Table of Contentsedge.rit.edu/edge/R13900/public/Tylers Folder/PRP Appendix.pdf · Active Parking...
Transcript of Table of Contentsedge.rit.edu/edge/R13900/public/Tylers Folder/PRP Appendix.pdf · Active Parking...
PRP Appendix
Table of ContentsFull Page Project Description...........................................................................................1Skills Checklist.................................................................................................................2Sensor Benchmarking......................................................................................................4Project Concept Methods.................................................................................................5Analysis Topics.................................................................................................................7Faculty Advisee Forms.....................................................................................................9Map of Lot N....................................................................................................................11
!Active Parking Space Monitoring MSDI: Winter 2012 MSDII: Spring 2012 Project Description: This project is founded on a desire for both high visibility of senior design on campus and to facilitate the commuter’s desire to easily identify lots with vacancies. This project tasks the team with designing an active monitoring system capable of tracking the available parking spaces of one lot at RIT. This system will employ sensors at the entrances/exits of a parking area to determine occupancy. The system will be a pilot program for future installments around RIT and will begin by monitoring Lot N (one inlet/outlet). This monitoring system will be responsible for tracking the overall lot occupancy, indicating the number of spots available or if the lot is full. The system must be capable of presenting this data to the commuter easily without distraction and be modular enough for future deployment in other lots around campus. The system ideally should run independently from the electrical grid at RIT and be field-programmable for lot capacity, data logging, and operation.
Tentative MSD Team: Primary Customer
• Randy Vercauteren – Director of Parking, Transportation, & Building Services o Collects Parking Data at RIT o Heavily Interested in Parking System
! For Easy Data Collection (Automated car counter instead of by hand) ! Commuter Ease (Directing Commuters)
Anticipated Team Requirements
• ME (2): Main Structure Design (Alignment and Leveling Systems), Lot Indication Structure & Electronics Structures • EE (2): Design of Sensing System, Design of Data Management System, Design of External UI • CE (1): System Integration and Control, Exterior Interfacing
Feasibility
• Benchmarking has shown first project concept can come in under $500 budget (IR Sensors) • Research indicates that a potential beam-breaking solution is possible with OTS components should other designs fail
Challenges/Robustness
• Needs to monitor/correct for count error • Must be able to remain stationary on multiple surfaces & remain level (for beam breaking) • Must determine the difference between a car vs. a pedestrian • Must remain operational in adverse weather conditions
Functional Decomposition
!
!
Concept!Solution!
1""
Appendix"(PRP):"""Skills"Checklist"!Project"Name"(tentative):""" Active"Parking"Space"Monitoring""Checklist"Completed"by"(name):"""
"Tyler"Ludwig"
"For$each$discipline,$indicate$which$skills$or$knowledge$will$be$needed$by$students$working$on$the$associated$project,$and$rank%the%skills%in%order%of%importance$(1=highest$priority).$$You$may$use$the$same$number$multiple$times$to$indicate$equal$rank.$"Mechanical!Engineering!!2" 3D"CAD" " Aerodynamics"" MATLAB"programming" " CFD"2" Machining"(basic)" " Biomaterials"2" Stress"analysis"(2D)" " Vibrations"" Statics/dynamic"analysis"(2D)" " Combustion"engines"" Thermodynamics" " GD&T"(geometic"dimensioning"&"tolerancing)"" Fluid"dynamics"(CV)" " Linear"controls"" LabView"(data"acquisition,"etc.)" " Composites"" Statistics" " DFM"" " " Robotics"(motion"control)"1" FEA" " Composites"" Heat"transfer" " Other:"" Modeling"of"electromechanical"&"fluid"systems" " Other:"3" Fatigue"&"static"failure"criteria"(DME)" " Other:"" Specifying"machine"elements" " ""Reviewed"by"(ME"faculty):""" !"Industrial!&!Systems!Engineering!!" Statistical"analysis"of"data"–"regression" " Shop"floor"IE"–"methods,"time"study"" Materials"science" " Programming"(C++)"" Materials"processing"–"machining"lab" " "" Facilities"planning"–"layout,"material"handling" " DOE"" Production"systems"design"–"lean,"process"
improvement"" Systems"design"–"product/process"design"
" Ergonomics"–"interface"of"people"&"equipment"(procedures,"training,"maintenance)"
" Data"analysis,"data"mining"
" Math"modeling"–"linear"programming),"simulation" " Manufacturing"engr."" Project"management" " DFx"YY""Manuf.,"environment,"sustainability"" Engineering"economy"–"ROI" " Other:"" Quality"tools"–"SPC"" " Other:"" Production"control"–"scheduling" " Other:"!Reviewed"by"(ISE"faculty):""" !
2""
!Electrical!Engineering!"3" Circuit"design:"AC/DC"converters,"regulators,"
amplifier"ckts,"analog"filter"design,"FPGA"Logic"design,"sensor"bias/support"circuitry"
" Digital"filter"design"and"implementation,"DSP"
3" Power"systems:"selection,"analysis,"power"budget"determination"
1" Microcontroller"selection/application"
" System"analysis:"frequency"analysis"(Fourier,"Laplace),"stability,"PID"controllers,"modulation"schemes,"VCO’s"&"mixers,"ADC"selection"
" Wireless"protocol,"component"selection"
2" Circuit"build,"test,"debug"(scopes,"DMM,"function"generators)"
" Antenna"selection"(simple"design)"
1" Board"layout"(some"students)" " Communication"system"front"end"design"" MATLAB"(some"proficiency)" " Algorithm"design/simulation"2" PSpice" " Embedded"software""design/"
implementation"" Programming:"C,"Assembly"(some!proficiency)" " Other:""" Electromagnetics"(shielding,"interference)" " Other:"" " " Other:""Reviewed"by"(EE"faculty):""" !"Computer!Engineering!"2" Digital"design"(including"HDL"and"FPGA)" " Wireless"networks"" Software"for"microcontrollers"(including"Linux"and"
Windows)"" Robotics"(guidance,"navigation,"vision,"
machine"learning,"and"control)"1" Device"programming:""Assembly"language,"C" " Concurrent"and"embedded"software"" Programming:""Java,"C++" " Embedded"and"realYtime"systems"" Analog"design" " Digital"image"processing"" Networking"and"network"protocols" " Computer"vision"" Scientific"computing"(including"C"and"MATLAB)" " Network"security"" Signal"processing" " Other:""" Interfacing"transducers"and"actuators"to"
microcontrollers"" Other:"
" " " Other:"""Reviewed"by"(CE"faculty):""" !!"""
Pow
er R
equi
rem
ent
Ope
ratio
nal T
ime
Ope
ratio
nal R
ange
Cost
Accu
racy
(Obj
ectiv
e)O
pera
tiona
l Bar
riers
Com
plex
ity (1
-3, 3
be
ing
com
plex
)Ad
vant
ages
Disa
dvan
tage
s
IR B
eam
Sen
sor C
ount
ing
http
://w
ww
.cha
mbe
rs-e
lect
roni
cs.c
om/C
ar_c
ount
er_R
BX7C
4 AA
Lith
ium
Bat
terie
s2
Year
s40
feet
-
Lim
ited
to
com
puta
tiona
l aw
arne
ss o
f wha
t br
oke
the
beam
Wea
ther
1Lo
w p
ower
tran
smitt
ter &
reci
ever
- 2
units
http
://w
ww
.traf
x.ne
t/TR
AFx_
Infr
ared
_Tra
il_Co
unte
r.pdf
3 AA
bat
teris
3 ye
ars
20 fe
et$3
95
Dete
cts w
arm
obj
ects
th
at b
reak
the
beam
, fa
ir ac
cura
cy
One
sens
or, w
ill d
etct
hu
man
s2
Low
pow
er, l
ong
life
Shor
t dist
ance
Mag
neto
mer
Cou
nter
s
http
://w
ww
.cha
mbe
rs-e
lect
roni
cs.c
om/A
utom
ag_c
ar_c
ount
er.p
df
8 D
batt
erie
s/12
vol
t Le
ad A
cid
Batt
ery
80 d
ays/
3 M
onth
s10
feet
-O
nly
dete
cts f
erro
us
obje
ctDi
stan
ce2
Bett
er v
ehic
le
dete
ctio
n ac
cura
cyHi
gher
pow
er
requ
irem
entt
http
://w
ww
.traf
x.ne
t/TR
AFx_
Vehi
cle_
Coun
ter.p
df
2 C
batt
erie
s1
year
16 fe
et$4
00
Onl
y de
tect
s fer
rous
ob
ject
Dist
ance
2N
ot se
nsiti
ve to
w
eath
er, b
ette
r ve
hicl
e de
tect
ion
Low
redi
us o
f det
ectio
n
Ultr
ason
ic C
ount
ers
http
://w
ww
.libs
tock
.com
/pro
ject
s/vi
ew/7
/ultr
ason
ic-p
arki
ng-lo
t-car
-cou
nter
8-16
Vol
tsPo
wer
ed1-
3 fe
et$7
0-$1
00Go
od,
Dete
cts e
very
thin
g,1
One
uni
tN
o di
ffere
ntia
tion
betw
een
obje
cts
http
://w
ww
.apo
geek
its.c
om/u
ltras
onic
_par
king
_sen
sor.h
tm
12V
Car B
atte
ryDe
signe
d as
pow
ered
0-5
ft$3
2 Go
odM
eant
for u
se o
n ve
hicl
es fo
r par
king
as
sisat
nce
2Lo
w c
ost
No
diffe
rent
iatio
n be
twee
n ob
ject
s
Potential)Sensing)Solutions)
Passive)Infrared)Detectors))
Passive infrared detectors can supply vehicle passage and presence data, but not speed. They use an energy sensitive photon to measure the infrared energy emitted by objects in the detector’s field of view. Passive detectors do not transmit energy of their own. When a vehicle enters the detection zone, it produces a change in the energy normally measured from the road surface in the absence of a vehicle. The change in energy is proportional to the absolute temperature of the vehicle and the emissivity of the vehicle’s metal surface (emissivity is equal to the ratio of the energy actually emitted by a material to the energy emitted by a perfect radiator of energy at the same temperature). The difference in energy that reaches the detector is reduced when there is water vapor, rain, snow, or fog in the atmosphere. For the typical distance of traffic monitoring applications with this type of detector, these atmospheric conditions may not produce significant performance losses.
Active Infrared Detectors
The most popular types of active infrared detectors use a laser diode to transmit energy in the near infrared spectrum, a portion of which is reflected back into the receiver of the detector from a vehicle in its field of view. Laser radars can supply vehicle passage, presence, and speed information. Speed is measured by noting the time it takes a vehicle to cross two infrared beams that are scanned across the road surface a known distance apart. Some laser radar models also have the ability to classify vehicles by measuring and identifying their profiles. Other types of active infrared detectors use light emitting diodes (LEDs) as the signal source.
Ultrasonic Detectors
Ultrasonic vehicle detectors can be designed to receive range and speed data. However, the most prevalent and low-cost ultrasonic detectors are those that measure range to provide vehicle passage and presence data only. The ultrasonic Doppler detector that also measures vehicle speed is an order of magnitude more expensive than the presence detector. Ultrasonic detectors transmit sound at 25 KHz to 50 KHz . These frequencies lie above the audible region. A portion of the transmitted energy is reflected from the road or vehicle surface into the receiver portion of the instrument and is processed to give vehicle passage and presence. A typical ultrasonic presence detector transmits ultrasonic energy in the form of pulses. The measurement of the round-trip time it takes for the pulse to leave the detector, bounce off a surface, and return to the detector is proportional to the range from the detector to the surface.
Passive Acoustic Detectors
Vehicles produce acoustic energy or audible sound from a variety of sources within the vehicle and from the interaction of the vehicle’s tires with the road surface. Arrays of acoustic microphones are used to pick up these sounds from a focused area within a lane on a roadway. When a vehicle passes through the detection zone, the signal-processing algorithm detects an increase in sound energy and a vehicle presence signal is generated. When the vehicle leaves the detection zone, the sound energy decreases below the detection threshold and vehicle presence signal is no longer generated, thus indicating a count.
Magnetometer Detector
Vehicles are comprised of ferrous metals, thus can be detected by a magnetic field. A magnetometer measured the magnetic field and can detect vehicles by measuring the change in the Earth’s magnetic field caused by the presence of a vehicle near the sensor. In addition to vehicle sensing, a setup with two sensor nodes placed a few feet apart can estimate speed and direction of travel of the passing vehicle. This solution provides increased fidelity in filtering the object that passes through the detection system by eliminating the unintended detection of extra-vehicular traffic.
)
Satellite Image of Lot N, Courtesy of Google