T2 Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic T3 Kingdom Characteristics

T2 Prokaryotic vs. EukaryoticT3 Kingdom CharacteristicsBiology 11October 2013Prokaryotic vs. EukaryoticCell TypeProkaryotic

EukaryoticNucleusUnicellular or MulticellularMembrane Bound NucleusCell WallSizeExamplesProkaryotic vs. EukaryoticCell TypeProkaryotic

EukaryoticNucleusAbsentPresentUnicellular or MulticellularUsually unicellularUsually multicellularMembrane Bound NucleusAbsentPresentCell WallPresentPresent in plant cells and fungi onlySize1-10 micrometers10-100 micrometersExamplesBacteriaPlants and Animals5 Kingdom Classification

Kingdom MoneraUnicellularProkaryoticmay be photosynthetic, chemosynthetic, or feed by absorption.Bactreia are common monerans

Kingdom ProtistaMost are unicellularEukaryoticmay be photosynthetic, may feed by absorption, or may ingest food.Protists

Kingdom FungiMost multicellular although some are unicellular.Eukaryotic cell structureCell Wall PresentAbsorptive HeterotrophsNon Motile

Fungi

Kindom PlantaeMulticellularEukaryoticPhotosyntheticNon MotilePlants

Kingdom AnimaliaMulticellularEukaryoticIngestive HeterotrophsMotileNervous system presentAnimals

Classification CategoriesWithin any Kingdom there are many levels of classification.KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpeciesWithin any kingdom there are many phylumWithin any phylum there are several classesWithin any Class there are several OrdersWithin any order there are several FamiliesWithin any Family there are several GenusWithin a Genus there may be many species

Species ConceptSpecies- a population of organisms that share characteristics and can breed with one another to produce viable offspring (offspring can continue to have their own offspring)

Eg. A maple tree and a cow could not interbreed = different species A collie and a husky dog could have offspring = same speciesHumansKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder PrimatesFamily HominidaeGenus HomoSpecies Sapien

Domestic DogKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder CarnivoraFamily CanidaeGenus CanisSpecies familaris

Naming OrganismsIn addition to classifying organisms, taxonomists also name each type of living organism.Naming is also called NomenclatureBinomial NomenclatureTwo namesTaxonomists name organisms by stating the organisms genus followed by a given species name.Binomial Nomenclature: Scientific nameGenus and species Needs to be italicized or underlined First letter of the genus name is capitalizedFirst letter of the species name is lowercaseExample:Ocypode quadrata or Ocypode quadrataGenus name can be used alone, but not species name

ExamplesGenus SpeciesCommonHomosapienHumanCanisfamilarisDogCervuselaphusElkOdocoileushemionusMule Deer

Common names can cause confusionStarFish - not a fishOreaster reticulatus (cushioned star)

What we may know as the green pepper is also referred to as a bell pepper, or sweet pepper.Capsicum annuum

Common names also vary from language to language

Dog - perro - inu . Benefit of Universal NamingA universal system of naming allows us to avoid the confusion associated with common names, and tells us something about evolutionary relationships.