05/01/2023 1

Tablets

Presenting by, Rina Parveen. H, 1st year M.Pharm, Grace college of pharmacy, Palakkad.

2

Tablets are solid, flat or biconvex discs, prepared by compressing a drug or a mixture of drugs, with or without diluents. They vary in shape and differ greatly in size and weight, depending on the amount of medicinal substances and the mode of administration.

05/01/2023

05/01/2023 3

DIFFERENT TYPE OF TABLETS

05/01/2023 4

Types of TabletsTablets are classified by four types

Oral tablet for ingestion

Tablet used in oral cavity

Tablet administered by other routes

Tablets used to prepare solution

05/01/2023 5

I. Oral tablet for IngestionThese are tablets, which can be swallowed orally with the help

of suitable fluid. They are designed to disintegrate in the stomach or intestine if enteric coated.

Example:-

Standard compressed tablets

Multiple compressed tablets

i)Compressed coated tablet

ii)Layered tablet

iii)Inlay tablet

05/01/2023 6

Modified release tabletDelay action tabletTargetted tablet a)Floating tablet b) Colon targeting tablet

Chewable tabletDispersible tablet

05/01/2023 7

Standard compressed tabletThese are the standard uncoated tablets made by either direct

compression or dry granulation or wet granulation method.They may be used for local action and systemic action.When the tablet exert local action, they are formulated as more

water insoluble by means of selecting slow dissolving excipients and thus provides local action for long time period.

Example: Paracetamol tabletsThe drugs that produce systemic action have some aqueous

solubility and designed to disintegrate and dissolve quickly so that the drug can be quickly absorbed and produce systemic action.

05/01/2023 8

Multiple compressed tablets

The tablets in this category are prepared for two reasons:

To separate physically or chemically incompatible ingredients

and to produce prolonged action.

This tablet manufacturing machine is generally operated at

relatively lower speed than for standard compression tablet.

05/01/2023 9

Layered tablets: Two to three component system

Compressed coated tablet: Tablet within a tablet

Inlay tablet: Coat partially surrounding the core

05/01/2023 10

Modified release tablets

The main aim behind formulation of this dosage form is to

release the medicament slowly for long time duration after

administration of a single tablet

05/01/2023 11

Delayed –Action Tablets

The delayed-action tablet dosage form is intended to release a

drug some time delay, or after the tablet has passed through one

part of the GI tract into another.

Example; Enteric coated bisacodyl tablets

05/01/2023 12

Targeted tablets

When we need to release the API at a specific site in the

elementary tract, Targeted drug delivery is a preferred option.

Depending upon the composition and release mechanism of a

tablet, the drug is delivered to the particular region.

05/01/2023 13

Chewable tablet

These are tablets designed to chew before ingestion of chewed

particle.

They are meant for children and such persons who may find

difficulty in swallowing intact tablets.

05/01/2023 14

Dispersible tablet

These tablets disintegrate within 3 minutes in water to produce

uniform dispersion or solution .

unlike conventional tablets these show faster action, these

contain super disintegrating agents.

05/01/2023 15

II.Tablets used in the Oral Cavity

The tablets under this group are aimed to release API in oral cavity or to provide local action in this region.

The tablets under this category avoids first-pass metabolism and also the decomposition in gastric environment.

Example;-LozengesSublingual tabletBuccal tabletDental cones

05/01/2023 16

Lozenges

The tablet is a flat faced at least about 18mm in diameter and meant to dissolve in the mouth those compressed tablet is called lozenges and the tablet is produced by fusion or candy molding process.

Flavors and sweeteners are added to make tablets palatable. The tablets generally contains sucrose or lactose and gelatin solution to impart smooth taste.

Lozenges for local action in mouth/throat are antiseptics , antibiotics , demulcents , antitussive agents or astringents.

To produce systemic action : Multivitamin tablet

05/01/2023 17

Buccal /Sublingual tablet

These tablets are designed either to be kept in the Buccal cavity

or under the tongue(sublingual).

They release drug which are absorbed through the oral mucosa

there by circumventing gastric fluids and portal circulation.

They are formulated keeping in view that they should not

disintegrate but dissolve completely in 15 to 30 minutes.

05/01/2023 18

Dental cones

These tablets are used at the time of tooth extraction, after the

tooth extraction ,a small cavity is formed, which may seriously

be affected by pathogenic microorganism and may develop

infection.

Hence ,to prevent this dental cones are placed in the empty

socket developed after tooth extraction. They usually carry

antimicrobial agent with suitable diluents.

The choice of additives to design dental cone should be dissolve

in 20 to 30 minutes.

05/01/2023 19

III.Tablets administered by other routes

These tablets are administered by other routes except for the

oral cavity and so the drugs are avoided from passing through

gastrointestinal tract.

These tablets may be inserted into body cavities or directly

placed below the skin to be absorbed into systemic circulation

from the site of application.

Example:

Vaginal tablet

Implantation tablet

05/01/2023 20

Vaginal tablets(Inserts)

These are ovoid or pear shaped conventionally compressed

tablets intended for insertion in to vaginal cavity, where they

dissolve slowly and release the contained drug.

The drugs which have been usually incorporated in vaginal

tablets are antiseptics astringents or steroids.

The diluents used should also be dissolve in vaginal fluids.

Example: Clotrimazole tablet, Progesterone

05/01/2023 21

Implants

These are pellets implanted beneath the skin for releasing the

drug over long period of time ranging from 3 months to 6

months or even longer.

These pellets are prepared using aseptic techniques in order to

obtain a sterile product.

Implants are mostly used for veterinary therapy

05/01/2023 22

IV.Tablets used to prepare solution

Those tablets under this category are required to be dissolved

first in water or other solvents before administration or

application.

The solution may be for ingestion or parenteral application or

for topical use depending upon type of medicaments used.ExampleEffervescent tabletsDispensing tabletsHypodermic tabletsTablet triturates

05/01/2023 23

Effervescent tablets

These are conventionally compressed tablet, which liberating

carbon dioxide gas when they come in contact with water.

Effervescence occurs as a result of some special ingredients

which react together and evolve carbon dioxide gas.

Usually, it is a acid-base reaction between citriacid ,tartaric

acid and sodium bicarbonate.

Example: Dispirin tablets (Aspirin)

05/01/2023 24

Dispensing tablets

Dispensing tablets are intended to be added to a given volume

of water by the pharmacist or the consumer, to produce a

solution of a given drug concentration.

Example: Enzyme tablets (Digiplex)

05/01/2023 25

Hypodermic tablets

Hypodermic tablets are composed of one or more drugs with

other readily water-soluble ingredients and are intended to be

added to sterile water or water for injection

05/01/2023 26

Tablet triturates

Tablets triturates are small usually cylindric,molded,or

compressed tablets, these tablets rarely used today,.

They provided an extemporaneous method of preparation by

the pharmacist.

The drugs employed in such products were usually potent and

were mixed with lactose and possibly a binder, such as

powdered acacia, after which the mixture was moistened to

produce a moldable ,compactable mass.

05/01/2023 27

05/01/2023 28

Thank you