ReducersAmerican Stress Reducers
Atlanta Nation vs. Atlanta Nation vs. AtlantaAtlanta
9. Religious services9. Religious services (21% vs. 24%)(21% vs. 24%)
10.Alcohol 10.Alcohol (18% vs. 18%)(18% vs. 18%)
11.Shop11.Shop (18% vs. 22%)(18% vs. 22%)
12. Smoke12. Smoke (16% vs. 17%)(16% vs. 17%)
13. Do nothing13. Do nothing (8% vs. 12%) (8% vs. 12%)
14. Meditation/Yoga14. Meditation/Yoga (8% vs. 6%) (8% vs. 6%)
15. See mental health prof. 15. See mental health prof. (7% vs. 6%) (7% vs. 6%)
16. Gamble16. Gamble (4% vs. 2%) (4% vs. 2%)
Stress in the WorkplaceStress in the Workplace
Sense of Powerlessness Sense of Powerlessness
a. Helplessnessa. Helplessness
b. Hopelessnessb. Hopelessness
c. Unfairnessc. Unfairness
Poorly defined job descriptionPoorly defined job description
Being a “Square Peg in a Round Hole”Being a “Square Peg in a Round Hole”
Traumatic Events on the jobTraumatic Events on the job
Stress due to the Physical Environment Stress due to the Physical Environment
The Effects of Stress The Effects of Stress on the Bodyon the Body
Can damage the brain & impair memory Can damage the brain & impair memory
Raises blood pressureRaises blood pressure
Stimulates the production on inflammatory Stimulates the production on inflammatory hormones that can:hormones that can:
a. contribute to plaque in the arteriesa. contribute to plaque in the arteries
b. increase risk of heart diseaseb. increase risk of heart disease
b. aggravate painful jointsb. aggravate painful joints
Trigger symptoms of irritable bowel syndromeTrigger symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome
The Effects of Stress The Effects of Stress on the Bodyon the Body
Damage the DNA of immune system Damage the DNA of immune system causing early aging.causing early aging.
Aggravate diabetesAggravate diabetes
Destroy relationships at:Destroy relationships at:
a. homea. home
b. workb. work
c. playc. play
A Healthy Workplace A Healthy Workplace PromotesPromotes
Employee InvolvementEmployee Involvement
Health and SafetyHealth and Safety
Employee Growth and DevelopmentEmployee Growth and Development
Work-Life BalanceWork-Life Balance
Employee RecognitionEmployee Recognition
Benefits of a Benefits of a Psychologically Healthy Psychologically Healthy
WorkplaceWorkplacePromotes employee health and well-being while Promotes employee health and well-being while
enhancing Organizational performanceenhancing Organizational performance
Rewards the employer and employee alike even Rewards the employer and employee alike even in tough economic timesin tough economic times
Some of the ways this is accomplished are Some of the ways this is accomplished are through Employee participation in decision-through Employee participation in decision-making, Skills training, Leadership making, Skills training, Leadership development, Flexible work arrangements, & development, Flexible work arrangements, & Promotion of healthy life style and behavior Promotion of healthy life style and behavior choices choices
APA Psychological Healthy APA Psychological Healthy Workplace AwardsWorkplace Awards(http://www.phwa.org)(http://www.phwa.org)
Five organizations received this award in Five organizations received this award in 2009 and found:2009 and found:
1. They had an 11% turnover rate1. They had an 11% turnover rate
compared to the national rate of 39%compared to the national rate of 39%
2. Only 25% vs. 39% nationally 2. Only 25% vs. 39% nationally
experienced chronic work stressexperienced chronic work stress
APA Psychological Healthy APA Psychological Healthy Workplace AwardsWorkplace Awards
3. 85% vs. 61% nationally were satisfied3. 85% vs. 61% nationally were satisfied
with their jobwith their job
4. 87% vs. 44% nationally would4. 87% vs. 44% nationally would
recommend their organization torecommend their organization to
others as a good place to workothers as a good place to work
5. 5% vs. 32% were seeking employment5. 5% vs. 32% were seeking employment
elsewhereelsewhere
APA Psychological Healthy APA Psychological Healthy Workplace AwardsWorkplace Awards
Separately these organizations reported:Separately these organizations reported:
1. A 34% reduction in absenteeism and1. A 34% reduction in absenteeism and
a third fewer sick daysa third fewer sick days
2. An average tenure of 8 yrs. with 93%2. An average tenure of 8 yrs. with 93%
saying they felt job was important to saying they felt job was important to
company and 91% saying they carecompany and 91% saying they care
about their organizationabout their organization
APA Psychological Healthy APA Psychological Healthy Workplace AwardsWorkplace Awards
3. Lower accident and injury rates3. Lower accident and injury rates
4. Lower need to hire temporary 4. Lower need to hire temporary
replacementsreplacements
It is estimated (APA 2009) that 60% of It is estimated (APA 2009) that 60% of patients visiting their primary care patients visiting their primary care physician do so for a mental health physician do so for a mental health issue. issue.
Timely and early interventions can Timely and early interventions can speed recovery, allowing a faster return speed recovery, allowing a faster return to full daily functioning.to full daily functioning.
More focused medical benefits More focused medical benefits targeting mental health issues coupled targeting mental health issues coupled with Healthy Psychological workplace with Healthy Psychological workplace practices can lower work stress and practices can lower work stress and increase productivity. increase productivity.
Coping with StressCoping with Stress
ABC STRATEGY ABC STRATEGY
ABC STRATEGYABC STRATEGY
A = AWARENESSA = AWARENESS
What causes you stress?What causes you stress?
How do you react?How do you react?
ABC STRATEGYABC STRATEGY
B=BALANCEB=BALANCE
There is a fine line between There is a fine line between positive and negative stresspositive and negative stress
How much can you cope with How much can you cope with before it becomes negative?before it becomes negative?
ABC STRATEGYABC STRATEGY
C = CONTROLC = CONTROL
What can you do to help yourself What can you do to help yourself combat the negative effects of combat the negative effects of
stress?stress?
Learn techniques to deal with stressLearn techniques to deal with stress
How to Manage StressHow to Manage Stress
Stress Management
Strategies
Remove the
stressor
Withdraw from the stressor
Change stress perceptions
Control stress consequences
Receive social support
Stress Management TechniquesStress Management Techniques
Remove the stressor
Flexible work timeFlexible work time
Job sharingJob sharing
TelecommutingTelecommuting
Personal leave programsPersonal leave programs
Childcare supportChildcare support
Stress Management TechniquesStress Management Techniques
Go to a room and relax (even if it’s Go to a room and relax (even if it’s the restroom)the restroom)
Take a day off Take a day off
Go on a vacationGo on a vacation
Withdraw from the stressor
Stress Management TechniquesStress Management Techniques
Change your perception of the Change your perception of the situationsituation
Use humorUse humor
Engage in mental simulationEngage in mental simulationThis can help reduce the uncertainty of This can help reduce the uncertainty of
future work activitiesfuture work activities
Set personal goals for yourself Set personal goals for yourself
Change stress perceptions
Stress Management TechniquesStress Management Techniques
Cognitive behavioral strategiesCognitive behavioral strategies
Self-reinforceSelf-reinforce
S-R Model S-R Model
Use positive self-talkUse positive self-talk
Change stress perceptions, cont’d.
Stress Management TechniquesStress Management Techniques
Physical exercisePhysical exerciseResults in lowered respiration, muscle Results in lowered respiration, muscle
tension, heartbeat, and stomach aciditytension, heartbeat, and stomach acidityRelaxation and meditationRelaxation and meditationBetter nutrition and regular sleepBetter nutrition and regular sleepCounseling services (Employee assistance Counseling services (Employee assistance
programs – EAPs, and/or therapists)programs – EAPs, and/or therapists)These people can help you overcome personal These people can help you overcome personal
or organizational stressors and adopt more or organizational stressors and adopt more effective coping mechanismseffective coping mechanisms
Control stress consequences
Stress Management TechniquesStress Management Techniques
Progressive relaxation training Progressive relaxation training (PRT)(PRT)
MeditationMeditation
Control stress consequences
Stress Management TechniquesStress Management Techniques
Ask for support from co-workers, Ask for support from co-workers, supervisors, family, friends, and supervisors, family, friends, and others.others.
Social support refers to one’s Social support refers to one’s interactions with others as a means of interactions with others as a means of obtaining emotional or informational obtaining emotional or informational support to buffer the stress experiencesupport to buffer the stress experience
Receive social support
WRAP UP THOUGHTS
To Do’s and Don’t Do’s
•Response oriented thinking rather than Cause oriented thinking
•Give up the “Blame Game”
•Give up the “Just World” hypothesis
•Reframe the situation
•Don’t ignore emotions but also don’t emphasize them
•Plan, clarify, and find direction
•Stay focused
•Reset expectations to be successful
•Rely on friends and family for support
•Focus on the positive
•Look for ways to have fun
• Innovate – the old isn’t working
•Exercise
•Eat healthy
•Moderate alcohol
•Don’t smoke
•Seek help if you feel overwhelmed