Table of contents Introduction MBT in Germany Conclusions for Latvia
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Transcript of Table of contents Introduction MBT in Germany Conclusions for Latvia
Waste Management and Environment-Integrating Management Waste Management and Environment-Integrating Management
Development of mechanical biological treatment of municipal waste in Latvia on
the basis of a pilot-project in “Viduskurszeme”
Dipl.-Ing. Joerg Wagner
INTECUS Waste Management and Environment-Integrating Management
Waste Management and Environment-Integrating Management Waste Management and Environment-Integrating Management
Table of contents
1. Introduction
2. MBT in Germany
3. Conclusions for Latvia
4. Examples from the implementation in Germany
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Introduction - Achieving the Waste Management Goals
Germany:Technical Instruction on Waste from Human Settlements (TASi) with execution of the ban of the above-ground storage of biodegradable waste since the 1st of June 2005- Switzerland: Landfill ban for combustible waste since 2000- Norway: Landfill ban for biodegradable waste since 2001- Austria: Landfill ban for untreated waste since 2004 Goal 2020: Full recovery of municipal solid waste by 2020
Europe:Council Directive on the landfill of waste (99/31/EC)- stepwise reduction of the landfilling of biodegradable waste (target: to 65 % until 2016 – relevance for climate change 3.5 Mio. tons of
CH4)
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Introduction - Possible Opportunities
(among others a high share of biodegradable waste, i.e. biowaste => composting)
Separate Collection and
utilization of waste
Separation of recyclable waste
fractions recirculation into the material circular flow
Incineration of waste
Mineralization/ Inertization of organic waste fractions by
oxidation under high temperatures
Mechanical-biological Treatment
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Introduction - Goals of mechanical-biological treatment
1. Volume reduction of waste to be landfilled to minimize the necessary landfill capacity and to prolong the operating life of a landfill.
2. Reduction of the microbiological activityof the biodegradable waste fraction so that the uncontrolled generation of climate-damaging landfill gas is minimized as far as possible.
3. Mass reduction of dangerous substanceswhich otherwise will elute to the leachate on the landfill and can led to a groundwater contamination if the leachate is not collected and treated.
4. Material and energy recoveryby material separation and where applicable generation of refused derived fule (RDF) or biogas (MBT-plants with anaerobic digestion)
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MBT in Germany - Legal framework
strong requirements for the output stream designated for landfill disposal (difficult to reach)
strong requirements on the exhaust air emissions (exhaust air treatment by Regenerative Thermal Oxidiser Systems needed)
no legal requirements for high calorific fraction (RDF), only quality requirements
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MBT in Germany - Requirements on RDF-qualityPotential consumer Calorific
value Granulometric
properties Content of
chlorine
Waste incineration 6-12 MJ/kg no special requirements
no special requirements
Grate combustion < 300 mm
Fluidized bed combustion
< 100 mm
WtE-plants
Pyrolysis
11-17 MJ/kg
< 300 mm
< 2 %
pit coal (dust feeding) > 14 MJ/kg < 20 mm
brown coal (dust feeding)
> 11 MJ/kg < 25 mm
Industrial co-incineration
brown coal (fluidized bed combustion)
> 11 MJ/kg < 50 mm
< 1 %
Primary firing system > 20 MJ/kg < 30 mm
Calciner firing system 14-18 MJ/kg < 35 mm
Cement kiln
Fluidized bed combustion
> 11 MJ/kg < 50 mm
< 1 %
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MBT in Germany - Principle of the process
Material flow oriented approach
Separation of the mixed waste in:
- waste for material recovery- waste for energy recovery- waste for biological treatment
Stabilization and drying of waste for energy recovery
Treatment of waste for a low-emission landfilling
2 basic processes
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Fractioning of output flow with regard to total output of two typical plant concepts
Residual waste (100 %) Mechanical
pre-treatmentand
stream separation
55 %Organic fraction
Biological stage
Anaerobic stage(optional)
Ferric metals
Non-ferric metals
High calorific fraction (RDF)
Loss of mass(biodegradation, evaporation, potentially max. 10 % Biogas)
Material for landfilling
Mechanical-Biological Treatment
Material (dust, etc. for thermal treatment)
Ferric metals
Non-ferric metals
Glass
Minerals
High calorific fraction (RDF)
Loss of mass(biodegradation, evaporation)
Mechanicalpre-treatment
andstream separation
Biologicaldrying/
stabilization
Stabilized fraction70 %
Residual waste (100 %)
Mechanical-Biological Stabilization
MBT in Germany - Principle processes
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MBT in Germany - Implementation of MBT in Germany
Biological process stage is the most important distinctive feature
Capability must be proved in
practice
Ambitious technology but good results in reduction of
organic fraction
Sophisticated and safe technology, some problems to meet the limit values of the
German landfill directive
Sophisticated technology, but sales problems for stabilized material for utilization
Mechanical-biological Treatment
5,506,200 tons/a (48 plants)
MBT with Percolation
339,600 tons/yr. (3 plants)
Anaerobic Digestion Process
1,072,500 tons/yr.
(10 plants)
Aerobic Composting Process
1,967,100 tons/yr.
(19 plants)
Stabilization-Process
2,127,000 tons/yr.
(16 plants)
ISKA-Process
239 ,600 tons/yr.
(2 plants, closed)
ZAK- Process
100 ,000 tons/yr. (1 plant)
Dry-Process
555,000 tons/yr.
(5 plants)
Wet-Process
517,500 tons/yr.
(5 plants)
Tunnel- Reactor
1,754,100 tons/yr.
(16 plants)
Rotting- Container
83,000 tons/yr.
(1 plants)
Windrow-
Composting
130,000 tons/yr.
(2 plants)
Mechanical-biological Drying
1,657,000 tons/yr. (13 plants)
Mechanical-physical
Drying 470,000 tons/yr.
(3 plants)
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MBT in Germany - Implementation of MBT in GermanyMaterial flow of German MBT and MT-plants extrapolated to the overall stock of plants in 2006
High-calorific fraction
MBT- and MT-plants
42 % high calorific fraction
21 % loss of mass (biodegradation, drying)
3 % recyclables
26 % material for landfilling
reduction of necessary landfill volume:70 %
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MBT in Germany – Investment costs
Exemplary investment costs of a rotting container – MBT(capacity 65,000 tons per year)
• investment cost ranges from 250 to 360 EURO per ton input capacity
• mass specific costs of MBT between 80 and 140 EURO per ton
Position Investment costs Site development 3.095.000 Euro Building 5.530.000 Euro Office and staff rooms 400.000 Euro Machinery and process technology 5.100.000 Euro Rotting containers 1.100.000 Euro Ventilation and dedusting engineering 1.300.000 Euro Regenerative thermal oxidiser system 2.000.000 Euro Building services 850.000 Euro Mobile equipment (wheel loader, digger etc.) 670.000 Euro Total 20,045,000 EUR
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MBT in Germany - Problems
The ambitious environmental standards in Germany make the MBT-technology expensive and not cheaper than incineration.
Under German conditions MBT is a pre-treatment-technology before thermal treatment not an alternative to incineration.
Technical problems of the starting phase of the technology are solved as far as possible (except problems with Regenerative Thermal Oxidiser Systems for exhaust air treatment).
At the moment there are marketing problems with the high calorific fraction because of insufficient capacities for thermal utilization and the quality of the high calorific fraction.
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Conclusions for Latvia
The framework conditions (resp. legal framework) must be adapted on the efficiency of MBT-technology!
The high calorific fraction must be processed to RDF which meets the specific quality requirements of the consumers (cement kilns, power stations, etc.)!
MBT must be embedded in working material stream concepts!
The result are lower emissions and an improvement of the disposal behaviour of residual waste.
Reduction of - the heavy metal content of waste up to 90 %,- the reactivity of organic fraction up to 95 % and - the waste volume of more than 60 %
Increase of the recovery of reusable materials and the utilization of the energetic potential of residual waste.
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Conclusions for Latvia - Conditions of RDF-utilization
Waste composition
Metal packaging (aluminium); 0.9%
Plastic (mixed); 18.8%
Paper and cardboard (mixed);
24.9%
Glass (mixed); 5.6%
Biodegradable waste (mixed);
35.7%
Garden an park waste; 4.5%
Incombustible waste (ash, soil, mineral waste)
6.8%
Other; 2.8%
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Calorific value of Latvia residual waste (estimated)
Share [%]
Calorific value MJ/kg
Metal packaging 0,9 0 Plastic (mixed) 18,8 32,9 Glass (mixed) 5,6 0 Paper and cardboard (mixed) 24,9 11,0 Biodegradable waste (mixed) 35,7 3,6 Garden an park waste 4,5 3,8 Incombustible waste 6,8 3,6 Other 2,8 5,8 Average 10,8
Conclusions for Latvia - Conditions of RDF-utilization
- high content of plastics and paper/cardboard cause a comparatively high calorific value
- unclear is the content of hazardous substances (e.g. chlorine)
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Conclusions for Latvia - Principle processes
Low calorific fraction
Biological treatment
Mechanical after-treatment
Mechanical pre-treatment
Residual waste
High calorific fraction
Thermaltreatment
Landfill
Utilization/Landfill
Final rotting process- for waste which allows a
mechanical treatment without drying
- mechanical stage: e.g. sieving drum, magnetic separator, sorting cabin (to separate PVC)
- biological stage: aerated windrow heap composting
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Conclusions for Latvia - Principle processes
Mechanical pre-treatment
Residual waste
Biological treatment
Mechanical after-treatment
Materialrecovery
Energyrecovery
Dry stabilization process - for waste with high moisture content which complicates mechanical treatment
- biological stage: aerated windrow heap composting
- mechanical stage: e.g. sieving drum, magnetic separator
- disadvantage: separation of PVC is complicated because of the smaller grain size of the material after the biological stage
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Conclusions for Latvia – Investment costs
- investment costs in Germany ranges from 250 to 360 EURO per ton input capacity
- costs in Latvia may be lower because there is no demand on exhaust air treatment by Regenerative Thermal Oxidiser Systems and the rotting technology must not meet the strong German criteria for landfilling
- 150 to 200 EURO per ton input capacity can be expected
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Conclusions for Latvia
Particularly with regard to the challenges of a
country with a landfill oriented waste
management system the MBT-technology is a
promising and future-oriented approach!
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Examples from the implementation in GermanySimple concept – MBT on a landfill (first tests in Germany in the early 90ies)
Preliminary homogenizing of residual waste at the landfillCosts: 25-30 EURO per ton
Biological treatment of residual wastein simple heaps at the landfill
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MBT – Mechanical-Biological Treatment
Rotting boxes(Intensive rotting stage)
Examples from the implementation in Germany
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MBT – Mechanical-Biological Treatment
Mechanical stage of the MBT-plant Cröbern (System provider: Linde-KCA GmbH Dresden)Capacity:300,000 tons per year
Examples from the implementation in Germany
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MBT – Mechanical Biological Treatment
Rotting hall for biological residual waste treatment. Biomechanical waste treatment plant, Salzburg: aerated heaps, started operation in 1987. (source: Linde KCA Dresden)Capacity:140,000 tonsper year
Examples from the implementation in Germany
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MBT – Mechanical Biological Treatment
Overview about the anaerobic digestion plant in Freienhufen(system providers: KompTech/HAASE)Capacity:50,000 tons per year
Examples from the implementation in Germany
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MBS – Mechanical-Biological Stabilization
Modular, and thus expandable, system of containers for the biological treatment of waste (Stralsund/Rügen)(System provider: Nehlsen AG, Bremen)Capacity:70,000 tons per year
Examples from the implementation in Germany
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MPS – Mechanical-Physical Stabilization (Drying Process)
Drying drum of the MPS Berlin-PankowCapacity:160,000 tons per year
Examples from the implementation in Germany
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www.cluster-umwelt.de
German associations for technology-export
www.saxutec.de
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Thank you for your attention!Grad.-Eng. Joerg Wagner
INTECUS GmbHManagement Management and Environment-Integrating Management
Pohlandstr. 17D-01309 DresdenGermany
fon: +49 (351) 3182314fax: +49 (351) 3182333email: [email protected]: www.intecus.de
Grad.-Eng. Egidijus Semeta
SIA VentEKOInteliģenti vides risinājumi
Rīgas iela 22. PiņķiLV-2107Latvija
fon: +371 67913155fax: +371 67913156email: [email protected]: www.venteko.lv