Tactile and Advanced Computer Graphics Module 6...

Tactile and Advanced Computer Graphics Module 6 Introduction to Photoshop

PROFITT Curriculum Module #6 – Introduction to Photoshop

Graphic Design Module 6-1

Tactile and Advanced Computer Graphics Module 6

Introduction to Photoshop

Summary

Goal(s): Navigate the Adobe Photoshop interface and edit raster images using basic tools. SMART Objectives: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-sensitive By the end of this module, students should be able to:

GD6.1: Set-up a document and identify the uses of basic tools. GD6.2: Create complex compositions using layers. GD6.3: Manipulate images using layer masks. GD6.4: Manipulate the size of an image and transform the shape. GD6.5: Select and adjust colors.

Instructor:

Delivery Method(s): Lecture Hands-on lab Group work

Length: 8.5 Hours

Any Applicable Business and/or Soft Skills? Business Skills: Additional

Corresponding NLS Lesson #?

Take Away Message(s): Transcribers-in-training will be introduced to Adobe Photoshop and learn basic functions of the program for further practice.



Instructor Preparation

Title of Module: Introduction to Photoshop

The intent of the graphic design modules is to emphasize to transcribers-in-training how

to communicate information in the most effective way. These principles will be applied

when creating a number of projects using the Adobe Creative Suite.

Agenda – topics to be covered in the module and length of each item

Topic: Introduction to Photoshop Time Allotted: 8.5 hours

A. Photoshop Fundamentals (1.5 hours)

B. Layers (1.5 hours)

C. Masking (1.5 hours)

D. Scale, Resample, and Crop (1 hour)

E. Transform (1.5 hours)

F. Color (1.5 hours)

Materials & Supplies – items needed in order to carry out the agenda and classroom activities

1. Computer loaded with Adobe Photoshop, connected to a projector

2. Creating a New Document in Photoshop (6.A.1)

3. Sample Photo 1 (6.A.2)

4. Introduction to Basic Tools (6.A.3)

5. Introduction to Layers in Adobe Photoshop (6.B.1) video

6. Layers (6.B.2)

7. Sample Photo 2 (6.B.3)

8. Scale, Resample, and Crop (6.D.1)

9. Image HiRes (6.D.2)



10. Image LoRes (6.D.3).

11. Transformations Assessment (6.E.1)

12. Color (6.F.1)

Classroom Preparation – steps to follow when setting up the learning environment

1. The graphic design modules are developed for instructors to demonstrate the

applications on a computer connected to a projector so students can follow along.

Students should then be given time to practice what they have seen by working

independently on computers loaded with the applications.



Curriculum Content

A. Photoshop Fundamentals (1.5 hours)

Objective GD6.1: Set-up a document and identify the uses of basic tools.

PREINSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES

Discuss the objectives for this module. Facilitate a discussion of Adobe Photoshop

reminding students of the primary uses of the application.

CONTENT PRESENTATION AND LEARNER PARTICIPATION

Allow students to sit at a computer loaded with Photoshop. Have students open the

program and create a new document (File>New). Discuss various options when setting up

a new document including Size, Resolution, Color Mode, and Background. Use Creating a

New Document in Photoshop (6.A.1) as a guide and distribute to the students.

Discuss how to import a photograph (File>Place) and demonstrate using Sample Photo

1 (6.A.2). Make adjustments to the size and placement. Double click on the photo to

place it. When a photograph is placed, it maintains a link with the original file. In order to

edit the image, this link needs to be broken by rasterizing it. Demonstrate how to do this

by right clicking on the layer in the Layers palette and selecting Rasterize.

Note: When an image is placed into a document, the size of the photograph adjusts for

resolution. If the resolution of the photograph is low and the documents resolution is high,

the photograph will appear smaller then the original. The inverse is also true.

Review the Toolbox and explain some of the most common tools including Move, Hand,

Zoom, Eyedropper, Brush, Erase, Marquee Selection, Crop, Type, and Selected

Colors. Give a brief demonstration of each tool using the sample photo when necessary.

Distribute Introduction to Basic Tools (6.A.3).

Provide time for students to practice importing and making basic manipulations.

ASSESSMENT



Identify the function of the following: Move Tool, Hand Tool, Zoom Tool, Eyedropper Tool,

Brush Tool, Erase Tool, Marquee Selection Tool, Magic Wand Tool, Crop Tool, Type Tool,

and Selected Colors.

B. Layers (1.5 hours)

Objective GD6.2: Create complex compositions using layers.


Ask transcribers-in-training to open a new document and place Sample Photo 1 (2.A.2).

Have everyone label the sides of the photo (left, right, top, bottom) by writing with the

Brush Tool.

When everyone is finished, ask students how they would remove the word left. Discuss

how this is difficult to do since the word has been painted directly on top of the

photograph. There is no simple way to adjust the words or original photograph without

beginning again and losing work.

Explain to students they are now going to learn how to make adjustments to their

document in a way that makes editing easier, saving time and difficulty.


Explain to transcribers-in-training one key feature of Photoshop is the ability to work on

layers. Using layers allows for the creation of complex compositions that are still easy to

edit.

Show the Introduction to Layers in Adobe Photoshop (6.B.1) video.

Review the Layers palette using Layers (6.B.2) as a guide and demonstrate how to

implement and manipulate layers.

ASSESSMENT

Open a new document and import Sample Photo 2 (6.B.3). Manipulate the image using

the text and brush tools to create an interesting composition. Change the order of the

layers, adjust the layout of the content on each layer, and play with transparency. Use at

least five layers.



C. Masking (1.5 hours)

Objective GD6.3: Manipulate images using layer masks.


Define and discuss masking as a way to hide sections of a layer without permanently

deleting it. The background of a photograph can be removed with the eraser but it will be

gone for good. With a mask, you have the option to bring it back at anytime. Think of it

like placing masking tape on top of the photograph. You can peel the tape away when you

want to expose more and add more tape when you want to hide more.

Review how to add a mask by clicking on the desired layer in the Layers palette and

selecting the Mask icon. A second thumbnail will appear linked with the first. Use the

paintbrush (paint with black and white) to hide and reveal the photo. It is important to

adjust the hardness of the brush. Often, images are slightly fuzzy on the edges (because

they are made up of pixels) so using a brush with a hardness of 100 will make the image

look unnatural. Note: To delete a layer mask, click on the thumbnail and drag it to the

garbage can.

ASSESSMENT

Remove the background of Sample Photo 1 (6.A.2) using a mask.

D. Scale, Resample, and Crop (1 hour)

Objective GD6.4: Manipulate the size of an image and transform the shape.


Discuss the vocabulary scale, resample, and crop using the handout Scale, Resample,

and Crop (6.D.1) as a guide. Explain these are different ways to change the size of a

photograph. It is important to understand the differences and when to use each as they

give different results.

Demonstrate opening the Scaling window (Image>Image Size). Discuss Resample Image

and the link between size and resolution. Review resolution with students and stress the

importance of resolution in a quality image. Compare Image HiRes (6.D.2) and Image

LoRes (6.D.3). Demonstrate how to look at the image's actual pixels (View>Actual

Pixels) to get a sense of how pixilated the image will appear when printed.



Demonstrate dragging a low-resolution image onto a canvas set with a higher resolution.

Note how the image automatically scales to have a higher resolution making the

dimensions of the image appear smaller.

Discuss resampling as a way to increase the resolution of an image without decreasing the

size. Define interpolation. Stress the importance of making sure image quality is

maintained.

Demonstrate the Crop Tool. Allow time for students to practice resizing, resampling, and

cropping.

ASSESSMENT

Define the following: Scale, Constrain Proportions, Resample, Interpolation, and Crop

E. Transform (1.5 hours)

Objective GD6.4: Manipulate the size of an image and transform the shape.


Lead students in a discussion of the Transform function in Photoshop. Transform is a way

to manipulate an image. Unlike scaling, resampling, and cropping, the entire document

will not change; only the image on the selected layer will be affected. Manipulations

include scale, rotate, skew, distort, perspective, warp, rotate, and flip.

Demonstrate each manipulation by going to Edit>Transform. Note: students should

always be conscious of how manipulations change the quality of an image, for example,

scaling too large will make the image pixilated.

Explain that Free Transform (Edit>Free Transform or Ctrl + T) allows multiple

transformations to be made at once. Consider how these transformations may be helpful

when creating tactile graphics.

ASSESSMENT

Using Sample Photo 1 (6.A.2), recreate the manipulations made in the

Transformations Assessment (6.E.1).



F. Color (1.5 hours)

Objective: Select and adjust colors.


Facilitate a discussion of colors and how they are mixed to gauge students' prior

knowledge. If possible, demonstrate mixing the primary paint colors to make secondary

colors. Review RGB and CMYK.


Demonstrate different ways to change the Foreground and Background color. Use Color

(2.F.1) as a guide and distribute to the students.

Define and discuss color related vocabulary including hue, saturation, brightness, and

contrast.

Discuss making color adjustments. Image>Adjustments opens a menu with many ways to

manipulate colors in images. Demonstrate how to adjust Brightness/Contrast,

Hue/Saturation, and Color Balance. Consider how these manipulations may be helpful

when creating tactile graphics. (For example, making images darker so they are easier to

trace) Provide time for students to practice the various ways to select and save a color.

Open Sample Photo 1 and review the Channels Palette (located next to the layers palette).

An RGB photo is made up of multiple layers, one red, one green, and one blue.

Demonstrate making adjustments to each layer to show how the photograph is affected.

The color layers can be adjusted individually which gives more control when editing an

image. This becomes advanced very quickly so, at this stage, students should just be

aware of channels and what they are.

ASSESSMENT

Define hue, saturation, brightness, and contrast. List two methods to select colors and two

methods to adjust colors in images.



Tactile and Advanced Computer Graphics Module 6 Introduction to Photoshop Handouts

PROFITT Curriculum Module # 3 – Scanning and Tactile Graphics in Microsoft Word


Graphic Design Module 3

Scanning and Tactile Graphics in Microsoft Word

Summary

Goal(s): Transcribers-in-training will learn the basics of scanning files for manipulation in design programs, as well as the foundations of creating an electronic tactile graphic for reproduction on a ViewPlus Tiger embosser. SMART Objectives: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-sensitive By the end of this module, students should be able to: GD3.1: Realize the value of using the computer. Utilize ABBYY FineReader 10 to scan and recognize text to save to Microsoft Word and to save images to TIFF format. GD3.2: Configure the standard page layout of a graphic page using and become familiar with the tools required for creating tactile graphics in Microsoft Word 2010. GD3.3: Create simple shapes, grids, and graphs to emboss. Comprehend the value of electronic tactile graphics, but realize the importance of interpretation and judgment in the process.

Instructor(s): Braille Instructor Tactile Graphics Instructor Delivery Method(s): Lecture Experiential Activities Length: 6 hours Any Applicable Business and/or Soft Skills? Adaptability, creativity, resourcefulness.

Corresponding LOC Lesson #

Take Away Message(s): Advancing technology is pushing braille and tactile graphics into electronic formats. Transcribers-in-training will gain skills and software knowledge required to render simple tactiles using the computer, and at the very least, create a foundation for further collage. Transcribers-in-training will utilize the information previously acquired to discern the most effective methods for creating graphics.

PROFITT Curriculum Module # 6 – Introduction to Photoshop


Important things to consider:

What is the size? Preset sizes are included and geared towards the end use of the work (to be viewed in print, on the computer, etc.). Use the Preset and Size drop down menus or type the correct dimensions into the Width/Height boxes.

What is the resolution?Resolution is “a measure of the sharpness of an image… expressed as the total number or density of pixels in the image.” (Merriam Webster)

Photoshop measures pixels per inch (ppi). Images which will be viewed onscreen require lower resolution (72ppi). Images to be printed need a higher resolution (200-300ppi). A higher resolution=more pixels=a larger file size.

Creating a New Document in Photoshop (6.A.1)

File> New opens this dialogue box:





Summary







Note: For the best quality when printing, the image must be used at 100% or smaller; thus it is better to scan with a high resolution and, if needed, downsample (decrease the size) later. What is the color mode?There are several color mode options but we will focus on two: RGB and CMYK. The color mode can always be changed later (Image> Mode) but it is best to begin with the correct setting.

RGBAn additive color system mixing red, green and blue light. Everything on screen is RGB.

Note: RGB can look different on different screens. For example, images look darker on a PC then a Mac. Desktop printers sometimes use RGB but generally colors look different as printers use ink, not light, to create color.

CMYKA subtractive color system mixing cyan, magenta and yellow ink. (The K stands for key.) This is the color mode most printers use. These colors are almost exact opposites of RGB:

Note: In theory, cyan, magenta and yellow mix to make black. However, it is not ususally pure enough which is why printers include black as a 4th color.

What about the rest?For beginning purposes, everything else can be left as is.

In short:For work that will be viewed on a screen: Set the resolution to 72ppi / Color mode RGBFor work that will be printed: Set the resolution to 300ppi / Color mode CMYK

Creating a New Document in Photoshop cont. (6.A.1)

The Toolbox (5.D.2)

Move Tool

Zoom Tool

Default Foreground/ Background ColorsForeground / Background color

Quick Mask Mode





Summary











Summary







Introduction to Basic Tools cont. (6.A.3)

MOVE TOOL

Move an object or entire layer around. If an area is selected, only the selection will move. If nothing is selected, the entire layer will move.

With the Move Tool selected, click and hold down the mouse while moving to the de-sired location. Or, move a little at a time using the arrow keys.

Keyboard shortcut: Hold Ctrl

HAND TOOL

Navigate around a page when zoomed in with the Hand Tool.

With the Hand Tool selected, click and hold to move around the page. A nice feature of the hand tool is it is possible to activate it by holding down the spacebar. When the spacebar is released, the tool you were last using will still be selected.

Keyboard shortcut: H or Spacebar

EYEDROPER TOOL

The Eyedropper Tool is one way to select a color.

If you want to select a color that has already been used or pick a specific color out of a photo, select the Eyedroper. Simply click the desired color and the foreground color will change. To change the background color, hold Alt.

Keyboard shortcut: I

ERASER TOOL

The Eraser Tool erases whatever pixels the brush is dragged over.

Like the Brush Tool, the size and hardness of the Eraser can be adjusted. This tool usually erases to transparency.

Keyboard shortcut: E





Summary








SELECTED COLORS

This shows the colors currently selected for the foreground and background.

In this case, the foreground is black and the background is white. By clicking on the arrow, the foreground and background colors can be switched.

The smaller boxes show the default color selections (black and white). Clicking on this will automatically switch to these colors.

One way to change the selected color is by double clicking on either the foreground or background box.

ZOOM TOOL

The Zoom Tool is used to view the page at different distances.

When the Zoom Tool is selected, it will automatically zoom in. This is indicated by the plus sign. To zoom out, hold Alt while clicking. A negative sign will appear and the screen will zoom out. Double click the magnifying glass icon to make the document the actual size.

An alternative way to zoom in and out is by clicking Ctrl + + and Ctrl + - . This will not change the tool selected and thus can save time switching tools. Ctrl + 0 will fit the document to the screen.

BRUSH TOOL

The Brush Tool paints on top of the selected layer in the foreground color.

To make adjustments to the brush, right click on the document when the tool is selected. You will be able to change the size (number of pixels) of the brush, as well as the hardness (how crisp the edges look).

Note: For an alternative line, hold the Brush Tool button down until the selection menu appears. Chose the Pencil Tool.

Keyboard shortcut: B





Summary








TYPE TOOL

The Type Tool is used to add text. To add text, select the tool, click and hold down while dragging the mouse, then release. A box will appear where information can be added. If the box is too small, drag the sides or corners to make it larger. Note: Each text box will automatically appear on its own layer.

Basic changes (like font family and size) can be made using the dropdown menus on the Property Bar.

Keyboard shortcut: T

MARQUEE SELECTION TOOL

The Marquee Selection Tool is used to select a specific area. A rectangle, elliptical, or a single row of pixels can be selected. Simply select the tool and drag over the desired area while holding the mouse. Once an area is selected, any adjustments made will only affect the selection. Note: hold the Shift key to make the rectangle a square and the elliptical a circle. To deselect, click Select>Deselect or Ctrl + D.

Keyboard shortcut: M

CROP TOOL

The Crop Tool is a way to quickly select any area and delete everything outside the selection. Using this tool will change the dimensions of the document but the size of the cropped area and resolution will not be altered (as it would be if the document was resized). To crop an area, select the Crop Tool and drag over the desired area while holding the mouse. When the mouse is released, the selected area will be highlighted and the area that will be discarded is darkened. Clicking within the highlighted area allows you to move the selection. The size of the selection can also be adjusted by clicking on the sides and moving them in and out. When the selection is correct, double click in the highlighted area. To cancel cropping, hit the Esc key.

Keyboard shortcut: C





Summary








MAGIC WAND TOOL

The Magic Wand Tool is used to select a particular area of a photograph.

With the Magic Wand Tool selected, click on an area. This can be a quick way to select and alter one part of an image, like the background. However, the selection is not very exact, so additional more precise editing may be needed.

Keyboard shortcut: W

STEP BACKWARD/FORWARD

To undo, select Edit>Step Backward. To Redo, select Edit Step Forward.

Alternately, the History Palette can be used. Click a step back to undo the previous action. Note: You can only move back a certain number of steps. Keyboard shortcut: Alt + Z (step backward) or Alt + Ctrl + Z (step forward)





Summary







Layers are different images stacked one on top of each other so they can be edited separately. Think of it like this: To begin, you have a background layer. On top of this, a piece of glass is placed with an image of a tree. On top of this is another piece of glass with the word tree. All of these layers form your composition.

Layers allow you to create complex compositions while maintaining the ability to easily edit without altering the original image.

Layers are managed using the Layers Pallet which looks like this:

Pictured are three layers.

• The background is white. It is automatically locked (note the little padlock icon) so it cannot be moved or have any effects applied. The background can be made into a normal layer by double clicking on the thumbnail.

• Layers 1 and 2 are blank layers. The gray checkerboard shows the layer is transparent.

To rename a layer, double click slowly on the words Layer 1. To adjust the order of the layers, simply drag them up or down until they reach the correct position.

Layer Effects:A layer effect changes the appearance of a layers content, for example adding a shadow. Once applied, they are represented below the layer with a ‘f.’ Multiple effects can be added to one layer. Effects can also be copied and applied to another layer. Experiment with the effects to learn what each does. Remember; do not get carried away adding effects. Generally, it is better when it is not obvious that the image has been altered.

Shortcuts:To switch which layer is selected, select the Move Tool. Ctrl + click on an object on the drawing canvas in the desired layer. Now you will be able to work on that layer.

Layers (6.B.1)





Summary







1) The thumbnail is a small picture of the layer. 2) Clicking on the eye icon hides the selected layer. It is not gone, just invisible. Click the box again to make it visible. 3) Drag a layer to the trash can icon to delete it. Layers can also be deleted by selecting a layer and clicking on this icon. 4) Click on new layer to make a new blank layer. Or, to make a copy of a layer, drag the selected layer over this icon and release. 5) Organize layers into folders by clicking this icon. Drag and drop desired layers into the folder. 6) Adjustment layers allow changes to be made to a layer (such as adjusting colors) without altering the original. These changes can be undone at anytime. 7) Hide part of an image without altering the original using a layer mask. 8) Special effects can be added using layer styles. 9) Click on this icon to link layers. This allows changes to be made to all of the linked layers at the same time. 10) Blending modes “change the way layers interact with each other.” (photoshopcafe.com) 11) Click on the arrow and a slide bar appears allowing adjustment of the layer opacity. The opacity is like transparency; 100% means nothing can be seen beneath the layer, 0% means the layer is completely see through. 12) Fill layers are like adjustment layers but they do not affect the layers below. 13) Check this to lock the layer so no changes can be made. 14) Check this to prevent moving the layer. 15) Checking this locks the pixels so the layer cannot be drawn on. 16) Check this to maintain transparency. Paint can only be applied to parts of the layer that are not transparent.

Review the main features of the layers palette below:

Layers cont. (6.B.1)

12

3456789

10 1112

1314

1516





Summary







Scale

Scale means to resize an image.

To determine an image’s size, open it in Photoshop and select Image>Image Size which will open this dialogue box:

1) Scale Styles- Keeps layers on unflatened images in place so they are resized with the image

2) Constrain Proportions- Maintains width/height proportions

3) If Resample Image is unchecked, resolution and dimensions stay linked. This means as resolution is lowered, the document size increases and when the document size decreases, the resolution increases. The image size has not really been altered.

Resample

Resampling is a way to increase the resolution of an image. It should be used only as a last resort as the image’s quality will decrease. A process known as interpolation happens, wherein Photoshop decides where to place additional pixels.

Note: When enlarging an image, select Bicubic Smoother in the dropdown menu. When reducing, select Bicubic Sharpener. Increase by small percentages so Photoshop will have more information as it guesses where to place pixels.

Crop

Unlike scaling and resampaling an image, croping is used to select an area of an image and remove everything else. The dimensions of the image will become smaller but the size and resolution of the selected area will not change.

Select the Crop Tool and select the desired area. When the mouse is released, the selected area will be highlighted and all that will be discarded is darkened. Clicking within the highlighted area allows you to move the selection. The size of the selection can also be adjusted by clicking on the sides and moving them in and out. When the selection is correct, double click in the highlighted area. To cancel cropping, hit the Esc key.

Note: Scaling, resampling, and cropping will affect all layers of the document, not just the selected layer.

Scale, Resample, and Crop (6.D.1)





Summary







Transformations Assessment 6.E.1

Recreate the following manipulations using Sample Photo 1 (6.A.2)

Scale

Rotate

Skew

Distort

Perspective

Warp





Summary







Ways to pick a color:

1) Clicking on the foreground in the tool bar will open the Color Picker dialogue box:

• Select a color with the rainbow slide bar in the center.

• The saturation and brightness of that hue are shown in the box on the left.

• The current color and new selection are shown in rectangles on right.

• On the right, you can input exact values in HSB (Hue, Saturation, and Brightness), Lab (lightness, channel A, and channel B), RGB, and CMYK.

Color (6.F.1)

2) Select the Colors Palette.

• The color balance is shown so you can make subtle adjustments to the color.

• To change the color mode, select the icon in the top right corner of the palette and pick from the dropdown list.

3) Select the Swatches Palette. Chose from the pre-existing colors or save your own.

• Use the Swatches Palette to save a color. This can be done by opening the color in the Color Picker Dialogue box and selecting Add To Swatches.

• To delete a swatch, drag it into the garbage icon.

Tactile and Advanced Computer Graphics Module 6...

Documents

Transcript of Tactile and Advanced Computer Graphics Module 6...