T172 Working with our Environment Technology for a sustainable future
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Transcript of T172 Working with our Environment Technology for a sustainable future
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T172 Working with our Environment
Technology for a sustainable future
First Tutorial 21/2/04
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Introductions
• name
• where are you from?
• what do you do?
• other OU courses?
• why are you taking T172?
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Course Aims
To enable you to understand:
1. a) how the use of technology to meet human material needs contributes to environmental effects, and
b) how technology may be used to protect the environment;
2. how technology may be employed to design products, processes and systems that contribute to the development of an environmentally sustainable future.
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Course structurePreparing for T172 Introduction to T172
Course Guide
The Sciences Good Study
Guide
Glossary
Audio Visual Material
Optional Computing
Theme 1You and Your Environment
Theme 2 Travelling
Light
Theme 3 Food Chains
Theme 4The Global
Context
Energy
Resources
Human and Ecosystem
Health
ThemesFiles
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Study techniques
• Allocate time• Use “dead” time• Plan ahead• Be selective• Tutor support• Self study groups
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Assessment
• Preparatory exercises
• 5 TMAs
• End of course assessment (ECA)
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TMAs
• Plan ahead• Don’t leave until last minute!• Read questions carefully• Look at mark allocations• Try to answer all questions• Tidy and legible• Appropriate length• Post before cut off date• Get certificate of posting• Weigh - ensure enough stamps!• Extensions
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Any problems?
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Maths
• ughhh!
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Our Impact on the environment
• List the main environmental impacts caused by UK households
• Rank them
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What is energy?
• Capacity to do work
• Units– joules (J)– 1J = 1 Nm
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Energy Conversion
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed
• It is converted from one form to another
• List some forms of energy
• What is the exception to this rule?
• E = mc2
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Energy Conversion
• Example - A fire burning
Chemical
Heat
Light
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Exercise - Energy conversion
1. Electricity supplied to an electric drill
2. An immersion heater heating water for a bath
3. Car tyres heated up as the car brakes rapidly
4. A clockwork toy train running round a track
5. Water from a reservoir used to generate electricity
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What is power?
• Rate of work, or
• Rate of energy conversion
• Units– watts (W) = Js-1
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An Analogy
Distance travelled energy
SpeedPower
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Exercise
• An electric fire has a rating of 1000 W. How many joules does it consume in 1 hour?
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Answer
Power (watts) = Energy (joules)time (secs)
So, Energy (joules) = Power (watts) x time (secs)
So, Energy = 1000 W x (60 x 60 s)
= 1000 W x 3600 s
= 3,600,000 J
= 3.6 x 106 J
= 3.6 MJ
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Units
• kilowatt hours (kWh)
• Alternative unit of energy
• 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ *
* See previous page for derivation of this relationship
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Units - Prefixes
• kilo 103
• Mega 106
• Giga 109
• Terra 1012
• Peta 1015
• Exa 1018
KMGTPE (King Midas' golden touch poisoned everything)
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Exercise
• Express 1,000,000 kJ as– MJ– TJ– PJ
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Answer
• 1,000,000 kJ is equivalent to– 1,000 MJ– 0.001TJ– 0.000001 PJ
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Exercise
• Express 7.2 x 106 kJ as– MJ– GJ– PJ– kWh
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Answers
• 7.2 x 106 kJ is equivalent to:– 7.2 x 103 MJ– 7.2 GJ– 7.2 x 10 - 6 PJ – 2 x 103 kWh
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Exercise
• Convert the following into kWh– 3.6 MJ– 3.6 GJ– 7.2 PJ
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Answers
• 3.6 MJ = 1 kWh
• 3.6 GJ = 1,000 kWh
• 7.2 PJ = 2 x 109 kWh