Table of ContentsUnit 2: Cells

Left Side Pg. Right Side Pg.

Unit Page 22 Table of Contents 23

Brace Map – Cell Theory 24 C.N. Cell Theory 25

Double Bubble 26 Comparing viruses & cells 27

Unit 2: Cells: Cell TheoryUnit 2: Cells: Cell Theory

(Section 7-1)(Section 7-1)

Biology Standards

• 1. The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism’s cells. As a basis for understanding this concept: – C) Students know how prokaryotic cells,

eukaryotic cells (including those from plants and animals), and viruses differ in complexity and general structure.

Learning Goals

• 1. Describe the 3 parts of the Cell Theory.

• 2. Compare and Contrast a Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cell (Include at least 2 similarities and 3 differences)

• 3. Describe the characteristics of a virus. Is a virus a cell? Is a virus alive?

Cell Theory

• 1. All living things are made of cells

• 2. Cells are basic units of life• 3. All cells are made from other

cells

Why Cells are Important

• What happens inside cells causes us to be who we are. (Genes)

• All diseases start at the level of the cell.

• All growth and life starts from a single cell.

Types of cells

• 1. Prokaryote • 2. Eukaryote

1. Prokaryotic Cells (Prokaryotes)

• Simplest, “primitive” cells with:– NO membrane-bound

organelles (“little organs”)

– NO nucleus: genetic material floats free in cell

• pro = before• karyo = nucleus

• Ex: Bacteria (Kingdom Monera)• 2 Subdivisions:

– 1. Eubacteria – “true bacteria”– 2. Archaea – “ancient bacteria”

»Extremophiles: live in harsh environments (hot, acidic, salty)

2. Eukaryotic Cells (Eukaryotes)• Unicellular or multicellular• Cells contain:

– a nucleus (with DNA)– membrane-bound organelles

• Eu = true karyo = nucleus• Complex internal structure

– “Compartments” allow many different chemical reactions to take place simultaneously

• Examples:– Kingdom Protista –

protozoa, algae, amoeba

Kingdom Fungi – mushrooms, molds, yeast

• Kingdom Plantae (Plants)– ranges from moss to flowering plants

Kingdom Animalia (Animals) – ranges from tiny worms to humans

What about Viruses?-Are they alive?

• What do you think?

• CONS– Cannot grow or

replicate without host (dormant)

– Are not cells

• PROS– Have genetic material

(DNA or RNA)– Can replicate (with

host)– Have a protein coat

Viruses• NOT ALIVE!!!• Made of DNA (or RNA)

surrounded by a protein coat

• Are NOT cells & cannot grow

Viruses are extremely small!

Learning Goals

• 1. Describe the 3 parts of the Cell Theory.

• 2. Compare and Contrast a Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cell (Include at least 2 similarities and 3 differences)

• 3. Describe the characteristics of a virus. Is a virus a cell? Is a virus alive?