TABACOO ABUSE

7/29/2019 TABACOO ABUSE

1/5

TABACOO ABUSE

INTRODUCTION

Tobacco is a product processed from the dried leaves of plants in the genusNicotiana. It can be

used as a pesticide, and extracts form ingredients of some medicines and is commonly consumedas a drug. Tobacco is a name for any plant of the genus Nicotiana of the Solanaceae family

(nightshade family) and for the product manufactured from the leaf used in cigars and cigarettes,snuff, pipe tobacco, chewing tobacco and flavored shisha. Tobacco plants are also used in plant

bioengineering, and some of the more than 70 species are grown as ornamentals. The chief

commercial species, N. tabacum, is believed native to tropical America, like most nicotianaplants, but has been so long cultivated that it is no longer known in the wild.N. rustica, a species

producing fast-burning leaves, was the tobacco originally raised in Virginia, but it is now grown

chiefly in Turkey, India, and Russia. The health effects of tobacco are the circumstances,

mechanisms, and factors of tobacco consumption on human health. Epidemiological research hasbeen focused primarily on cigarette tobacco smoking, which has been studied more extensively

than any other form of consumption.HISTORY

Tobacco had already long been used in the Americas when European settlers arrived and

introduced the practice to Europe, where it became popular. Many Native American tribes have

traditionally grown and used tobacco with some cultivation sites in Mexico dating back to 1400-1000 B.C. Eastern North American tribes carried large amounts of tobacco in pouches as a

readily accepted trade item, and often smoked it in peace pipes, either in defined sacred

ceremonies, or to seal a bargain, and they smoked it at such occasions in all stages of life, even in

childhood. It was believed that tobacco is a gift from the Creator, and that the exhaled tobaccosmoke carries one's thoughts and prayers to heaven.

Before the development of lighter Virginia and White Burley strains of tobacco, the smoke wastoo harsh to be inhaled traditionally by Native Americans in ceremonial use or by Europeans

who used it in the form of pipes and cigars. Inhaling "rough" tobacco without seriouslydamaging the lungs in the short term required smoking only small quantities at a time using a

pipe like the midwakh orkiseru or smoking newly invented waterpipes such as the bong or the

hookah (See Thuoc lao for a modern continuance of this practice). Inhaling smoke was already

common in India and China through the consumption ofcannabis and opium millennia before.

TYPES OF TOBACCO

Aromatic fire-curedis cured by smoke from open fires. In the United States, it is grownin northern middle Tennessee, central Kentucky and in Virginia. Fire-cured tobacco

grown in Kentucky and Tennessee are used in some chewing tobaccos, moist snuff, some

cigarettes, and as a condiment in pipe tobacco blends. Another fire-cured tobacco isLatakia, which is produced from oriental varieties of N. tabacum. The leaves are cured

and smoked over smoldering fires of local hardwoods and aromatic shrubs in Cyprus and

Syria.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotiana#Specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_pipeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwakhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiseruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hookahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuoc_laohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_tobacco#Aromatic_Fire-curedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_tobacco#Aromatic_Fire-curedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentuckyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennesseehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latakia_%28tobacco%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latakia_%28tobacco%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennesseehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentuckyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_tobacco#Aromatic_Fire-curedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuoc_laohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hookahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiseruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwakhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_pipeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotiana#Specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drughttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaves


2/5

Brightleaf tobacco, Brightleaf is commonly known as "Virginia tobacco", oftenregardless of the state where they are planted. Prior to the American Civil War, most

tobacco grown in the US was fire-cured dark-leaf. This type of tobacco was planted infertile lowlands, used a robust variety of leaf, and was either fire cured or air cured. Most

Canadian cigarettes are made from 100% pure Virginia tobacco.

Burley tobacco, is an air-cured tobacco used primarily for cigarette production. In theU.S., burley tobacco plants are started from palletized seeds placed in polystyrene traysfloated on a bed of fertilized water in March or April.

Cavendishis more a process of curing and a method of cutting tobacco than a type. Theprocessing and the cut are used to bring out the natural sweet taste in the tobacco.

Cavendish can be produced from any tobacco type, but is usually one of, or a blend of

Kentucky, Virginia, and burley, and is most commonly used for pipe tobacco and cigars.

Criollo tobaccois a type of tobacco, primarily used in the making of cigars. It was, bymost accounts, one of the original Cuban tobaccos that emerged around the time of

Columbus.

Dokha, is a tobacco originally grown in Iran, mixed with leaves, bark, and herbs forsmoking in a midwakh.

HEALTH EFFECTS OF TOBACCO

Tobacco is the single greatest cause of preventable death globally. Tobacco use leads most

commonly to diseases affecting the heart, liver and lungs, with smoking being a major risk factor

forheart attacks, strokes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (including emphysemaand chronic bronchitis), and cancer (particularly lung cancer, cancers of the larynx and mouth,

andpancreatic cancer). It also causes peripheral vascular disease and hypertension. The effects

depend on the number of years that a person smokes and on how much the person smokes.

Starting smoking earlier in life and smoking cigarettes higher in tarincreases the risk of these

diseases. Also, environmental tobacco smoke, or secondhand smoke, has been shown to cause

adverse health effects in people of all ages. Cigarettes sold in underdeveloped countries tend to

have higher tar content, and are less likely to be filtered, potentially increasing vulnerability to

tobacco-related disease in these regions.

HEALTH EFFECTS

A person's increased riskof contracting disease is directly proportional to the length of time that

a person continues to smoke as well as the amount smoked. However, if someone stops smoking,

then these chances gradually decrease as the damage to their body is repaired. A year after

quitting, the risk of contracting heart disease is half that of a continuing smoker.[15]

The health
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_tobacco#Brightleaf_tobaccohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_tobacco#Brightleaf_tobaccohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burley_%28tobacco%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burley_%28tobacco%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarettehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavendish_tobaccohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavendish_tobaccohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentuckyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burley_%28tobacco%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criollo_tobaccohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criollo_tobaccohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwakhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_infarctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emphysemahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_bronchitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngeal_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertensionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar_%28tobacco_residue%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underdeveloped_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-urlBenefits_of_Quitting_-_American_Lung_Association-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-urlBenefits_of_Quitting_-_American_Lung_Association-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-urlBenefits_of_Quitting_-_American_Lung_Association-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-urlBenefits_of_Quitting_-_American_Lung_Association-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riskhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underdeveloped_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar_%28tobacco_residue%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertensionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngeal_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_bronchitishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emphysemahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_infarctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwakhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criollo_tobaccohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burley_%28tobacco%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentuckyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavendish_tobaccohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarettehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burley_%28tobacco%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_tobacco#Brightleaf_tobacco


3/5

risks of smoking are not uniform across all smokers. Risks vary according to amount of tobacco

smoked, with those who smoke more at greater risk. Light cigarette smoking still poses a

significant (though reduced) health risk, as does pipe and cigar smoking. Smoking so-called

"light" cigarettes does not reduce the risk.

MortalityMale and female smokers lose an average of 13.2 and 14.5 years of life, respectively .

[24]Each

cigarette that is smoked is estimated to shorten life by an average of 11 minutes.[25][26][27]

According to the results of a 50 year study of 34,486 male British doctors, at least half of alllifelong smokers die earlier as a result of smoking.

[17]

Smokers are three times as likely to die before the age of 60 or 70 as non-smokers.

CancerThe primary risks of tobacco usage include many forms of cancer, particularly lung cancer,

kidney cancer, cancer of the larynx and head and neck, breast cancer, bladder cancer, cancer of

the esophagus, cancer of the pancreasand stomach cancer.

There is some evidence suggesting a small increased risk of myeloid leukaemia, squamous cellsinonasal cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, cancers ofthe gallbladder, the adrenal gland, the

small intestine, and various childhood cancers. Recent studies have established a stronger

relationship between tobacco smoke, including secondhand smoke, and cervical cancer inwomen.

[

CardiovascularInhalation of tobacco smoke causes several immediate responses within the heart and bloodvessels. Within one minute the heart rate begins to rise, increasing by as much as 30 percentduring the first 10 minutes of smoking. Carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke exerts its negative

effects by reducing the bloods ability to carry oxygen. Both of these conditions can become

permanent with prolonged use of cigarettes.

Smoking also increases the chance of heart disease, stroke, atherosclerosis, and peripheral

vascular disease. Several ingredients of tobacco lead to the narrowing of blood vessels,increasing the likelihood of a blockage, and thus a heart attackorstroke. According to a study by

an international team ofresearchers, people under 40 are five times more likely to have a heart

attack if they smoke.

Psychological"Smokers often report that cigarettes help relieve feelings of stress. However, the stress levels of

adult smokers are slightly higher than those of nonsmokers, adolescent smokers report increasing

levels of stress as they develop regular patterns of smoking, and smoking cessation leads to

reduced stress. Far from acting as an aid for mood control, nicotine dependency seems to

exacerbate stress. This is confirmed in the daily mood patterns described by smokers, with

normal moods during smoking and worsening moods between cigarettes. Thus, the apparent
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-pmid12002168-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-pmid12002168-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-pmid12002168-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-m11-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-m11-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-Doll_2004-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-Doll_2004-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-Doll_2004-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngeal_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_and_neck_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladder_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myeloid_leukaemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squamous_cell_carcinomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squamous_cell_carcinomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorectal_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallbladder_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocortical_carcinomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_intestine_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_intestine_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-pmid9445794-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-pmid9445794-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-pmid9445794-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atherosclerosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_vascular_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_vascular_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_infarctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Schoenbergerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Schoenbergerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_infarctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_vascular_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_vascular_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atherosclerosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strokehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-pmid9445794-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_intestine_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_intestine_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocortical_carcinomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallbladder_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorectal_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squamous_cell_carcinomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squamous_cell_carcinomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myeloid_leukaemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladder_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_and_neck_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngeal_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-Doll_2004-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-m11-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-m11-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco#cite_note-pmid12002168-24


4/5

relaxant effect of smoking only reflects the reversal of the tension and irritability that develop

during nicotine depletion. Dependent smokers need nicotine to remain feeling normal."

Female infertilitySmoking is harmful to the ovaries, potentially causing female infertility, and the degree of

damage is dependent upon the amount and length of time a woman smokes. Nicotine and otherharmful chemicals in cigarettes interfere with the bodys ability to create estrogen, a hormone

that regulates folliculogenesis and ovulation. Also, cigarette smoking interferes with

folliculogenesis, embryo transport, endometrial receptivity, endometrial angiogenesis, uterine

blood flow and the uterine myometrium. Some damage is irreversible, but stopping smoking can

prevent further damage.Smokers are 60% more likely to be infertile than non-smokers.

Smoking

reduces the chances of IVF producing a live birth by 34% and increases the risk of an IVF

pregnancy miscarrying by 30%

CONCLUSION

Tobacco companies spend approximately 90% of their marketing rupees on point-of-sale

promotion and price discounts. They invest billions at the point-of-sale because they know that

their marketing pays off in the form of new, young customers who, because of the powerful

addictive properties of nicotine, are likely to be life-long tobacco users. The Surgeon Generals

report makes it clear that tobacco marketingand marketing at the point-of-sale in particularis

increasing youth tobacco use rates. But the Report also demonstrates that by adequately funding

comprehensive tobacco control programs and by supporting efforts to restrict point-of-sale

marketing, state and local governments can deprive the industry of its replacement consumers.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_infertilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folliculogenesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folliculogenesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_infertility


5/5

REFERENCES

"WHO REPORT on the global TOBACCO epidemic" (PDF). World HealthOrganization. 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-01.

"The Global Burden of Disease 2004 Update" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2008.Retrieved 2008-01-01.

"Chapter 1: Introduction and Approach to Causal Inference". 2004 Surgeon General'sReportThe Health Consequences of Smoking (PDF). Washington DC: Department of

Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Centerfor Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.

2004. Retrieved 2009-05-24.
http://www.who.int/entity/tobacco/mpower/mpower_report_full_2008.pdfhttp://www.who.int/entity/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/sgr_2004/00_pdfs/chapter1.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/sgr_2004/chapters.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/sgr_2004/chapters.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/sgr_2004/chapters.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/sgr_2004/chapters.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/sgr_2004/chapters.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/sgr_2004/chapters.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/sgr_2004/00_pdfs/chapter1.pdfhttp://www.who.int/entity/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdfhttp://www.who.int/entity/tobacco/mpower/mpower_report_full_2008.pdf

TABACOO ABUSE

Documents

Transcript of TABACOO ABUSE