Table of Contents

Computer Science, Sensing, and Cyberspace 1

Energy 5

Environmental Applications and Impact 8

Food and Agriculture 16

Health and Wellness 17

Materials 21

Transportation 30

Presenter Listing 33

Computer Science, Sensing, and Cyberspace

Poster #

1

Presenter: Saif Alsaif, Electrical and Computer Engineering 1 Advisor(s): Dr. Christopher Baker Poster Title: Echoic Flow for Cognitive Guidance and Navigation Flow theory is a concept proposed by perception researchers, to explain how mammals, like bats, whales and humans, perceive their environment. Recently, researchers from The Ohio State University applied the concept of flow to cognitive radar sensors. Their proposed echoic flow was defined by, Smith and Baker, as the ratio of a measurable sensor parameter to a change in that parameter over a unit of time. In this poster, echoic flow aided cognitive radar will be shown capable of enabling a robotic vehicle to successfully navigate through corridors with obstacles and traverse narrow apertures. Also using the concept of the time derivative of echoic flow as a braking aid. The cognitive radar proposed relies on a perception-action cycle in which echoic flow is the perception, and steering instructions are the actions. Key Words: Radar Sensor Echoic Flow Perception Action Cognitive Guidance Navigation Presenter: Joseph Barker, Computer Science Engineering 2 Advisor(s): Dr. James W. Davis Poster Title: Temporally-Dependent Dirichlet Process Mixtures for Egocentric Video Segmentation In this paper, we present a novel approach for segmenting video into large regions of generally similar activity. Based on the Dirichlet Process Multinomial Mixture model, we introduce temporal dependency into the inference algorithm, allowing our method to automatically create long segments with high saliency while ignoring small, inconsequential interruptions. We evaluate our algorithm and other topic models with both synthetic datasets and real-world video. Additionally, applicability to image segmentation is shown. Results show that our method outperforms related methods with respect to accuracy and noise removal. Key Words: Video Segmentation, Bayesian Non-parametrics, Egocentric Video, Stereoscopic Vision Presenter: Li Chen, Electrical and Computer Engineering 3 Advisor(s): Dr. Ronald M. Reano Poster Title: Hybrid silicon and lithium niobate electro-optical ring modulator Of all oxides, lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is the gold standard electro-optical material in fiber-optic transmission systems. Modulators based on diffused waveguides in bulk LiNbO3 substrates are, however,relatively large. In contrast, ring modulators based on silicon-on-insulator are of interest for chip-scale electro-optical modulation, but unstrained crystalline silicon does not exhibit a linear electro-optic effect,so modulation is based on alternative mechanisms such as the plasma dispersion effect. Here, we present a hybrid silicon and LiNbO3 electro-optical ring modulator operating at gigahertz frequencies. The modulator consists of a 15 μm radius silicon microring and an ion-sliced LiNbO3 thin film bonded together via benzocyclobutene. Fabricated devices operating in the TE optical mode exhibit an optical loaded quality factor of 14,000 and a resonance tuning of 3.3 pm∕V. The small-signal electrical-to-optical 3 dB bandwidth is measured to be 5 GHz. Key Words: optical modulator, integrated optical device, electro-optical device

Poster #

2

Presenter: Huimin Huang, Electrical and Computer Engineering 4 Advisor(s): Dr. Christopher Baker Poster Title: Novel Techniques For Target Localization Using Passive Multistatic Radar This research aims to quantitatively establish location accuracies of airborne targets achievable with passive multistatic radar systems. Unlike conventional radar, multistatic radar uses antennas at different locations for the transmission and reception of radar signals. This distribution offers richer information to improve location accuracy. In recent year, the availability of widespread wireless systems, Global Positioning System (GPS), and fast digital signal processors enable exploitation of various signals from broadcast networks, time and space synchronization over large areas, and low cost of processing respectively. These make passive radar systems increasingly attractive in an environment of loaded frequency spectrums.This research explores novel techniques for improving achievable accuracies, including aperture synthesis, and improved range measurements using new available broadcast signals (DAB, DTV-B). Key Words: Passive radar localization Presenter: Feiran Lei, Electrical and Computer Engineering 5 Advisor(s): Dr. Marvin H. White Poster Title: A Study of Injection Locking Phenomenon in CMOS Integrated Delay-Line Oscillators and Phase-Locked Loops Injection locking, also known as frequency synchronization, is a useful and interesting phenomenon that happens in numerous oscillator systems. Natural examples include pendulums on the same wall moving in unison, fireflies flashing simultaneously as night falls, and etc. This work studies important features of the injection locked synchronous oscillator (SO), with a focus on its performance in the high frequency phase noise–short-term random frequency fluctuation that is up-converted from low frequency device noise. Commercial communication systems put strict constraints on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and bit error rate (BER) for high-fidelity information transmission. A fully integrated delay-line SO without a development of a high-Q LC tank is designed to meet system phase noise specs. The same SO is applied in a modified phase-locked loop to achieve improved locking behavior and suppressed phase noise. The analysis is verified with systems designed in IBM 90-nm CMOS technology. Key Words: injection locking, oscillator, phase-locked loop (PLL), phase noise, jitter Presenter: Yuanxin Li, Electrical and Computer Engineering 6 Advisor(s): Dr. Yuejie Chi Poster Title: Compressive Parameter Estimation with Multiple Measurement Vectors via Structured Low-Rank Covariance Estimation We study the problem of frequency estimation from partial observations of multiple measurement vectors under a sparsity constraint. We develop a two-step approach which first estimates a low-rank Hermitian Toeplitz covariance matrix from the partially observed sample covariance matrix via convex optimization, then recovers the set of frequencies via conventional spectrum estimation methods such as MUSIC. Our method doesn’t assume discretization of the underlying frequencies, therefore overcomes the basis mismatch problem in conventional compressed sensing, and can possibly recover a higher number of frequencies than the number of samples per measurement vector. Numerical examples are provided to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm, with comparisons against several existing approaches. Key Words: low rank, Toeplitz covariance estimation, multiple measurement vectors, partial observations

Poster #

3

Presenter: Stephen Nogar, Aerospace Engineering 7 Advisor(s): Dr. Jack McNamara and Dr. Andrea Serrani Poster Title: Aeroelastic Effects on Controllability of a Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicles hold significant promise for increased maneuverability and better efficiency at small length scales. However, due to their lightweight nature and complicated aerodynamic environment, modeling these vehicles is very difficult. In order to achieve vehicle control, these forces must be well understood. To address this, a reduced order model is developed that captures the nonlinear, flexible wings and the unsteady aerodynamic environment. This model is compared to higher fidelity models and is then applied to vehicle control. Results show that these complex effects must be considered from early in the design stage and potentially destabilizes the vehicle depending on the control strategy utilized. Key Words: Control, MAV, Flapping Wing, Aeroelasticity, Dynamics, Robotics Presenter: Aruna Ravi, Electrical and Computer Engineering 8 Advisor(s): Dr. Fernando L.Teixeira Poster Title: Plasmon Sensors based on Nanorings, Nanoparticle Arrays, and Individual Sub-Wavelength Particles Extinction spectra of single particles help understand its physical properties and predict its chemical composition. Strong phonon shape effects in the particle IR spectra provide an insight on distortion of spectral lineshapes by particle shape, phase and orientation. This analysis will help to better understand the interaction of light with sub-wavelength particles, especially in studies that involve dust from different environments. Next, plasmonically enhanced effects on linear arrays of gold nanorings are studied. Simulations employing the FDTD algorithm are used to determine the set of geometrical parameters to attain localized surface plasmon resonance which is helpful in determining optimal design specifications for devices such as bio-analytical sensors. Finally, the effect of particle radii and periodic lattice spacing on extinction resonance of metal nanoparticle arrays is investigated which is useful for plasmonically enhancing the efficiency of organic solar panels. Key Words: Plasmon, Sensors, FDTD, LSPR Presenter: Kai Ren, Electrical and Computer Engineering 9 Advisor(s): Dr. Robert Burkholder Poster Title: Real-Time 3D Microwave Imaging System for Planar Media It is demanded to non-destructively investigate realistic stratified environments (walls, pavement, concrete, etc.) with a portable and instantaneous image-construction device. The existing radar imaging system tends to be bulky and time consuming when generating 3D (3 dimensional) images. A novel 3D microwave imaging system, consisting of a compact ultra wideband phased array antenna, is proposed to solve this problem. Fast signal processing methods and algorithms for displaying 3D images will be developed as well. Specifically, Fast Fourier Transform is applied to realize tremendously less time consumption on constructing 2-D and 3-D back projection images. In the current stage, most research relates to develop real-time imaging algorithms. Both simulated and measure data are applied to validate the efficiency of the algorithm. Key Words: Real time system, Fast Fourier Transform, radar imaging, radar signal processing, synthetic aperture radar

Poster #

4

Presenter: Mai Zheng, Computer Science Engineering 10 Advisor(s): Dr. Feng Qin Poster Title: Torturing Databases for Fun and Profit Programmers use databases when they want a high level of reliability. Specifically, they want the sophisticatedACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability) protection modern databases provide. However, the ACID properties are far from trivial to provide, particularly when high performance must be achieved. This leads to complex and error-prone code.Here we propose a method to expose and diagnose violations of the ACID properties. We focus on an ostensibly easy case: power faults. Our framework includes workloads to exercise the ACID guarantees, a record/replay subsystem to allow the controlled injection of simulated power faults, a ranking algorithm to prioritize where to fault based on our experience, and a multi-layer tracer to diagnose root causes. Using our framework, we study 8 widely-used databases. Surprisingly, all 8 databases exhibit unexpected behavior. For the open-source databases, weare able to diagnose the root causes using our tracer. Key Words: reliability, databases, storage systems, file systems, debugging, ACID

Poster #

5

Energy Presenter: Haiwei Cai, Electrical and Computer Engineering 11 Advisor(s): Dr. Longya Xu Poster Title: Electrical Variable Traction-Transmission (EVTT) System Based on DMP Machine Full Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) have gain more and more attention in recent years. These vehicles allow flexible conversion between mechanical power and electrical power by introducing a power-split path in the system. A much better fuel economic can be achieved if the control strategy for these HEVs are appropriately designed. Usually, the existing full HEV technology requires a motor, a generator and a mechanical power split device, which is usually a planetary gear set. Hence, the traction-transmission system is bulky. In order to reduce the overall system size, the Dual Mechanical Port (DMP) electric machine is proposed. The DMP machine combines the motor and the generator to a single electric machine and does not need the planetary gear set. Meanwhile, it still keeps all the benefits and functions of existing HEV technology. Key Words: Dual Mechanical Ports, Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Electric Machine Presenter: Minghui Chen, Nuclear Engineering 12 Advisor(s): Dr. Xiaodong Sun Poster Title: Research Highlight at The OSU Thermal Hydraulics Laboratory: Theoretical Modeling and Experimental Validation for Advanced Nuclear Reactors Reactors-Intermediate Heat Exchanger Coupling Advanced reactors from the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) are required to produce electricity and/or to provide process heat for applications with high efficiency. The process heat applications of these advanced reactors are dependent upon an effective Intermediate Heat Exchanger (IHX), which transfers heat from the primary loop to the secondary loop. The IHX performance is directly related to the overall system efficiency and safety. The highlights of the poster focus on development of high-temperature compact heat exchangers for the advanced high-temperature nuclear reactors. One Printed Circuit Heat Exchangers (PCHEs) is being fabricated out of alloy 617 plates using diffusion bonding techniques. The HTHF was designed and constructed for testing the thermal performance of these heat exchangers at temperatures and pressures up to 800 C and 3 MPa, respectively. Lessons learned from the process of fabrication of small-scaled IHX will be shared. Key Words: Nuclear Engineering; Thermal Hydraulic; High-Temperature Compact Heat Exchangers;

Presenter: Ben Goldberg, Mechanical Engineering 13 Advisor(s): Dr. Walter Lempert Poster Title: Temporally Resolved Electric Field Measurements of a Pulsed Nanosecond Discharge Recent work in electric field four wave mixing has yielded time resolved electric field measurements within a diffuse, double dielectric barrier H2 pulsed nanosecond discharge with a minimum temporal resolution of 200 picoseconds. The second harmonic of a 150 picoseconds FWHM Nd:YAG pulsed laser is focused into a high pressure stimulated Raman shifting cell generating a collinear pair of Stokes and pump beams. These beams are focused into the center of the discharge where a process similar to coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering occurs and an infrared beam at the Q(1) vibrational frequency is emitted proportional to the square of the electric field. The time resolution of the technique is limited by the coherence dephasing time of the excited H2 molecules, which is on the order of 200 picoseconds. Key Words: Laser Diagnostics, Pulsed Nanosecond Discharge, Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics, Spectroscopy

Poster #

6

Presenter: Zac Jankovsky, Nuclear Engineering 14 Advisor(s): Dr. Tunc Aldemir Poster Title: A Clustering Analysis of Probabilistic Proliferation Resistance Measures in an Example Nuclear Fuel System Characterizing the relative attractiveness of diverting material from different stages of a nuclear fuel system is a key to proliferation resistance (PR) evaluation. A Markov chain is used to represent the proliferation process and to estimate various measures, including: the probability (PS) that a diversion attempt would be successful with a significant quantity (SQ) of nuclear material, the probability (DP) that an attempt would be detected by safeguards, and the time (PT) that would be required if diversion and separation could proceed unhindered. The fuel system used is the hypothetical Example Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (ESFR). Clustering of the data and analysis of the properties of the clusters may yield insight into the most attractive stages of a fuel system for diversion. In order to demonstrate the methodology, a set of scenarios is created using the ESFR and PRCALC. The results are clustered using DP, PS, and PT as clustering dimensions. Key Words: proliferation, clustering, k-means, mean-shift Presenter: Hussam Khasawneh, Electrical and Computer Engineering 15 Advisor(s): Dr. Mahesh Illindala Poster Title: State-of-Health Based Load Sharing Strategy in Vehicle-to-Grid Systems A novel control strategy to intelligently regulate load sharing in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems is proposed in this poster. It is based on sharing the load demand between the vehicles based on the state-of-health (SoH) of their batteries. The strategy employs an on-board smart device that computes the battery aging, and this device communicates with the smart grid controller when the vehicle is connected to the microgrid. This poster also presents the algorithm for determining the share factor, and the implementation details of the control strategy. Key Words: Batteries; Distributed energy resources; Microgrid; Power systems; Electric vehicles; Smart grid; Smart discharging control Presenter: Qiuping Lv, Nuclear Engineering 16 Advisor(s): Dr. Xiaodong Sun Poster Title: Design, Testing, and Modeling of the Direct Reactor Auxiliary Cooling System for AHTRs/FHRs The Direct Reactor Auxiliary Cooling System (DRACS) is a passive heat removal system proposed for the Advanced High-Temperature Reactor (AHTR) that combines the coated particle fuel and graphite moderator with a liquid fluoride salt as the coolant. The DRACS features three coupled natural circulation/convection loops relying completely on buoyancy as the driving force. A fluidic diode has been proposed in the DRACS primary loop to maintain the passive feature. In the literature, although the DRACS concept has been proposed for AHTRs/FHRs as one means of passively removing the reactor decay heat, there is not much detailed, quantitative research on it yet. Currently, there is an active research work at The Ohio State University that focuses on design, testing, and modeling of the DRACS for test-scale FHRs. Heat transfer performance (steady state and transient) and reliability of the DRACS are investigated through two scaled-down test facilities. / Key Words: DRACS, AHTR, FHR

Poster #

7

Presenter: Robert Northcutt, Mechanical Engineering 17 Advisor(s): Dr. Vishnu-Baba Sundaresan Poster Title: Enhancing Charge Storage and Cyclability of Conducting Polymer Membranes for Energy Storage Conducting polymers (CPs) undergo reversible redox reactions and hence are attractive materials for energy storage electrodes. In CPs, biotemplating leads to nanostructured architecture, higher specific capacitance, and smaller volumetric strains. We will present results from our ongoing work that demonstrates the effect of structural properties on charge storage and cyclability. Charge storage in CPs is characterized through reversible cyclic voltammetry and represented by specific capacitance for the membrane. While specific capacitance allows us to compare various nanostructured CP configurations, it does not quantify the percentage of actual volume participating in charge storage over the total volume of the membrane. In order to address this limitation, we introduce the following metrics; total redox sites in the polymer, actual redox sites participating in charge storage and subsequently the ratio - percent availability and are effectively used to nanostructure CPs. Key Words: Polypyrrole, Biotemplating, Supercapacitors, Battery Electrodes Presenter: Andrew Roettgen, Mechanical Engineering 18 Advisor(s): Dr. Igor Adamovich Poster Title: Thomson Scattering Studies in Nanosecond Plasma Discharges Obtaining a deeper understanding of free electron behavior in nanosecond pulsed, non-equilibrium discharge plasmas is of great interest. These types of discharge environments have several important applications, including electrically-excited discharge laser development, plasma flow control, and plasma assisted combustion. Despite wide use of these discharges, underlying fundamental understanding of electron kinetics in nanosecond pulse plasmas remains far from understood. In particular, time evolution of electron number density and electron temperature in nanosecond pulse discharges, for a variety of experimental conditions and gas mixtures, remains essentially unknown. To address this diagnostic need, a Thomson Scattering technique involving a triple grating spectrometer has been developed at Ohio State. Temporal evolution of electron number density and temperature for various gas mixture, pressure, and energies of a nanosecond, diffuse, single-filament discharge are presented. Key Words: Plasmadynamics

Environmental Applications and Impact

Poster #

8

Presenter: Cindy Barrera, Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering 19 Advisor(s): Dr. Katrina Cornish Poster Title: An Alternative, Labor-Intensive Method for Guayule Latex Production in Developing Countries Guayule latex is free of proteins which cause Type I latex allergy. However, the extraction, clarification and purification of this latex is a highly mechanized process, inconvenient and too expensive for rural areas in developing countries. This study evaluated different concentrations of flocculants, as a replacement of centrifugal clarification, in order to identify those that most efficiently remove non-latex particulates from latex-containing guayule homogenate without removing the emulsified rubber particles in the latex fraction. Cationic flocculants were found to be more effective than anionic ones. Concentrations above 3% flocculant decreased the amount of latex by precipitating and/or attaching rubber particles to non-latex solids. The flocculant C-591 at low concentrations was found to give the best results for both ammonium and potassium hydroxide-based homogenates, and the latex fraction could be separated at 1 x gn using a creaming agent. Key Words: Natural Rubber Latex, Extraction, Manual labor, Flocculants Presenter: Alex Campbell, City and Regional Planning 20 Advisor(s): Dr. Rachel Kleit Poster Title: Designing for Rural Communities Creating design guidelines is an essential part of any community that desires a cohesive aesthetic that compliments the local character. In highly developed urban and suburban areas, these design guidelines dictate various development characteristics such as building height, size, massing, and character. Contrarily, rural areas rarely have the same careful lens on design characteristics. As such, development can take various shapes, styles, and forms - often freestanding of the local character. Examining a real-world planning effort by Franklin County's Planning Department in Brown Township, Ohio details the importance and impact that design regulations can make in retaining rural character when rural communities face development pressure. Key Words: Planning, Development, Design Presenter: Mariantonieta Gutierrez Soto, Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering 21 Advisor(s): Dr. Hojjat Adeli Poster Title: Optimum Tuning Parameters for Tuned Mass Dampers in Irregular Highrise Building Structures Tall buildings have become increasingly one-of-a-kind signature structures that are often irregular in plan and elevation with complicated dynamic behavior. The novelty of the poster is vibration control of irregular highrise building structures using a recently developed TMD, the bidirectional TMD (BTMD). A key issue for effective implementation of a TMD is the determination of their tuning parameters. Eight different sets of equations proposed for tuning the parameters of tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are compared using a 5-story building with plan and elevation irregularity, and a 15-story and a 20-story building with plan irregularity subjected to seismic loading. Appropriate tuning equations are recommended for tall building structures. The results of the research should be of value to engineers concerned with vibration control of tall buildings subjected to seismic loading. Conclusions and recommendation for future research will also be presented. Key Words: smart structures, structural control, buildings, passive control, civil engineering, structural engineering

Poster #

9

Presenter: Rebecca Hanes, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 22 Advisor(s): Dr. Bhavik Bakshi Poster Title: Designing processes for sustainability with a multi-scale modeling framework How does a chemical engineer design a sustainable process? First, harmful reagents and solvents are replaced with benign chemicals to reduce the risk of a nasty spill. Next, efficiency is maximized so as few natural resources as possible are consumed. Finally, end-of-process technologies including ammonia scrubbers and carbon dioxide capture units further reduce emissions. Is the process sustainable? Not necessarily! Sustainable or environmentally conscious process design requires a broad spatial perspective in order to avoid unpleasant surprises like the ozone hole attributed to chlorofluorocarbon use, or the increase in food prices induced by corn ethanol production. This work presents a multi-scale modeling framework for chemical processes that allows a process and its life cycle to be optimized in the context of a macro-economic system. By including a larger system in the design boundary, we minimize unintended consequences and locate environmentally superior process designs. Key Words: Process design, process optimization, sustainability, process systems engineering Presenter: Xinghua Jia, Biomedical Engineering 23 Advisor(s): Dr. Mingjun Zhang Poster Title: Maneuverability and Swimming Efficiency Improvement Inspired by Nature Swimmers for Underwater Robot Design The requirements for the underwater robot/vehicles design is continuously increasing as the advancement of the large sea field searching, academic research in deep sea, and military utilization. Maneuverability and propulsion efficiency are the two major issues should be addressed for the robotic applications in these fields. Although the mathematical/experimental optimization could come out some simple designs to improve the swimming performance, the surging complicity of environment and hydrodynamics make conventional robotic design method unsatisfying. The nature swimmers, however, have accumulated beautiful features for agile swimming through long evolutionary period. In our study, we further improve the robotic maneuverability and propulsion efficiency by the optimization method inspired from such of these unique characteristics. Specifically, the flexural rigidity, surface morphology, and swimming mode have been investigated in detail to achieve better design for the robot. Key Words: bio-inspired, optimization, robotic design Presenter: Seungbeom Kang, City and Regional Planning 24 Advisor(s): Dr. Rachel Kleit Poster Title: The importance of conceptualizing and measuring residential mobility of low-income households as a problem Low-income households, facing a variety of socially and economically unreliable contexts, tend to be stuck in a problematic situation, revealed as diverse patterns of moving careers such as immobility, frequent moves, and non-progressive moves with presumably unsatisfactory downward moves. Despite the concern for mobility of low-income households as a problem, still how mobility as a problem should be conceptualized and measured has been under examined. So, this poster will describe why conceptualizing and measuring residential mobility of low-income households as a problem is important as a research topic and will present brief outline of performing this research. Key Words: Residential mobility, Low-income households, Housing mobility policies

Poster #

10

Presenter: Zachary Kenitzer, City and Regional Planning 25 Advisor(s): Dr. Jennifer Evans-Cowley Poster Title: Better Than Before: evaluation and assessment of plans and planning in hurricane prone Gulfport, Mississippi. / Hurricanes are a fact-of-life in Gulfport, Mississippi. Planning following hurricanes and other natural disasters is frequently critiqued as being ‘clear as mud.’ As the 10th anniversary of Hurricane Katrina’s landfall approaches, and its legacy continues to be examined, understanding what separates ‘Good’ from ‘Bad’ plans is more than a fundamental part of the practice and theory of Planning; it’s necessary to move a community forward. Despite this, evaluation and assessment of planning and plans is the least studied function of the process. In an effort to further understand the formation and implantation of plans and planning, and their results in the built environment, this case study utilizes emerging quantitative and qualitative tools and methods, such as Historical Geographic Information Systems (HGIS), and multiple theoretical frameworks on assessment and evaluation to view plan and planning efforts. Key Words: Evaluation, Assessment, Hurricane, Implementation, Hurricane Katrina Presenter: William Kenny, Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering 26 Advisor(s): Dr. Gil Bohrer Poster Title: Development of the High resolution VOC Atmospheric Chemistry in Canopies (Hi-VACC) model and application to a lake flux scenario We have been working to develop a new post-processing model - High resolution VOC Atmospheric Chemistry in Canopies (Hi-VACC) - which resolves the dispersion and chemistry of reacting chemical species given their emission rates from vegetation, soil, and other surfaces, driven by high resolution meteorological forcing and wind fields from various high resolution atmospheric regional and large-eddy simulations. Here we show an overview of a few applications and an in depth look at an application of Hi-VACC to a lake flux scenario. In this case we test the effects that vegetation on a lake's perimeter has on the dispersion of CO2, water vapor, or scalar species emitted by the lake by running simulations with no vegetation in the domain as well as with trees around the lake. We use the simulation results to quantify the effect of lake-shore vegetation of the effective footprint of the observations done from a tower at the lake edge. Key Words: Biosphere Atmosphere Interactions Presenter: Antriksh Luthra, Mechanical Engineering 27 Advisor(s): Dr. James V. Coe Poster Title: Vibrational Spectra of Individual Dust Particles Obtained from the International Space Station and New York 9/11 Disaster The concentration of dust particles inhaled into people's lungs is correlated with public health. Particles of the size range 2-5 microns are amongst the biggest by volume that get through to the lungs, hence characterizing their chemical composition is important. This research focuses on IR spectroscopic analysis to characterize the individual dust particles collected from the International Space Station and New York 9/11 disaster (~1 mile away from ground zero). These particles are trapped in the holes of a plasmonic metal mesh (12.6 microns square lattice and 5 microns hole size). This allows us to take scatter-free infrared absorption spectra whose peaks provide an insight on the identity of infrared active components. The study of single dust particles provides non-destructive chemical information of not only the major components, but also of minority components. This information is different and complimentary to the analysis of bulk samples. Key Words: IR spectroscopy, Plasmonics, Particulate matter

Poster #

11

Presenter: Ashley Matheny, Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering 28 Advisor(s): Dr. Gil Bohrer Poster Title: Hydrodynamic model increases the ability of land-surface models to capture forest disturbance and intra-daily dynamics of transpiration Hydraulic limitations are known to control transpiration in forest ecosystems. We use the NACP dataset of latent heat flux measurements and model observations for multiple sites and models to demonstrate models’ difficulties in capturing intra-daily hysteresis. We hypothesize that this is due to un-resolved stomata closure from hydrodynamic stress. In a forest in MI, we use measurements of sap flux to demonstrate that trees of similar type have different hydrodynamic strategies that lead to different patterns of stomatal conductance and transpiration. These differences lead to differences in water use based on the species composition of the forest. We show that the size/shape of the branching system leads to differences in hydrodynamic stress. We propose a method to resolve tree hydrodynamics and reduce errors in global models based on the Finite-Elements Tree-Crown Hydrodynamics model (FETCH) –a hydrodynamic model that can resolve the fast dynamics of stomatal conductance. Key Words: transpiration, forest disturbance, hydrodynamics, hysteresis Presenter: Darshan Mehta, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 29 Advisor(s): Dr. James Rathman Poster Title: Structure-based in silico modeling of chemically induced toxicity. Evaluating the potential toxicity of chemical compounds is an important step in the development of all new products these days. A thorough experimental study of every candidate compound can be too expensive and time consuming to be feasible. It is thus necessary to develop reliable computational methods for predicting chemical toxicity. In this project, we propose to apply principles of chemical informatics to predict mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and skin sensitization potential of chemical compounds based on their 2-D molecular structure. Specifically, we propose to develop an algorithm for dynamic generation of linear structural descriptors (fragments) with a novel atom-based method of annotating them. This approach will help to identify common fragments observed in toxicological compounds and might lead to the discovery of new structural alerts. This will also help to prioritize experimental tests, and thus reduce the need for animal testing. Key Words: Cheminformatics, toxicity prediction Presenter: Golnazalsadat Mirfenderesgi, Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering 30 Advisor(s): Dr. Gil Bohrer Poster Title: Tree-Level Hydrodynamic Approach for Improved Stomatal Conductance Parameterization The land-surface models, currently in use, do not mechanistically resolve hydrodynamic processes within the tree. The Finite-Elements Tree-Crown Hydrodynamics model version 2 (FETCH2) is based on the previous FETCH model approach, but with finite difference numeric, and simplified single-beam conduit system. FETCH2 simulates water flow through the tree as a simplified system of porous media conduits. It explicitly resolves spatiotemporal hydraulic stresses throughout the tree’s vertical extent that cannot be easily represented using other stomatal-conductance models. While highly simplified, this approach brings some realism to the simulation of stomata. We used FETCH2 to conduct a sensitivity analysis of the total stand-level transpiration to the inter-specific differences in hydraulic strategies and use the results to reflect on the future trajectory of the forest, in terms of species composition and transpiration. Key Words: Hydrodynamic; The Finite-Elements Tree-Crown Hydrodynamics; Porous media; Stomatal-conductance;

Poster #

12

Presenter: Omar Mora, Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering 31 Advisor(s): Dr. Dorota A. Grejner-Brzezinska Poster Title: Predicting Landslide Hazards Based on Airborne LiDAR Data Landslides are natural disasters that cause environmental and infrastructure damage worldwide. To prevent future risk posed by such events, effective methods to detect, map and possibly predict their threats are needed. Landslide hazard mapping is typically performed in an automatic, semi-automatic or manual form or a combination of these, and can be achieved using different sensors and algorithms. As landslide hazards continue to impact our environment, the need for preventing such events is growing rapidly. Two novel techniques that extract and identify landslide surface features from airborne LiDAR-derived DEMs are presented. In addition, an analysis is performed to assess the spatial resolution effects of surface data to extract landslide surface features. The proposed methods showed good performance compared to an independently compiled landslide inventory map and it can be concluded that airborne LiDAR data and the proposed solutions can help prevent future hazardous events. Key Words: LiDAR (light detection and ranging), landslide, detection, feature extraction, change detection, spatial resolution, DEM (digital elevation model), SVM (support vector machine) Presenter: Timothy Morin, Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering 32 Advisor(s): Dr. Gil Bohrer Poster Title: Optimizing a gapfill model for an urban wetland's methane fluxes Wetlands are the largest source of methane (CH4) wordwide but offer a wide variety of ecosystem services and are commonly constructed in the United States to mitigate wetland loss, particularly in or near urban areas. CH4 fluxes were measured at the Olentangy River Wetland Research Park (ORWRP) over three summers and two winters using an eddy flux covariance system. In this study we used linear and neural network modeling with the Akaike Information Criteria to arrive at a general empirical model for methane emissions from the ORWRP. To account for the small-scale landscape heterogeneity, a typical characteristic of urban wetlands, we incorporated the patch-type composition within the flux footprint as part of the modeling process. Our methodology identified LE, the footprint, and soil temperature consistently as the significant variables in the modeling of the observed CH4 fluxes. Key Words: Eddy covariance, methane, fluxes, wetland Presenter: Daisuke Nagase, City and Regional Planning 33 Advisor(s): Dr. Rachel Kleit Poster Title: The Mortgage Crisis on the Elderly Households This is a literature review about the foreclosure crisis on the elderly mortgagors. Existing studies show that the number of foreclosure and delinquency among the elderly house owners is relatively smaller than younger generation. This might be because that the most elderly do not owe mortgages on their housing. However, once experiencing in foreclosure, their situation becomes serious due to the fact that they tend to have little opportunity to regain their equity. They only have fixed and limited income from social security program. They cannot find a job because of the negative age factor. Furthermore, although housing is the largest asset for them they cannot sell their house in order to move to a retirement community under the stagnated market condition or the underwater situation. The worst scenario might be the government reduces the pension benefits which consists most of the elderly’s income. Key Words: older homeowners, foreclosure, mortgage, housing market

Poster #

13

Presenter: Matthew Noerpel, Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering 34 Advisor(s): Dr. John Lenhart Poster Title: Influence of Natural Organic Acids on Lead(II) Adsorption on Hematite The fate and transport of lead in subsurface systems is partially dependent on adsorption to mobile colloid particles. It is well established that the presence of organic acids will alter the surface reactivity of such particles impacting the conditions under which lead will adsorb to the particle surface. Using batch adsorption experiments, combined with several synchrotron based X-ray spectroscopy techniques, we examined the effect that several organic acids have on the adsorption of lead to the hematite surface and explored the potential structures of the lead-acid surface complex on both hematite particle surfaces and three different single crystal surfaces. Organic acids enhanced the adsorption of lead at lower pH values though the surface structures they form vary with acid. Lead is seen adsorbed directly to the hematite surface in both the particle and specific surface experiments as well as in a film in the presence of certain organic acids. Key Words: Lead X-Ray Spectroscopy Presenter: Sumant Patankar, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 35 Advisor(s): Dr. David Tomasko Poster Title: Confinement behavior of ethane in mesoporous silica Fluids consisting of light hydrocarbons are found all over the world in the pores and fractures of a wide variety of minerals. These fluids adsorb, desorb, migrate and react at mineral surfaces and within pores – most of which lie in the mesoporous length scale. Confinement to nano-pores often brings about changes in phase transition temperatures, microstructures and transport properties. We have highlighted the effects of temperature, pressure, pore size and introduction of CO2 on the dynamics of ethane confined to mesoporous silica. Control over pore size distribution can be achieved with the use of CPG (Controlled Pore Glass) as a synthetic proxy for natural silica. Utilizing the wide energy window offered by the CNCS instrument at ORNL coupled with its high resolution in quasi-elastic mode, we have resolved the dynamics of ethane confined to the mesoporous CPG silica matrix with a nominal pore size of 7.5 nm Key Words: supercritical Presenter: Cody Price, City and Regional Planning 36 Advisor(s): Dr. Jack Nasar Poster Title: Do affordable homes look different? The problem explored is if design can reduce opposition to affordable housing. Two hundred and nineteen people participated in an on-line survey recruited through a snowball sample via social media. The survey measured the participant’s willingness to allow affordable housing near them using a social distance scale as well as asking participants to choose which home they believed to be affordable between three market-rate homes and one affordable home. The research found that people are more willing to allow affordable housing near them after taking the survey. Additionally, the research found that homeowners and higher-income individuals are less willing to have affordable housing near them than renters and lower-income individuals. In conclusion, by designing affordable housing that looks indistinguishable from neighboring homes, people are less likely to identify which home is affordable and therefore, allow it to be located near them. Key Words: affordable housing, NIMBY, design, social distance

Poster #

14

Presenter: Mohammad Hossein Rafiei, Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering 37 Advisor(s): Dr. Hojjat Adeli Poster Title: A Novel Machine Learning Model for Estimation of Sale Prices of Real Estate Units Predicting the price of housing is of paramount importance for near-term economic forecasting of any nation. In an uncertain economic climate, construction companies are confronted with a daunting question: build or not to build. This paper presents a novel and expansive model for estimating the price of new housing in any given city at the design phase or beginning of the construction through ingenious integration of a deep belief restricted Boltzmann machine and a unique non-mating genetic algorithm. The model can be used by construction companies to gage the sale market before they start a new construction and consider to build or not to build. An effective data structure is presented that takes into account a large number of economic variable/indices. The model incorporates time-dependent and seasonal variations of the variables. Clever stratagems have been developed to overcome the dimensionality curse and make the solution of the problem amenable on standard workstations. Key Words: Estimation of sale prices, Real state units, Machine learning, Genetic algorithm, Deep belief restricted Boltzmann machine Presenter: Hamed Rahimian, Integrated Systems Engineering 38 Advisor(s): Dr. Güzin Bayraksan Poster Title: A Risk-Averse Approach to Optimal Water Allocation under Supply and Demand Uncertainty With the rapid population growth and economic development, water authorities are facing new challenges. More water is needed to meet the increasing demand, but potential climate change and increasing water competition result in uncertainties as to the adequacy and availability of water supplies. In this paper, we study a long-term water allocation problem in a municipal system, with an integrated fresh water and reclaimed water distribution system, to provide a sustainable service under water supply and demand uncertainties. To control high-risk extreme water shortage events, we study a risk-averse approach, where the conditional value-at-risk is incorporated into the model as the risk measure. The resulting model is a multi-period optimization model under uncertainty. To solve this model, we consider several decomposition-based approaches. In numerical experiments, we examine the risk-neutral and risk-averse optimal policies at different levels of risk aversion. Key Words: Municipal Water Allocation; Optimization under Uncertainty; Risk-Averse Decision Making; Water Supply and Demand Uncertainties; Nested Benders' Decomposition Algorithm Presenter: Witopo Salim, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 39 Advisor(s): Dr. W.S. Winston Ho Poster Title: Novel Membrane Structures and Compositions for CO2/H2 Separation Applications Novel membranes structures and compositions for both high pressure and low pressure H2 purification from CO2 were developed. For high pressure applications (~ 200 psig), the nanostructured membrane consists of an amine selective layer on a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) paper. The composite membrane exhibited a CO2 permeance of 30 GPU, CO2/H2 selectivity of 62, and CO2/N2 selectivity of 463 at 107oC and 200 psig. For low pressure applications (~ 1 psig), the amine selective layer consists of amine based CO2 carriers in a polyvinylalcohol-polysiloxane/MWNT matrix. This mixed matrix membrane reached a CO2 permeance of 214 GPU and CO2/H2 selectivity of 254 at 120oC and 1.5 psig. The membranes developed in this work have many potential applications including the CO2 removal from natural gas and purification of synthesis gas to produce high-purity H2. The fabrication process can be scaled-up to prepare thin-film membranes with large surface areas for spiral-wound module. Key Words: gas separation, facilitated transport, mixed matrix membranes, spiral wound module

Poster #

15

Presenter: Rachel Sebian, Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering 40 Advisor(s): Dr. Ethan Kubatko Poster Title: Advances in discontinuous Galerkin-based spectral wave modeling The energy spectrum associated with surface waves in oceans and large lakes spans a broad range of frequencies. A significant portion of the energy in this spectrum is contained in the high-frequency band of wind-generated waves known as the wind-sea. Given the relatively small spatial scales of these individual waves, it is impractical to directly resolve their scales of motion with a numerical wave model over large geographic domains. Therefore, a statistical description of the wave field is sought through the use of spectral wave models, in which the wave variance density (related to wave energy) is conserved. In this poster, we present the application and development of a new spectral wave model for the Great Lakes and provide a summary of a series of hindcast studies performed on Lake Erie that demonstrate the accuracy and computational savings achieved with our new wave model. Key Words: discontinuous Galerkin method, spectral wave modeling Presenter: Zongsu Wei, Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering 41 Advisor(s): Dr. Linda K. Weavers Poster Title: Improving In-Situ Sediment Remediation through the Application of Ultrasound Sediment contamination by bio-accumulative organic compounds and heavy metals is a significant concern worldwide. The application of ultrasound is an alternative method to increase contaminant accessibility and mass transfer in the pore flow of sediments. The goal of this study is to understand the effects of ultrasonic waves on sediment solids and on pore hydrodynamics within the sediment. With a bench-scale column setup, hydrophone measurements showed that the intensity of ultrasound dropped quickly due to absorption and scattering by the sediment. However, both pore size and pore water temperature increased after a short period of sonication resulting in increased porosity and reduced water viscosity. This enhanced the Darcy velocity and hydraulic conductivity by 42.6% in the presence of ultrasound, which was confirmed later by bromide tracer breakthrough tests. The obtained results suggest the potential for in-situ sediment remeidatio using ultrasound. Key Words: Ultrasound, Remediation, Sediment, Porosity, Hydrodynamics, Tracer Presenter: Dustin West, Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering 42 Advisor(s): Dr. Ethan Kubatko Poster Title: Mesh Generation Techniques for a Multidimensional, Multi-Physics Modeling Framework for Coupled Shallow Water & Overland Flow We have developed a set of computationally efficient and robust mesh generation techniques that utilize high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) and Google Earth to automatically produce unstructured meshes that can accurately and efficiently represent the most relevant small-scale features and properties of watersheds and floodplains. The developed techniques are implemented within the Admesh+ software package — an ADvanced MESH generation tool capable of automatically producing high-quality unstructured meshes from minimal user input. The meshes are being developed to be used in a multidimensional, multi-physics modeling framework for coupled shallow water & overland flow that employs 2D (triangular) elements for shallow water flow, 1D line elements (element edges) for channel flow, and so-called kinematic or run-off cascades for overland flow. This poster will highlight some of the challenges faced in this work and present results of the meshes produced by Admesh+. Key Words: Mesh Generation, Shallow Water, Finite Elements, Overland Flow

Food and Agriculture

Poster #

16

Presenter: Long Lin, Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering 43 Advisor(s): Dr. Yebo Li Poster Title: A side-by-side comparative study on solid-state anaerobic digestion and composting of yard waste and liquid anaerobic digestion effluent / This study examined the performance of thermophilic (55°C) solid-state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD) and composting in handling yard waste and liquid anaerobic digestion (L-AD) effluent for 45 days. Three total solids (TS) contents of 22, 25, and 30% were tested for SS-AD, and 35, 45 and 55% for composting, with feedstock to effluent (F/E) ratios of 4, 5, and 6 for both systems. The results showed that TS content negatively affected both SS-AD and composting processes, by reducing biogas and/or carbon dioxide yields and degradation rate. In contrast, the F/E ratio had minor effects on both SS-AD and composting. Compared to SS-AD, composting had 50% higher carbon removal and 50–100% higher degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose. However, using SS-AD, more than half of the degraded carbon was converted to methane. Both SS-AD and composting generated nutrient-rich (N, P, K etc.) end products. Key Words: anaerobic digestion, composting, thermophilic, biogas, carbon loss Presenter: Lindsay Pease, Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering 44 Advisor(s): Dr. Jay Martin Poster Title: Controlled Drainage Reduces Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loading in the Lake Erie Watershed More than 750 aquatic systems around the globe suffer from water quality impairments such as hypoxic “dead zones” and harmful algal blooms. Lake Erie’s algal bloom has been linked to high loads of dissolved phosphorus (P) from agricultural non-point sources. A suggested management practice to reduce agricultural nutrient loss is controlled drainage (CD) which allows farmers to control the volume of water released through subsurface drains. While CD is known to reduce dissolve nitrate (N) loads its impact on P loading has rarely been reported. This study analyzed export of P and N at seven fields with paired controlled and uncontrolled drainage systems in the Lake Erie watershed. Nutrient concentrations and the volume of water released from subsurface drains were used to estimate P and N loading rates from controlled and uncontrolled drainage systems. By reducing drain flow, CD reduced losses of P and N from subsurface drains. Key Words: Subsurface Drainage; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Algal Bloom; Controlled Drainage

Health and Wellness

Poster #

17

Presenter: Greg Freisinger, Mechanical Engineering 45 Advisor(s): Dr. Ajit Chaudhari Poster Title: Passive Knee Laxity, Varus-Valgus Excursion during Gait, and Perceived Instability are Uncorrelated in Subjects with Severe Osteoarthritis Frontal plane knee laxity has been associated with a higher likelihood of osteoarthritis (OA) progression, but it is unknown how passive laxity affects knee kinematics during gait or influences an individual’s perception of instability. We hypothesized that increased frontal plane knee laxity would be associated with increased varus-valgus excursion during gait and an increased perception of knee instability in subjects with severe OA. We tested 21 subjects with severe OA using motion analysis techniques and an intra-operative knee stability device. No significant correlations were found between passive knee laxity, varus-valgus excursion during gait, and perceived instability. Overall these data suggest that passive laxity at +/-10 newton-meters may not play a primary role in frontal plane knee motion and perceived instability may have other causes outside of large varus-valgus excursion during gait. Key Words: Biomechanics, Orthopaedics, Osteoarthritis, Knee Laxity Presenter: Matt Handford, Mechanical Engineering 46 Advisor(s): Dr. Manoj Srinivasan Poster Title: Predictive models and energy optimizations for ankle-foot prosthesis design Robotic prostheses and exoskeletons have the potential to dramatically improve the quality of life of amputees and people with disabilities. By creating more advanced devices, we could reduce the amount of energy, improve comfort, and increase speed while performing everyday tasks. However, the current methods for designing such devices involve lengthy build cycles and hand tuning of parameters, which slows progress and possibly limits the effectiveness of the device. Our objective is to advance the science of such robotic devices through the development of computer models to allow us to study multiple control strategies in a much shorter amount of time. We are developing a six-link, muscle-driven, planar model of a person with a two-link torque driven ankle prosthesis model within the MATLAB environment. This model will allow us to test different prosthesis control strategies and observe how they will affect people’s gaits. Key Words: Prosthesis, Simulation, Optimization Presenter: Varun Joshi, Mechanical Engineering 47 Advisor(s): Dr. Manoj Srinivasan Poster Title: Humans Walking on Shaky and Shaking Surfaces: Application to oscillating treadmills and the London Millennium Bridge We introduce a minimal mathematical model of a biped, walking on a platform capable of lateral movement (bridge or treadmill). We predict walking motions by numerical optimization, deriving the periodic body and platform motion that minimizes metabolic cost of walking. When we consider a footbridge-like platform, modeled as a mass-spring-damper system, we show that the optimal human walking motion, for some platform parameters and a large pedestrian count, sustains a large lateral platform oscillation. This provides insight into observations about people walking on footbridges, exemplified by the large lateral oscillations observed on the London Millennium Bridge when it was first opened to the public. When we consider a treadmill-like platform, our biped model predicts that body motion synchronized to platform motion consumes less energy than walking on a fixed surface. Thus, we find that energy minimization produces qualitatively correct phenomena for walking on shaking surfaces. Key Words: Biomechanics, Human Locomotion, Numerical Optimization

Poster #

18

Presenter: Jacqueline Lewis, Biomedical Engineering 48 Advisor(s): Dr. Ajit Chaudhari Poster Title: Sagittal Plane Hip and Knee Biomechanics during Stair Climbing at Different Speeds Stair climbing is important for maintaining mobility and independence. Stair climbing performance is often measured by how fast a person can ascend and descend a staircase (Stair Climbing Test). However, it is unknown how the biomechanics change with faster stair climbing. Biomechanical variables are associated with speed during gait, so it is expected they are associated during stair climbing. Healthy subjects ascended and descended a 3-step staircase at self-selected (SS), slower and faster than SS speeds. Results show that hip flexion moment increases with increasing speed, but knee flexion moments do not and are variable between subjects. This indicates that the hip muscles may modulate speed during stair climbing while the knee muscles are not under increased demand when climbing stairs faster than SS. These results indicate that speed matching may be necessary to accurately interpret stair climbing biomechanics. Further investigation is needed in pathology populations. Key Words: Biomechanics, Stair Climbing Presenter: Scott Monfort, Mechanical Engineering 49 Advisor(s): Dr. Ajit Chaudhari Poster Title: Association between Offensive versus Defensive Actions and Non-Contact Lower Extremity Injuries in High School Sports High school sponsored athletics currently provide an estimated 7.7 million students in the United States with health and societal benefits, but also inherently increase their risk of sustaining an injury. The purpose of this

study was to determine the role of offensive vs. defensive actions in non-contact injury rates across sports. Non‑

contact lower extremity (LE) injury data were collected from school years 2005-2006 through 2011‑2012 for boys'

(M) and girls' (F) basketball and soccer and from 2008-2009 through 2011-2012 for boys' and girls' lacrosse and girls' field hockey through the national surveillance tool High School RIO. Significant differences in injury rates were found when comparing offensive and defensive player positions (i.e. forward vs. defense) and actions (i.e. ball handling vs. defending) at the time of injury. The trends did not unanimously suggest offense or defense as having higher injury rates, but instead were sport dependent. Key Words: Non-Contact Injuries; High School Sports; Offense; Defense; Actions Presenter: Tyler Nelson, Biomedical Engineering 50 Advisor(s): Dr. John Lannutti Poster Title: Biomimicking Nanofiber Microenvironments for the Evaluation of Potential Genetic Targets and Novel Anti-Metastatic Cancer Compounds Electrospinning produces matrices resembling fibrous tumor microenvironments suggesting use in testing the efficacy of novel anti-metastatic drugs and aid in identifying genetic targets limiting tumor cell migration. Novel anti-metastatic drugs and a potential genetic target’s effects on tumor cell migration were assessed using nanofiber assays. MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells migrated 126% further in the presence of CXCL12 and nearly 45% less in the presence of AKB-6899 (DSP drug) along aligned nanofiber ‘highways’ as compared to the control or vehicle. PF-3758309 (PAK 2 drug) reduced the migration of H2882 and H1703 PAK2+ lung cancer cell lines by 61%, where as A549, PAK1- cells showed no significant reduction. NL212 melanoma cells with an inserted LKB1-flagged gene showed 45% reduction in migration due to the tumor suppressor activity of LKB1. The proposed model could provide clinical impact as an in vitro diagnostic tool to assess tumor biopsies and drug development. Key Words: Cancer; Bioengineering; Biomaterials; Cell Migration; In Vitro Assay

Poster #

19

Presenter: Margaret Raabe, Biomedical Engineering 51 Advisor(s): Dr. Ajit Chaudhari Poster Title: The relationships between core stability and lower extremity loading while running: a simulation study Based on the belief that improving core stability (CS) may reduce one’s injury risk, CS is incorporated into many training and rehabilitation regimens, despite minimal scientific evidence supporting the benefits of these programs. The objective of this study is to establish causal relationships between core muscle strength and activation dynamics and lower extremity loading during running by systematically varying these parameters using the musculoskeletal modeling software OpenSim. We hypothesized muscle weakness would cause other core muscles to increase their force production, and a decreased muscle activation rate would cause earlier, stronger activations in other core muscles. The results mostly aligned with our hypotheses. Muscle weakness was more detrimental to maintaining unaltered kinematics than a decreased activation rate and the erector spinae muscle could tolerate the least amount of weakness, suggesting it may play the largest role in controlling running kinematics. Key Words: biomechanics, musculoskeletal modeling, injury prevention Presenter: Nidhi Seethapathi, Mechanical Engineering 52 Advisor(s): Dr. Manoj Srinivasan Poster Title: The Metabolic Cost of Changing Speeds In daily life, no one walks at exactly constant speed, except perhaps on a treadmill. People change their walking speed depending on the situation, and there is some metabolic energy cost for this transient speed change. Here, we measure and analyze the body motion and metabolic energy cost of 16 subjects when walking back and forth on a constant-speed treadmill. This back-forth motion was repeated for many amplitude-velocity-frequency combinations; for each combination, the metabolic rate showed a statistically significant increase over constant-speed walking. We considered a simple mathematical model for the metabolic rate increase, proportional to work required to produce the body kinetic energy changes. Fitting a line through the origin to the relation between model-predicted metabolic cost and the measured metabolic cost increase gives a straight line slope of about 0.7. A simple biped model with point-mass upper body predicts costs higher than the change in kinetic energy model. Key Words: biomechanics Presenter: Justo Torres-Rodriguez, Biomedical Engineering 53 Advisor(s): Dr. Samir Ghadiali Poster Title: COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATION OF EUSTACHIAN TUBE SONOTUBOMETERY TEST Otitis media (OM) is the most common disease for which children receive medical treatment and Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction (ETD) causes OM symptoms to persist. Data obtained from current diagnostic techniques, such as sonotubometry, cannot be correlated with changes in tissue mechanical properties to diagnose or study ETD. Our goal is to develop algorithms that can extract patient-specific information about ET mechanics from sonotubometric readings. This will allow for improved diagnosis and treatment of OM. We used a computational model of an adult patient's ET to simulate the acoustic sound transmission phenomena that occurs during sonotubometry. Sound levels in a ME chamber connected to the ET were recorded as a function of time during simulated swallowing conditions. Results are very similar to clinical output, ongoing simulations indicate that more accurate correlations will be possible since the max sound level is a strong function of muscle contraction. Key Words: Biomechanics, Computational modeling, Otitis Media, Eustachian Tube

Poster #

20

Presenter: Leonithas Volakis, Biomedical Engineering 54 Advisor(s): Dr. Samir Ghadiali Poster Title: Mechanics of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer and Non-Cancer Models Cancer metastasis is a major cause of death in the USA, with Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) playing a role in facilitating increased cancer cell invasion and motility. Current standards for characterizing EMT employ a number of molecular markers that are lost or gained during the transition. We specifically report on biomechanical (cell migration, adhesion, stiffness, traction force) changes during EMT in non-cancerous HaCaT keratinocytes and Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cells. Our lab previously demonstrated that induction of EMT via transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in A549 cells resulted in a dynamic change in cell mechanics and a subsequent decrease in cell stiffness after cells had detached from the tumor mass. In this study a very similar response was observed in cancerous Panc1 cells but was not observed in non-cancerous HaCaT cells where EMT result in a continual stiffening. Ongoing studies are investigating the mechanisms underlying this differential response. Key Words: Cancer Metastasis, Cell Mechanics, Tumor Microenvironment, EMT Presenter: Quan Yu, Computer Science Engineering 55 Advisor(s): Dr. Roger Crawfis Poster Title: Baby's Motion Tracking with Automatic Initialization In this poster, a vision surveillance system is built using Kinect V2 to detect babies' behaviors. We first track babies' motion, then analysis the motion to find out certain behaviors which might be related to some diseases. Because Kinect fails to capture babies' motion, we built a motion capture system using pure color markers and a single Kinect V2.The whole procedure of the system includes three steps: marker detection, tracking and motion analysis. Marker detection automatically detects pure color markers and output their positions and colors, as the input of tracking. The tracking step records 3D positions of markers through time. If a marker is successfully tracked in the RGB image, its 3D position can be retrieved by Kinect API. The motion analysis step detects meaningful clips of video containing good movements. A movement of a marker is considered good if it moves a certain distance in a certain time slot, and the duration of its extension is larger than a threshold. / Key Words: Kinect, Tracking, HSV, Automatic Initialization

Materials

Poster #

21

Presenter: Ebiji Akah, Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering 56 Advisor(s): Dr. Halil Sezen Poster Title: Progressive Collapse Testing and Analysis of a Steel Building This research studies the progressive collapse potential of an existing steel building, Haskett Hall, on the Ohio State University campus. Progressive collapse is the partial or complete collapse of a structure due to the loss of a supporting element. Haskett Hall was tested by removing one of the first-story columns to observe its collapse resistance and to evaluate current modeling and analysis guidelines. In this study, strains and deflections within neighboring beams and columns were measured during column removal. A structural analysis program, SAP2000, was used to create a two-dimensional model of the building to predict its response. Conflicting results detailed that experimental data achieved equilibrium, while theoretical data suggested failure. Therefore, a three-dimensional model is needed to account for slab contribution and nonlinear, dynamic effects. The goal of this study is to develop recommendations to improve procedures for progressive collapse analysis of buildings. Key Words: Progressive Collapse, Steel Building, Full-Scale Experiment, Linear Static Analysis, Design Guidelines, Modeling Guidelines Presenter: Jessica Alexander, Materials Science Engineering 57 Advisor(s): Dr. David McComb Poster Title: Investigation of the Use of Stereo-Pair Data Sets in Three-Dimensional Characterization of Organic-Based Solar Cells Organic photovoltaics have been fabricated that consist an active layer blend of P3HT and PCBM, in which nanoparticles (NPs) are incorporated to improve the efficiency of the device through plasmonic enhancement. Although the understanding of the interface between the active layer and the NPs is vital to understanding why the NPs improve the efficiency, little is known about the structure, chemistry and bonding at this interface. Therefore, methodologies to obtain 3D representations of the films are essential. However, electron beam damage in the TEM has been observed during the data collection, and so the challenge then becomes to collect enough data to reconstruct the 3D representation of the sample before any significant damage occurs. This work demonstrates that it may be possible to collect a stereo-pair data set of the samples, which requires fewer TEM images (resulting in less beam damage), for use in developing a 3D reconstruction of the interface between the OPV and the NPs. Key Words: organic photovoltaics, transmission electron microscopy, materials characterization Presenter: Katja Binkley, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 58 Advisor(s): Dr. Umit Ozkan Poster Title: La-doped strontium titanate as electrocatalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane in novel reactor system Olefins such as ethylene and propylene provide the building blocks for many consumer products. With the abundance of lower alkane feed stocks such as natural gas, new methods of converting alkanes to olefins are becoming increasingly of interest. One method of converting alkanes to olefins is by oxidative dehydrogenation. Utilizing a solid electrolyte reactor allows for the oxidative dehydrogenation to take place with potentially high selectivity as an O2- species is the reactant instead of gas phase oxygen. In this reactor setup, a current is supplied to pump the O2- species from the cathode to the anode, where the reaction takes place with the alkane feed. The present work focuses on lanthanum-doped strontium titanate as the anode side electrocatalyst for this novel reactor system. Key Words: oxidative dehydrogenation, ethylene, electrocatalysis, perovskite, strontium titanate

Poster #

22

Presenter: Yuanxin Chen, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 59 Advisor(s): Dr. W.S. Winston Ho Poster Title: New Membrane Structure and Compositions for CO2 Capture from Flue Gas Inorganic/polymer composite membrane was synthesized for carbon capture from flue gas. Two types of CO2-selective membranes were synthesized: (1) amine-based membranes and (2) ethylene oxide (EO)-based membranes. The former is based on the facilitated transport mechanism, while the latter is based on the solution-diffusion transport mechanism. The amine-containing membranes showed a CO2 permeance of more than 1100 GPU and a CO2/N2 selectivity of at least 200 at 57ºC. Based on this separation performance, the techno-economic analysis shows an increase of approximately 46% on the cost of electricity (COE) and a capture cost of $37.5/tonne CO2 captured for an air-sweep membrane process to achieve 90% CO2 recovery and 95% purity of the CO2 product. This membrane has already reached the DOE (U.S. Department of Energy) capture target of $40/tonne carbon dioxide captured for 2025. Key Words: membrane, polymer, separation Presenter: Venkata Siva Chillara, Mechanical Engineering 60 Advisor(s): Dr. Marcelo Dapino Poster Title: Morphing Panels for Aerodynamic Performance The objective of this research is to investigate morphing panels on a vehicle body for improved aerodynamic performance at high speeds. Morphing addresses the adaptation needed to switch body shape from a low velocity state to a high velocity state. For example, high ground clearance is critical at low speeds to negotiate bumps whereas low ground clearance is better suited at high speeds for aerodynamic performance. A morphing panel can address both these performance requirements. Actuation of these morphing panels may be achieved using smart materials like shape memory alloys, magnetostrictive materials, etc.Methodology: • Identify vehicle body shapes for aerodynamic drag reduction and examine smart material technologies to create appropriate shape changes • Propose shape morphing body concepts to reduce overall aerodynamic drag • Develop models and laboratory demonstrations to test the selected approaches and provide a basis for future development / Key Words: morphing, smart materials, automotive body panels Presenter: Thomas Daniels, Welding Engineering 61 Advisor(s): Dr. Boain Alexandrov Poster Title: Application of CMT in Dissimilar Metal Structural Weld Overlays on 304L Stainless Steel Cold metal transfer (CMT) is a novel low-heat input arc welding process capable of achieving low dilution values at high deposition rates. This study investigates CMT and its suitability to create dissimilar metal structural weld overlays (SWOLs) of high-chromium nickel base filler metals on 304L stainless steel. The investigation includes optimization of overlay parameters by minimizing defect occurrence and iron dilution in the weld metal through design of experiment. Metallurgical analysis aimed at characterizing element segregation during solidification is conducted using LOM, SEM, and EDS. Solidification cracking resistance of various dilutions values of filler metals using cast pin tear tests is also studied. Analysis shows dilution levels in SWOLs made using CMT to be lower than those known to cause solidification cracking in SWOLs made using GTAW. Solidification cracks were observed in neither single beads nor three layer overlays made with optimized welding parameters. Key Words: Overlay, Dissimilar Metal, High Chromium, Nuclear, Stainless Steel, CMT, Welding

Poster #

23

Presenter: Julia Deitz, Materials Science Engineering 62 Advisor(s): Dr. Tyler Grassman and Dr. David McComb Poster Title: Using Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging for Misfit Dislocation Characterization in Heteroepitaxial III-V/Si Thin Films. / Characterization of extended defects is of paramount importance to a wide range of technologically important crystalline materials used in semiconductor devices. Imaging such defects in thin samples via (scanning) transmission electron microscopy, (S)TEM, provides critical insight into their structure and distribution. However, this is a fundamentally low-throughput approach (i.e., sample thinning is time intensive) that can lead to significant delays in research and development cycles. Additionally, sample preparation artefacts can inadvertently impact the true nature of the sample (e.g., thinning can change the strain state of lattice-mismatched heteroepitaxial layers). Electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) can be performed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and provides an alternative, high-throughput approach for imaging of extended defects. Here, we report our observations of misfit dislocations in samples of heteroepitaxial GaP on Si(001) substrates. Key Words: Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging, thin films, characterization Presenter: Sara Grieshop, Materials Science Engineering 63 Advisor(s): Dr. R.G. Buchheit Poster Title: Comparison of the Corrosion Behavior of High Strength Aluminum Alloys after Exposure to ASTM B117 Exposure Aluminum-lithium-copper alloys are attractive to the aerospace industry because it presents load-bearing structural materials with lower density and increased corrosion resistance when compared to incumbent structural materials such as 7075 and 2024. While a key interest in these alloys is associated with increased corrosion resistance, no direct comparison of the bulk corrosion behavior observed in 7xxx and 2xxx series alloys to that observed in 2099 has been reported. ASTM B117 salt fog exposure tests were performed on 7075-T6, 7050-T6, 2024-T3, 2524-T3, and 2099-T3 samples to compare their corrosion behavior. Samples were exposed for 72, 120, and 168 hours and the resulting corrosion damage was characterized by microscopy and profilometry techniques. Optical microscopy of the 7xxx and 2xxx samples showed some coalesced pits and localized corrosion, while 2099 samples featured small pits across the sample surface. Analysis by optical profilometry revealed that 7xxx and 2xxx featu Key Words: Corrosion, AA2099, ASTMB117 Presenter: Mark Hornak, Materials Science Engineering 64 Advisor(s): Dr. Wolfgang Windl Poster Title: Defects and Optical Attenuation in Sapphire Fibers in Extreme Environments Sapphire-based optical fibers have the potential to operate, under extreme radiation and high temperature environments, where silica fibers fail. However, the influence of specific radiation-induced defects on optical attenuation, and the resulting environmental limits on fiber function are still little understood. Here, we determine the stable point defects, and their charges, in stoichiometric sapphire (α-Al2O3), along with the resulting changes in optical attenuation. Defect energetics and realistic band structures are calculated with DFT and hybrid functionals, and the chemical potentials of O and Al in the compound are determined from the requirement of stoichiometry. The optical attenuation from the point defects is calculated from the frequency dependent dielectric function. We find the dominant point defects are O and Al vacancies with varying charges, and attenuation peaks from O vacancies are near 200 nm, while the aluminum vacancies show steadily increasing attenuation. Key Words: Computational Modeling; Optical Materials; Defect Modeling; Optical Attenuation

Poster #

24

Presenter: Yujian Huang, Biomedical Engineering 65 Advisor(s): Dr. Mingjun Zhang Poster Title: Naturally Occurring Pressure-sensitive Adhesive for Tissue Engineering Here we show that the sundew adhesive is naturally occurring hydrogel, composed of water and nano-network-like frame structures. The assembly of polysaccharides in this nano-network is proposed to be relied on electrostatic bridge with divalent cations. Also, negatively charged nanoparticles with a mean size of 231.9 ± 14.8 nm in diameter were also discovered in sundew adhesive, playing structural role in the assembly of nano-networks. In addition, sundew adhesive demonstrates a well wettability to different types of surfaces and the flexibility of the framework structures in sundew adhesive contributes to the viscoelastic property. Moreover, as tissue engineering matrices, the nano-scaffolds formed by sundew adhesive show an increased cell binding property and low cytotoxicity, demonstrating the great potentials of sundew adhesive for biomedical application. Key Words: Sundew adhesive; Biomaterials; Tissue engineering. Presenter: Christine Jackson, Electrical and Computer Engineering 66 Advisor(s): Dr. Steve Ringel Poster Title: Interface Trap Characterization of ALD dieletrics/GaN MIS Capacitors Quantitative measurements of interface state density and energy distribution profiles within dielectric/GaN interfaces are obtained by constant capacitance deep level transient spectroscopy and deep level optical spectroscopy (CC-DLTS/DLOS). The new application of CC-DLOS to interface state measurement allows interrogation of very deep interface states. This method has been applied to study the interface formed by ALD of various dielectrics on GaN. The combination of the CC-DLTS/DLOS techniques with Internal Photo Emission (IPE) allows for a quantitative understanding of the band structure in such metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) devices, including band offsets, interface fixed charge, and interface state distribution. Key Words: electronic materials, GaN, defect characterization, atomic layer deposition

Presenter: Jiheon Jun, Materials Science Engineering 67 Advisor(s): Dr. Gerald Frankel Poster Title: Comparison on Pitting Corrosion of Regular and Clean Type 304 Stainless Steels The localized corrosion of a clean grade of Type 304 stainless steel (SS304), processed to have fewer and smaller inclusions, was compared with regular grade SS304. TEM analysis revealed that inclusions were composed of multiple phases that were either multi-element oxide or manganese sulfide (MnS). Oxide inclusions, which had only multi-oxide phases, were the dominant inclusion type in clean SS304, whereas MnS-containing inclusions, having both oxide and MnS phases together, were more frequent in regular SS304. The average size of inclusions was larger in regular SS304. Cyclic polarization tests showed that pitting potentials of clean SS304 were higher than regular SS304. Under exposure to strong oxidizing acid with Cl-, MnS-containing inclusions initiated pitting, whereas oxide inclusions did not, indicating that pit initiation is more frequent in regular SS304 because of more MnS inclusions. The fewer pit initiation sites in clean SS304 was the reason for higher pitting resistance. Key Words: Stainless steel, localized corrosion, inclusions, MnS

Poster #

25

Presenter: Benjamin Kowalski, Mechanical Engineering 68 Advisor(s): Dr. Prasad Mokashi Poster Title: Transient SH-Wave Interaction with a Cohesive Interface In fracture mechanics, one model of simulating material damage at a crack tip is called a cohesive zone. Such laws are the subject of study in the presented research. Cohesive zones present crack tips as smeared zones where the material transitions between states of material hardening and softening. The focus of the presented research is the softening portion of cohesive zone laws. The following research presents two semi-infinite bodies of dissimilar materials connected by an infinite interface. Interface material laws compared include a perfectly bonded relationship and a cohesive zone relationship as previously mentioned. Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) is completed with the propagation of a shear (SH) or out of plane wave source through the interface. The governing equations are solved iteratively in time for traction and displacement values at each element along the interface. Results for the cohesive zone interface are compared to the calibrated perfectly bonded case. Key Words: NDET, computational mechanics, cohesive zone, wave propagation Presenter: Yousub Lee, Welding Engineering 69 Advisor(s): Dr. Dave Farson Poster Title: Modeling of Process and Microstructure in DLD IN718 Deposits - Process Ni superalloys are widely used for hot section components in jet engines because they are very resistant to corrosion and maintain reasonably high strength at elevated temperature. However, the repair cost of the parts is high, partly due to the complexities of process variable optimization and control in laser cladding. In particular, optimizing the process parameters by experiments is time-consuming and costly. The microstructure and properties of the metal deposit are significantly influenced by values temperature gradient G and solidification rate R at the weld pool solidification boundary. Optimized values can help to reduce defects and improve properties of laser deposits. Optimization is hindered by the fact that the clad melt pool is hot and small, making in-situ measurement of such solidification conditions difficult. Numerical simulation of the laser deposition process is a possible alternative to experimental measurement to obtain values of clad solidification parameters. Key Words: Additive manufacturing, Transport simulation, weld pool, microstructure

Presenter: Thaddeus Song En Low, Materials Science Engineering 70 Advisor(s): Dr. Stephen R. Niezgoda Poster Title: Isothermal annealing of shocked zirconium: Stability of the two-phase alpha/omega microstructure Under high pressure conditions, Zr undergoes a phase transformation from its ambient equilibrium alpha phase to the omega phase. Upon returning to ambient conditions, the material retains a significant amount of metastable omega phase, with partial recovery into the alpha phase. This study presents an in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis of Zr samples previously shock-loaded to compressive peak stresses of 8 and 10.5 GPa which are annealed at temperatures of 443, 463, 483 and 503K. Quantitative tracking of the alpha phase volume fraction was performed, while the dislocation densities in both phases were tracked qualitatively using the RMS strains within the phases. The dislocation content decreases upon annealing, to lesser extent in the omega phase, leading to postulation that the omega to alpha transformation is restricted by pinning of dislocation structures within the omega phase. EBSD analysis is also performed to reaffirm the alpha/omega orientation relationship. Key Words: Zirconium, Synchrotron Diffraction, High Pressure, Phase Transformation, Annealing

Poster #

26

Presenter: Brelon May, Materials Science Engineering 71 Advisor(s): Dr. Roberto Myers Poster Title: Three-Dimensional Lattice Matching for Epitaxially Embedded Nanoparticles Since Mathews-Blakeslee developed a theory of atomic lattice matched thin films, epitaxy has been modeled using only 2D lattice matching conditions between arbitrary films. For a given degree of in-plane lattice mismatch, the theory predicts a critical film thickness above which interface defects form to relax the film strain. Here we present a three-dimensional model to predict the conditions for epitaxially encased nanoparticles, which includes not only the in-plane lattice matching, but also the out-of-plane mismatch. We find that the consideration of the out-of-plane strain, due to the Poisson effect, can greatly alter the critical volume compared to what the Mathews Blakeslee model predicts. Our results provide new insight to nanoepitaxy of low dimensional structures especially quantum dots and nanoprecipitates. Key Words: Epitaxy, Quantum Dots, Nanoparticles Presenter: Gauri Nabar, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 72 Advisor(s): Dr. Barbara Wyslouzil and Dr. Jessica O. Winter Poster Title: Small Angle Scattering studies of nanoparticle packing into block copolymer micelles Micellar nanocomposites are finding increasing applications in nanotechnology because they can encapsulate a variety of nanoparticles thereby creating multifunction nanoconstructs. We synthesize micelles of poly(styrene-b-ethyleneoxide) (PSPEO) co-encapsulating quantum dots (QDs) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONS) for in vitro cancer cell detection and manipulation. Successful nanocomposite production requires understanding the effect of process conditions and encapsulants on micelle morphology. Here, we present Small Angle X-ray and Neutron Scattering (SAXS and SANS) studies of micelles encapsulating different classes of nanoparticles. At high nanoparticle loading, the nanoparticles were found to adopt an ordered structure within the micelle core characterized by a single separation distance. Nanoparticle size and shape govern the QD and SPION packing efficiency in the micelles. Combined with other analytical tools such as Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) a Key Words: Nanotechnology Presenter: Pran Krishna Paul, Electrical and Computer Engineering 73 Advisor(s): Dr. Aaron Arehart Poster Title: Effects of Sodium on deep traps in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film grown by three stage co-evaporation process Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) is a promising absorber layer for thin-film photovoltaics due to its high optical absorption, low cost, and high material stability. It has been widely reported that the efficiency of CIGS solar cell is improved by the presence of Na during growth but the exact mechanism is far less understood [E. S. Mungun, et al., IEEE J. Photovoltaics 3, 451 (2013)]. Hence, here using deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and deep level optical spectroscopy (DLOS), we observed three deep trap levels with activation energies Ev+0.16eV, Ev+0.44eV and Ev+0.98eV. The only level that showed significant impact from the Na incorporation was the EV+0.98 eV whose concentration decreased by 4X. The decrease in this near conduction band minority carrier trap likely explains the improved performance of p-type CIGS solar cells with Na doping. Key Words: CIGS, DLTS, DLOS, Deep states

Poster #

27

Presenter: Janani Sampath, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 74 Advisor(s): Dr. Lisa Hall Poster Title: Effect of Aggregation on the Mechanical Properties of Ionomers From Molecular Dynamics Simulations Ionomers are polymers with a small fraction of charged monomers that have a wide range of applications from dental fixtures and packaging to actuators. Here we consider dense melts of ionomers and counterions with no solvent; an important aspect of their performance is the aggregation of ions, which holds polymer chains together like temporary cross-links. Because of the size scales involved, it is difficult to obtain a complete 3D microscopic picture of polymer aggregation; typically the thickness of a sample used in transmission electron microscopy is such that multiple overlapping aggregates appear together. How aggregate structure changes under strain and affects mechanical properties is even less clear. By performing MD simulations of ionomers of various architectures, we will show aggregate morphology and scattering profiles. Connecting these results with observed mechanical features and scattering will suggest how to design new ionomers with improved properties. Key Words: Molecular Dynamics Simulation Presenter: Jessica Lauren Slutzky, Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering 75 Advisor(s): Dr. Katrina Cornish Poster Title: Type IV Hypoallergenic Natural Rubber Thin Films: Multivariate Comparative Analysis of Ultra-low Protein Hevea Latex vs. Circumallergenic Guayule Latex Natural rubber latex (NRL) is used for thin film barrier applications such as condoms, medical gloves, and dental dams. Type I latex allergy sensitization and subsequent allergic reactions from Hevea natural rubber latex products have created an industry demand for thin film barriers that are circumallergenic (circumvent the allergic response). Also, both natural and synthetic thin film products are prone to causing Type IV contact dermatitis reactions and allergies, attributed to residual thiazole, thiuram, and carbamate accelerators.We have developed Type IV hypoallergenic NRL thin films using the accelerators diisopropyl xanthogen polysulphide (DIXP) and zinc alkyldithiocarbamate (ZDNC). DIXP is consumed during the vulcanization process, and skin tests have shown that ZDNC does not cause dermal reactions or delayed contact hypersensitivity, thus eliminating Type IV allergy sensitization. Two different natural rubber latices were compounded and optimized. / Key Words: Polymer Engineering Presenter: Matthew Snider, Materials Science Engineering 76 Advisor(s): Dr. Hendrik Verweij Poster Title: Colloidal and rapid thermal processing of low-temperature solid-oxide fuel cells. There are many advantages to operating SOFCs at low temperature (<500°C), including high thermodynamic efficiency, short ramp up/down times, and the potential for cell and stack designs to incorporate cheap and/or high-performing materials including metals and thin, flexible supporting structures. One major disadvantage is that, to overcome Ohmic and mass-transfer resistances, the components must be so thin, homogeneous, and defect-free that production on a large scale is difficult as well as cost-prohibitive. Colloidal syntheses and deposition coupled with rapid thermal processing may make such production simple and cheap. In this work, SOFCs with thicknesses <1um and active surface areas ~5cm^2 were fabricated and evaluated by voltammetry in operating conditions. Over 1000W/m^2 were produced at 450°C, which is excellent performance for SOFCs with large surface area. / Key Words: SOFC

Poster #

28

Presenter: Matthew Souva, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 77 Advisor(s): Dr. Barbara Wyslouzil Poster Title: Block Copolymer Micelles with Multiple Morphologies formed via Electrospray Enabled Interfacial Instability Nanoparticle technology holds promise for imaging, energy and computational application. Development of functional nanoparticles is critical for advancement, as are methods to increase robust production. Here, we describe a promising synthesis route, combining top-down electrospray with a bottom-up emulsion interfacial instability process to form micelle structures from amphiphilic block copolymers. Previously, micelle synthesis via interfacial instability was performed in batch and block copolymer amphiphiles formed spherical micelles. Here we use an electrospray method while controlling temperature and polymer loading. This increases production rate, encouraging for process optimization. Temperature and concentration control give access to different polymer assembly phases including worm-like micelles, consistent with previous phase diagram research. Both empty and functionally loaded nanostructures are produced with future application in payload delivery, imaging and diagnostics. Key Words: Nanotechnology, Polymer Science, Aerosol Science Presenter: Sanghyun Suh, Welding Engineering 78 Advisor(s): Dr. Boian Alexandrov Poster Title: Weldability Evaluation in Autogenous Welds of Alloys 230, 825, and 800H and in Dissimilar Metal Weld of Alloy 230 to P91 Steel The study is to investigate comparative evaluation of the susceptibility to solidification cracking and stress relaxation cracking in alloys 230, 825, and 800H. Furthermore, it is to study dissimilar metal weld in Alloys 230 and P91 steel. The casting pin tear test (CPTT) will be utilized for relative evaluation and ranking of susceptibility to solidification cracking. The decision of the rank of susceptibility to solidification cracking was based on maximum cast pin length without circumferential cracking. The susceptibility of stress relaxation cracking will be evaluated by SRC test that was based on a Gleeble. The range of holding temperature will be simulating the service temperature of 1000F or on stress relief temperatures provided by Shell. Metallurgical characterization utilizing LOM, SEM and EDS with the SEM will be performed on the SRC samples to study the failure mechanism and the morphology. Selection of possible filler metals for Alloy 230 and P91 Steel. Key Words: Stress relief cracking, Solidification cracking, Weldability, Alloy 230 Presenter: Leming Sun, Biomedical Engineering 79 Advisor(s): Dr. Mingjun Zhang Poster Title: Self-assembly of Cyclic Peptide Nanotubes (CPNs) for In Vivo Sensing Self-assembled cyclic peptide nanotubes (CPNs) have attracted increased research interest from the scientific communities due to their unique structural and functional properties. They have been proposed for diverse applications, including biosensors, photosensitive materials, antibiotic agents, transporters, and molecular electronics components. This study assembled various types of cyclic peptide-based nanotubes conjugated with DNA-based aptamers, which will serve as a sensing and actuating components. Upon binding of a target biomarker to the aptamers, a conformational change takes place allowing the nanorobots to release their payload. By taking advantages of the aptamer AS1411’s high binding affinity and specificity to the over expressed nucleolin on the cancer cell surface, our developed CPNs based nanorobots biosensor can distinguish cancer cells MCF-7 and normal ones L929. The results of this research will lead to a new way of CPNs based nanorobots for in vivo sensing. Key Words: Cyclic Peptide Nanotubes, Aptamers, Self-assembly, Nanorobots, In Vivo Sensing

Poster #

29

Presenter: Dongzhu Wu, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 80 Advisor(s): Dr. W.S. Winston Ho Poster Title: Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoporous Polyethersulfone Membrane via Vapor and Non-solvent Induced Phase Inversion Nanoporous polyethersulfone membranes were prepared by polyethersulfone (PES)/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP)/2-methoxyethanol (2-ME) casting solutions. With water as the coagulant, both of the vapor and non-solvent induced phase inversion processes were used in a successive sequence with varied parameters. 2-ME was applied in casting solutions as an additive for its high affinity with water, which could affect the final surface morphology of the membranes. Higher concentration of 2-ME in the casting solution could introduce more nuclei in the surface of the PES layer so that both pore size and porosity were increased. The effects of humidity, vapor exposure time, and water coagulation temperature are significant in the pore morphology of the PES membrane surface layer. The effects of different concentrations of PES were also studied. In addition, based on the abovementioned laboratory results, a pilot scale continuous casting machine was used to fabricate PES membranes. Key Words: Membrane preparation and structure, nanoporous membrane, polyethersulfone, phase inversion Presenter: Zihao Yang, Electrical and Computer Engineering 81 Advisor(s): Dr. Roberto Myers Poster Title: Spin-polarized charge accumulation layer in Pt-yttrium iron garnet bilayers Recently, the ferromagnetic oxide yttrium iron garnet (YIG) has gained prominence as a ferromagnetic insulator. However, it has been known that YIG exhibits a bandgap of 2.85eV, photoconductivity and band edge spin polarization. This provides evidence to which YIG may be better classified as a ferromagnetic semiconductor. The results reported here attempt to answer whether YIG is in fact a ferromagnetic semiconductor. If this is the case then spin polarized charge carriers may offer an alternate explanation to many recent thermal transport effects in YIG, such as the longitudinal spin-Seebeck effect. We report the observation of Ohmic conductivity across YIG using Pt contacts, suggesting that the band alignment between these materials forms a natural charge accumulation layer. Four-probe thickness dependent conductance measurements on Pt/YIG and Pt/GGG bi-layers shows that the interfacial charge accumulation layer in Pt/YIG bi-layers is two orders of magnitude higher than in Pt/GGG. Key Words: interface charge transport, ferromagnetic semiconductor YIG

Transportation

Poster #

30

Presenter: Stuart Benton, Aerospace Engineering 82 Advisor(s): Dr. Jeffrey Bons Poster Title: Fundamental Mechanisms in Active Flow Control Applied to Air Vehicle Systems Flow control in aerodynamic applications is currently an active area of research. The use of actuators and sensors to predict and control the flow over wings and other aerodynamic bodies allows for a significant expansion of the dynamic operational envelope typically hampered by boundary layer separation or “stall”. Understanding the unsteady response of the flow field to actuator input is a necessary prerequisite in the design of smart systems. We study a variety of actuator designs and make detailed measurements of the flow field to better understand the fluid dynamic mechanisms associated with control effectiveness. We make use of a variety of experimental techniques including surface flow visualization, hot-wire anemometry, time-resolved pressure measurements, infrared thermography, and particle image velocimetry to provide a complete picture of the flow field. Acoustic and fluidic actuators are investigated on airfoil sections used in air vehicles or low pressure turbines. Key Words: aerodynamics, flow control, particle image velocimetry, Presenter: Yu-Jen Chen, City and Regional Planning 83 Advisor(s): Dr. Gulsah Akar Poster Title: A Study on Joint and Individual Home-based Tours Using Activity-based Model Approach in Cincinnati Metropolitan Area, Ohio The goal of this study is to better understand joint travel making for home-based work tours and home-based shopping tours in Cincinnati Metropolitan Area. Four binary logit models are estimated to examine the determinants of joint travel incorporating socio-demographics, travel characteristics, and land-use features. Instead of including land-use variables separately in the models, K-means cluster analysis is performed to create six different neighborhood types. The results show different activity travel purposes may lead to different decision-making mechanisms on joint travel making. Also, the neighborhood types of residential locations and shopping destinations are shown to influence the decision on joint travel. Key Words: joint travel, travel demand, land use Presenter: Christopher Cosher, Aerospace Engineering 84 Advisor(s): Dr. Michael Dunn Poster Title: Response of Gas Turbine Engines to Volcanic Ash Environments Increased reliance on gas turbine powered aircraft travel, in conjunction with recent rises in volcanic activity throughout the world, have led to an interest in determining when operation around volcanic ash environments should be avoided. This extends not only to military operations, which were the subject of experiments by Baran and Dunn, but also to passenger and cargo services. As recently as 2010, airborne ash caused the closure of European airspace for up to six days when an Icelandic volcano, Eyjafjallajökull, erupted. Additionally, many Pacific islands are home to disruptive volcanic activity which has generated issues for flights through the region. Damage caused by operation in these adverse environments is highlighted by compressor erosion and turbine deposition. This work centers on expanding the understanding of volcanic ash cloud environments and will attempt to provide an indication of when an aircraft may be in operational danger within them. Key Words: Volcanic Ash Ingestion

Poster #

31

Presenter: Jiazheng Hong, Mechanical Engineering 85 Advisor(s): Dr. Ahmet Kahraman Poster Title: Load Distribution Analysis of Involute Splines Using Finite Element Analysis Involute splines are commonly used in mechanical drive systems to transfer rotary motion and torsion from one rotation component to another, say from a shaft to a gear or vice versa. In design of splines, all spline teeth are often assumed to have identical load distribution. However, load distribution of splines is far from uniform due to asymmetric loading conditions, design variations and manufacturing errors. A finite element model for spline load distribution analysis has been developed in this study. Using this model, load distributions of splines under different loading conditions are characterized. Influences of design variations such as misalignments and tooth surface modifications are investigated. Effects of manufacturing errors on spline load distribution are also quantified. Key Words: Involute splines, load distribution, finite element. Presenter: Matthew Metka, Mechanical Engineering 86 Advisor(s): Dr. Jim Gregory Poster Title: Active Flow Control for Ground Vehicles Aerodynamic drag can account for more than 60% of total load at highway speeds and is an increasingly important consideration for improving fuel economy of cars, trucks and SUVs. Much work is done during the design and development phase to reduce the drag coefficient, however shape modifications are constrained by functional and styling considerations. The integration of active flow control devices into vehicle design shows promise for greater reductions in drag coefficient. The use of fluidic oscillators for separation control at the rear of the Ahmed vehicle model was examined to reduce wake size and drag. A fluidic oscillator is a simple device that generates a sweeping jet output, similar to a windshield wiper spray nozzle, and is increasingly recognized as an efficient means to control separation. Initial tests showed drag reductions near 20% relative to the squareback baseline. Key Words: aerodynamics, flow control, drag reduction, fuel economy Presenter: Guchan Ozbilgin, Electrical and Computer Engineering 87 Advisor(s): Dr. Umit Ozguner Poster Title: Using Scaled Down Testing to Improve Full Scale Intelligent Transportation This study illustrates a methodology to reduce the time and effort spent on full-scale Intelligent Transportation System testing, through the use of small- scale testbeds. Scaled down testing platforms enable the researchers to implement, compare, and assess different architectures for intelligent transportation by deploying hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation and testing, giving strong indications on the performance and high-level behavior of such systems at full scale. The performance of the scaled down testing is illustrated using a specific example based on an autonomous parking. The approach is demonstrated on intelligent transportation system testbed in The Ohio State University Control and Intelligent Transportation Research Laboratory. The detailed experimental results show the applicability and robustness of the proposed system. Key Words: Autonomous Vehicles; Intelligent Transportation Systems; Automated Parking; Mobile Robots; Testbeds

Poster #

32

Presenter: Logan Riley, Aerospace Engineering 88 Advisor(s): Dr. Datta Gaitonde Poster Title: Assessment of CFD Predictive Capabilities to Model Heat Transfer Augmentation in a Hypersonic Flow with Isolated Roughness The ability of several one- and two-equation turbulence models to predict heat transfer was investigated for Mach 6 flow past an isolated square roughness element. Imperfections on an aerodynamic surface in the form of discrete (isolated) roughness elements can significantly enhance heat transfer by initiating boundary-layer transition. Consequently, increased heat transfer loads through roughness-induced boundary-layer transition are of particular interest in the design of thermal protection systems (TPS) in hypersonic vehicles. In this investigation, a square roughness element with a height k of 0.8 mm and a side length a of 4 mm was examined via laminar and turbulent Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations. Computational results obtained using the CFD++ (Metacomp Technologies) code were compared against experimental data in the open literature in order to characterize the performance of several turbulence models to predict heat transfer in transitional hypersonic flow. Key Words: hypersonics, roughness, CFD, turbulence Presenter: William Weimer, Materials Science Engineering 89 Advisor(s): Dr. Gerald Frankel Poster Title: Next Generation Automotive Metals For better gas mileage, cars must be made lighter. Metals with less density than conventional automotive steels, such as aluminum and magnesium alloys, perform differently from a durability standpoint, and are affected by the environment in unique ways. Accelerated environmental exposure testing can aid in justifying the incorporation of new materials. The US Department of Energy, in conjunction with the big three American automakers, is funding a research initiative to incorporate lighter metals, namely magnesium, as a structural metal in autos. Key Words: corrosion, electrochemistry, light metals, structural metals, auto, automotive, automotive materials, magnesium

Presenter Listing

33

Ebiji Akah

Jessica Alexander

Saif Alsaif

Joseph Barker

Cindy Barrera

Stuart Benton

Katja Binkley

Haiwei Cai

Alex Campbell

Li Chen

Minghui Chen

Yuanxin Chen

Yu-Jen Chen

Venkata Siva Chillara

Christopher Cosher

Thomas Daniels

Julia Deitz

Greg Freisinger

Ben Goldberg

Sara Grieshop

Mariantonieta

Gutierrez Soto

Matt Handford

Rebecca Hanes

Jiazheng Hong

Mark Hornak

Huimin Huang

Yujian Huang

Christine Jackson

Zac Jankovsky

Xinghua Jia

Varun Joshi

Jiheon Jun

Seungbeom Kang

Zachary Kenitzer

William Kenny

Hussam Khasawneh

Benjamin Kowalski

Yousub Lee

Feiran Lei

Jacqueline Lewis

Yuanxin Li

Long Lin

Thaddeus Song En

Low

Antriksh Luthra

Qiuping Lv

Ashley Matheny

Brelon May

Darshan Mehta

Matthew Metka

Golnazalsadat

Mirfenderesgi

Scott Monfort

Omar Mora

Timothy Morin

Gauri Nabar

Daisuke Nagase

Tyler Nelson

Matthew Noerpel

Stephen Nogar

Robert Northcutt

Guchan Ozbilgin

Sumant Patankar

Pran Krishna Paul

Lindsay Pease

Cody Price

Margaret Raabe

Mohammad Hossein

Rafiei

Hamed Rahimian

Aruna Ravi

Kai Ren

Logan Riley

Andrew Roettgen

Witopo Salim

Janani Sampath

Rachel Sebian

Nidhi Seethapathi

Jessica Lauren

Slutzky

Matthew Snider

Matthew Souva

Sanghyun Suh

Leming Sun

Justo Torres-

Rodriguez

Leonithas Volakis

Zongsu Wei

William Weimer

Dustin West

Dongzhu Wu

Zihao Yang

Quan Yu

Mai Zheng