Truth in Texas Textbooks ReviewPublisher/Publication/Year: Houghton Mifflin/Texas History/2015

Editor: Dr. Amy Jo Baker

Problem: Bias (B), Omission of Fact (OF), Half-Truth (HT), Factual Error (FE)

The publisher responded to all 39 items in this review.Page #/Line # Quote Problem Fact & Source

1. Page 19 Line Graph

“In 2012 there were more than 244,700 farms in Texas.” In 2012 there were 2.2 million farms in the U.S.”

OF http://www.texasalmanac.com/topics/agriculture/state-texas-agricultureImportant information left out is that the number of farms stated, correct for 2012, diminished from 420,000 in 1940. This is an alarming trend, noteworthy in this book, as well as the reason why.Publisher’s response: There is no graph on p. 19; pp. 18–19 present a selected listing of various comparisons between Texas, on the one hand, and the United States or the world, on the other. It is not intended to be an exhaustive list.

2. Page 19 Bottom center page

Answer: modified-water pumped from it for irrigation and other uses; consequences – economic benefits to farmers and others, decreases in the aquifer’s water levels.”

The answer, unlike the question, is an incomplete sentence, making it difficult to understand.Publisher’s response: Answers in Teacher’s Editions are often given in abbreviated/fragment form. Teachers can be expected to understand them.

3. Page 19 in line graph

“Caddo Lake is the largest natural lake in Texas, covering more than 39 square miles.

HT http://www.caddolake.com/history.htmHalf the lake is in Texas and the other half is in Louisiana.Publisher’s response: The reviewer’s point is correct about Caddo Lake being half in Texas and half in Louisiana; on p. 19, we will add “(half of which is in Louisiana)” after “39 square miles”

4. Page 55 First paragraph, 2nd sentence

“Early settlers here certain that the land could not be farmed.”

Syntax Sentence lacks clarity.Publisher’s response: On p. 55, we will change “settlers here” to “settlers were” (fix typo).

5. Page 55 Last paragraph, third sentence

“This limestone ridge lies on a fault, or break in Earth’s crust. This fault extends up from the southwestern part of Texas through San Antonio and Austin.”

OF Considering how critical living on a fault can be, this reader believes that more should have been said about a fault, including the consequences of living in a house that is on a fault, physical and financial, e.g. foundation problems

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Publisher’s response: We believe this level of detail is beyond the scope of this history course.

6. Page 55, Map of Subregions of the Great Plains

Obstruction There is an inset of a compass over part of the subregion that is being presented on this page, obstructing a big part of the area which the reader believes includes the Panhandle.Publisher’s response: The compass rose and inset map are in the non-subject area of the map, to the left of the Panhandle.

7. General Comments about the Unit on Geography

Pages are very “busy”, the layout is inconsistent from one page to the next, making difficult it to read off an iPad due to constant page adjustments to move right or left.Publisher’s response: The online edition of the textbook has been designed to work on computer Web browsers as well as other electronic devices. Particular user issues can be reported to our customer service.

8. Page 88Timeline

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca not on timeline at the date 1530

OF Add deVaca to timeline He is recorded in Unit 2Also add to last paragraph on page 97: The accounts and later writings of Cabeza de Vaca provided the first descriptions of Texas landforms, Indians of south Texas and to locate them relative to each other. His description of the Mariames, Avavares, Yguaces, and associated Texas Indians supplied cultural information that quantitatively exceeds that of all successors combined.Tshaonline.org/handbook/Spanish TexasPublisher’s response: General Note A: The timelines in the textbook are not meant to be exhaustive; they present selected events that fall within the time frame of the chapter. This note applies to many of the points in this review.(Cabeza de Vaca is discussed at length on pp. 95–98.)

9. Page 106 Last line

In Texas, clashes between these two points of view would continue for over one hundred years

OF Add: It was not until 1873 that the U.S, Army under colonel Ranald S. Mackenzie led a force into Mexico, destroyed the Apache villages, and forced the survivors onto a reservation in New Mexico.Tshaonline.org/handbook/Spanish texasPublisher’s response: General Note B: This history course must not only comply with the TEKS in terms of what is to be included, but is also subject to other constraints both pedagogical and technical (e.g., reading level, concept load, visual/verbal balance, space on the page); it is not possible to include all the historical details that one might wish.(Mackenzie is discussed on pp. 422, 427, 450.)

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10. Page 119 Para 2 line 5

After a few days, they finished building San Francisco de los Tejas

OF Add: the first mission in East Texas, perhaps near the site of modern Augusta in northeastern Houston County.Tshaonline.org/handbook/Spanish TexasPublisher’s response: See General Note B. (The mission San Francisco de los Tejas is also discussed on pp. 65, 118, 120, 122.)

11. Page 120 Para 2 Line 5

After it was abandoned, Father Hidalgo helped found the San Juan Baustista mission along the Rio Grande

OF Add: The mission has appropriately been called the “Gateway to Spanish Texas”. It was founded on January 1,1700 at the site of present-day Guerrero, Coahuila.Tshaonline.org/handbook/Spanish TexasPublisher’s response: See General Note B. (San Juan Bautista is also discussed on pp. 121, 122.)

12. Page 121 Para2 Line 3

When the governor of Louisiana OF Add: Antoine de La Mothe, Sieur de Cadillac.Tshaonline.org/handbook/Spanish TexasPublisher’s response: See General Note B.

13. Page 125 Para 1 In June 1719----- OF Add: a group of 6 soldiers led by Philippe Blondel-----Tshaonline.org/handbook/Spanish TexasPublisher’s response: See General Note B.

14. Page 137 Para 1 Line5

In 1766, the Marques de Rubi---- FE The visiador general of importance for Texas was Marques de Rubi, who arrived in 1767---Tshaonline.org/handbook/Spanish TexasPublisher’s response: There is no factual error on p. 137. The text notes that “In 1766, the Marqués de Rubi began a tour … of New Spain” and that “he traveled through Texas the next year” (emphases added)—i.e., 1767.

15. Page 143 Para 2 Line 1

When they first heard of his actions, Spanish officials thought that Philip Noland------

OF Add: a famous filibuster.Tshaonline.org/handbook/Spanish TexasPublisher’s response: “Nolan” is the correct spelling. Nolan is often described as a filibuster, and the textbook does not disagree. However, in the narrative his actions are described first and then the term is introduced (on p. 144—still under the heading “The Philip Nolan Expeditions”). It is thus clearly inferred that he, too, is a filibuster.

16. Page 145 Para 2 Line 2

One of his recruits was a U.S. Army officer, Agustus W. Magee,

OF Add: a West Point graduate-----Tshaonline.org/handbook/Spanish TexasPublisher’s response: See General Note B.

17. Page 145 Para 6 Last line

He then led a campaign of revenge across Texas, executing hundreds of Tejanos----

OF Add: including some Americans. A young lieutenant, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, was recognized for valor under fire.Tshaonline.org/handbook/Spanish Explorations

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Publisher’s response: See General Note B.18. Page 149 Last

Para Last lineOF Add after last line: Between 1833 and 1855, the Mexican presidency

changed hands 36 times.Tshaonline.org/handbook/Spanish Explorations:Publisher’s response: See General Note B. (This fact is pointed out in the Teacher’s Edition on p. 298.)

19. Page 175Reading Check

Page 178Understanding Main Ideas

/Evaluating: Which empresarios were the most successful in establishing colonies in Texas?Answer: Green DeWitt and Martin deLeonNo. 6: Who were some successful empresarios?Answer: DeWitt and deLeon

FE Stephen F. Austin was the most successful of the empresarios. More than 1,100 titles to land in Texas were issued to settlers accepted in his colony. In addition to his contract under the 1823 law, he secured a contract under the State Colonization Law of 1825 to settle 500 families, another in 1827 for 100 families, and one in 1828 for locating 300 families in the coastal area. http://www.glo.texas.gov/what-we-do/history-and-archives/_documents/history-of-texas-public-lands.pdfPublisher’s response: On p. 175, we will change the Reading Check question to read: After Stephen F. Austin, which empresarios were the most successful in establishing colonies in Texas? 16(The answer in the Teacher’s Edition answer will remain as is.)

20. Page 197 Para 3 Line 4

Although slavery was not totally outlawed in Texas, it remained a devisive issue.

OF Add: Austin got the state legislature to recognize labor contacts under which slaves were technically free but bound themselves to their masters for life. Often, entire families were covered by a single contract.Tshaonline.org/handbook/ Spanish ExplorationsPublisher’s response: See General Note B.

21. Page 230 Para 2 Last line

On December 10, Cos surrendered and agreed to lead his men out of Texas

OF Add: Ironically, Cos’s final stand was at the Alamo.Tshaonline.org/handbook/Texas RevolutionPublisher’s response: See General Note B.

22. Page 247“That’s Interesting”

Description of the finding of Santa Anna’s discovery after the battle at San Jacinto

Should properly be placed after description of the actual battle on page 251.Publisher’s response: We will move the Teacher’s Edition That’s Interesting! anno from p. 247 to p. 250 (p. 251 is too crowded).

23. Page 262 Para 2Last line

The Republic distributed another 4.5 million acres under this system.

OF No one was required to live on the land at that time.Tshaonline.org/handbook/Republic of TexasPublisher’s response: See General Note B.

24. Page 269 Para 2 Line 2

The Texans waiting there expected to receive many returned captives. However, the Penateks brought only a few.

FE On March 19, 1840, sixty-five Comanches showed up with one white prisoner, a twelve-year old girl by the name of Matilda Lockhart.Tshaonline.org/handbook/Republic of TexasPublisher’s response: There is no error on p. 269. According to the

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Handbook of Texas (online), “Council House Fight” (see https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/btc01), the Penateka Comanches brought “several Mexican children” as well as Matilda Lockhart.

25. Unit 6Chapter 18

Black soldiers are not mentioned OF Black Soldier was First Native Texan to Receive Medal of HonorThe first recipient of the Medal of Honor who was born in Texas was Milton M. Holland. The nation’s highest military honor (originally called the Congressional Medal of Honor) was instituted at the beginning of the Civil War to recognize the heroic actions of Union soldiers in that struggle.Holland was born in Panola County in August 1844 (some sources say Austin). Along with two brothers, he was sent to school in Athens County, Ohio, before the Civil War by his owner, Bird Holland.When the Civil War broke out, he worked as a civilian for the quartermaster corps until blacks were allowed to join the army in 1863. The young man raised a company of African-Americans in Athens, and the group was mustered into the 5th Regiment, U.S. Colored Troops. Holland attained the rank of sergeant-major, the highest rank open to blacks at the time.When the officers of his unit were either killed or wounded in an advance on Richmond, Virginia, on Sept. 29, 1864, Holland assumed command and led a courageous charge that allowed a white military unit to return to the Union line. The actions of Holland and his regiment earned the highest praise from Gen. Ulysses S. Grant.Holland was presented with his Medal of Honor on April, 6, 1865. His citation states: “Took command of Company C, after all the officers had been killed or wounded, and gallantly led it.” In all, 23 black soldiers and sailors won the Medal of Honor during the Civil War. Because Holland entered the Union army in Ohio, his military service and heroism are credited to that state in U.S. military records.Holland did not return to Texas after the war, migrating instead to Washington, D.C. In the 1890s, he founded the Alpha Insurance Company in Washington, D.C., one of the first black-owned insurance companies in the nation. He died in 1910 in Silver Springs, Maryland.Milton’s brother, William, did return to Texas and taught for a time in Austin. A staunch Republican, William Holland served in the 15th Legislature, where he authored legislation creating Prairie View Normal, the first college for blacks in Texas and now Prairie View A&M University.Sources: Texas Almanac 1994–1995 and the Richmond Battlefield

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website, National Park Service; www.nps.gov/rich/historyculture/holland.htm.—From the Texas Almanac 2012–2013.Publisher’s response: See General Note B.

26. Unit 6Chapter 19Section 4Page 410

Irrigation is not mentioned in farming. OF 1868Landowners at Del Rio form a company to begin first large-scale irrigation in Texas. The canal system is completed in 1871.www.texasalmanac.comPublisher’s response: See General Note B.

27. UNIT 8

CHAPTER 24

TIMELINEp.496-497

1876 – (completely omitted from timeline)

1888 – (completely omitted from timeline)1894 – (completely omitted from timeline)

OF; FE

OF

1876-Feb. 15 – The present state constitution is adopted. 1876-Charles Goodnight establishes the JA Ranch in Palo Duro

Canyon, the first cattle ranch located in the Panhandle. http://www.texasalmanac.com/topics/history/reconstruction 1888-May 16 - The present Texas state capitol is dedicated. 1894-June 9 – Oil is discovered at Corsicana by workers drilling for

water Texas experiences its coldest winter on record statewide. http://www.texasalmanac.com/topics/history/reonstruction

Publisher’s response: See General Note A. (There is no factual error—the reviewer does not state what is alleged to be an error.)

28. CHAPTER 24

THE POPULISTS

p. 501

Southern farmers had traditionally voted for Democratic Party candidates. However, the Democrats’ failure to back the subtreasury plan prompted Alliance members to help form the People’s Party—commonly called the Populist Party—in 1891. Its members were known as Populists. The Populists wanted to reduce the influence of big business on government. They called for government ownership of railroads and the telephone and telegraph system. They also demanded an eight-hour workday and an increase in the money supply.

OF Rural discontent had brewed in the United States since the sharp decline of farm prices in the 1870s. …the return of hard times in the 1880s led to emergence of the farmers' alliances. In December 1890, representatives from a number of the alliances met in Ocala, Florida to examine the issue of united political action. This initial foray into direct involvement came to nothing; allegiances to the Democratic Party still remained strong. Racism, as well as loyalty, played a role; some feared that splitting the Democratic vote would revive the old Republican-black alliance. Two events in 1890 paved the way for a new political party. First, Congress passed the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, a totally inadequate gesture toward currency expansion. Second, Republicans in Congress chose to withhold support from a bill to enforce civil rights in the South, thus ending any hope for cooperation between the former slaves and the party of Lincoln. Into this void moved figures like Tom Watson of Georgia, who urged Southern white farmers to overcome their antipathy toward blacks because both groups were suffering at the hands of the same

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oppressors. Despite running candidates in the presidential elections from 1892-1908, the Populist effort was probably doomed from the start. They advanced a number of stellar ideas, but fell prey to the allure of free silver, an issue that resonated poorly with urban workers whose votes were badly needed. Discontented farmers, despite their enthusiasm, simply lacked the numbers to move the nation.

http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h876.htmlPublisher’s response: See General Note B.

29. CHAPTER 24

THE POPULISTS

p. 502

This Populist platform, or statement of political goals, was taken from the Southern Farmers’ Alliance. Many Alliance members joined the new party, as did some factory workers and other laborers. The Populists also enlisted the support of African Americans such as John Rayner, a labor recruiter and influential speaker. He traveled around East Texas, building African American support.

OF The story of this man’s life and influence on Texas History is important.

RAYNER, JOHN BAPTIS (1850–1918).John Baptis (J. B.) Rayner, leader in the People's party in Texas, son of white planter Kenneth Rayner and slave Mary Ricks, was born a slave on November 13, 1850, in Raleigh, North Carolina. He was raised by his great-grandparents Henry and Matilda Jett and worked on his father's plantation. Kenneth Rayner, a Whig congressman and leader of the Know-Nothing party, helped John secure a college education at Shaw University and St. Augustine's Normal and Collegiate Institute. In the early 1870s John B. Rayner moved to Tarboro, North Carolina, where he taught and, as a Republican during Reconstruction, held a series of local political offices, which included constable, magistrate, and deputy sheriff. He married Susan Clark Staten in 1874, and they had two children. In 1881 he led a migration of black farmworkers to Robertson County, Texas, and settled in Calvert, where he taught school, preached, and dabbled in politics. Shortly after his arrival in Texas his wife died. He then married Clarissa S. Clark, with whom he had three children.Rayner's first recorded political activity came in the 1887 statewide prohibition campaign, during which he earned regional notoriety as an proponent of prohibition. In 1892 he joined the fledgling Populist party, and by 1894 he had become its best-known black spokesman. At the party's 1894 state convention delegates elected him to a member-at-large position on the state executive committee and to the platform committee, where he used his influence to move the party toward stronger positions on black rights. Until 1898 Rayner traveled the state incessantly, lecturing and organizing on behalf of the People's party. He earned a reputation as one of the great orators of his day, black or white. After the demise of the Populist movement and his return to the Republican party, Rayner split his time between

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fund-raising for black education, writing newspaper essays, and campaigning against prohibition (a reversal of his earlier position). He served as chief fund-raiser for two black vocational schools: Conroe College and the Farmers' Improvement Society School; he was president of the former. In the age of disfranchisement and Jim Crow, he worked publicly for accommodation and curried the favor of the lumber magnate John Henry Kirby, who contributed to his educational projects and occasionally employed Rayner as a labor recruiter. Privately, however, Rayner wrote bitterly of "the white man's hallucinated idea of his race superiority." Rayner was active in the Texas Law and Order League and was grand master of the United Brothers of Friendship. Toward the end of his life he wrote editorials, was active in community work, and pressed for African Americans to be in the armed forces during World War I. He died of liver or kidney failure at his home in Calvert on July 14, 1918.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:Jack Abramowitz, "John B. Rayner: A Grass-Roots Leader," Journal of Negro History 36 (April 1951). Gregg Cantrell, Kenneth and John B. Rayner and the Limits of Southern Dissent (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1993). Roscoe C. Martin, The People's Party in Texas (Austin: University of Texas, 1933; rpt., University of Texas Press, 1970). Douglass Geraldyne Perry, Black Populism: The Negro in the People's Party in Texas (M.S. thesis, Prairie View University, 1945). John B. Rayner Papers, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin.Gregg Cantrell, "RAYNER, JOHN BAPTIS," Handbook of Texas Online (http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fra52), accessed October 11, 2014. Uploaded on June 15, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.

Socialism Settled in TexasAmerica’s top socialist, Eugene Debs, top

center, visited Texas socialists. Photo courtesy of Marty Boswell, a descendant of

Halletsville’s Meitzen familySocialism is nothing new in Texas, it has been here almost as long as in Europe.A communistic society in Bettina, one of several, collapsed in 1848. Others lasted longer and made a more enduring mark in Texas

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history. During that period, several utopian communities were started. Comfort and Sisterdale in the Hill Country near Fredericksburg and La Reunion just outside Dallas were examples.A leading European socialist, Victor Considerant, came to North Texas in 1853. Considerant had been an early influence on Karl Marx. He wrote Manifeste de la Democratie Pacifique in 1843 and Marx read it, as he read all of Considerant's writings. Five years later, Marx co-authored The Communist Manifesto. Parts of the earlier work are covered without disagreement in the later one. Thus Considerant and Marx had broad agreement on their diagnosis of the ills of capitalism, even though they differed greatly on the prescription.Considerant had been active in French politics. When Louis Bonaparte III became President, Considerant joined a rebellion against him. For that, he was driven into exile in Belgium. From there he came to the U.S. to meet with a co-thinker and famous American socialist, Albert Brisbane. They toured the country and ended up riding horseback into North Texas.Considerant was what Marx termed a "utopian socialist." He believed that capitalism could be coaxed into changing by providing good examples of functional socialist enterprises. His elaborate plans for experimental communities were tried in many places in Europe and America. They were not economically successful. However, many of the Europeans stayed even after their original settlements collapsed. They made great contributions in the sparsely settled areas where they finally raised their families.In Texas, the Civil War put a final end to all of the communities. The slave-holding Confederacy could not tolerate the free thinking Europeans. A number of them were massacred at the "Battle of the Nueces" as they tried to escape conscription by fleeing from Comfort, Texas, to Mexico.It has been suggested that Karl Marx himself once considered coming to Texas. Or, possibly, he only mentioned the idea as a ruse to throw authorities off his trail.Texans Voted for RedsThe State of Texas web site will give you the presidential vote totals for all Texas elections. There, you’ll find that Texas may not be as backward historically as most information sources would like you to believe. In 1888, for example, the Union Labor Party received 8.2% of the total 357,513 votes.Texas Socialist Party Peaked Around 1914

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A great deal of what is known about the Socialist Party in Texas is intertwined with the history of the remarkable Meitzen family of the Halletsville area. From the 1850’s to today, and from Texas to Florida and Connecticut, Meitzens have been involved in progressive political activities.Otto Meitzen and Jennie Caroline Alpine Holmgren emigrated from Germany after the repression following the failed revolution of 1848. They arrived in Texas in early 1850. Like most of the Germans in Texas, they opposed slavery. The Meitzens waited out the Civil War rather than attempting to flee to Mexico as others did.They educated their son, Edward Otto, who eventually worked as a blacksmith, teacher, lawyer, publisher, and political leader. E.O. was active in the entire succession of progressive organizations in Texas from the Greenback Party in the 1880s, through the Farmer’s Alliance and the Texas Populist movement, to the Socialist Party. Many historians believe that the end of the progressive movement began when they co-endorsed William Jennings Bryan for President in 1896 along with the Democrats. Meitzen and others of the Texas movement opposed that endorsement at the convention. http://www.labordallas.org/hist/reds.htmPublisher’s response: See General Note B.

30. CHAPTER 24

Farmer Jim

p. 506

James E. Ferguson was another influential member of the Texas Democratic Party. He gained the support of the state’s poor citizens, particularly its tenant farmers, by working for reforms. Because of his support for Texas farmers and poor people, Ferguson was nicknamed Farmer Jim. One of his admirers wrote, “he swayed them (rural voters) like the storm sways the slender pines.” Those opposed to Ferguson, in contrast, said that he was dishonest and stirred up people for his own benefit. Most Texas voters seemed to like Ferguson, however, and he was elected governor in 1914 and 1916.

OF; FE The text skims past the corruption charges that plagued Ferguson’s administration and presents the opposition as the mere opinion of some people.

FERGUSON, JAMES EDWARD (1871–1944).James Edward (Pa) Ferguson, Texas governor, son of James Edward and Fannie (Fitzpatrick) Ferguson, was born on August 31, 1871, near Salado, Bell County, Texas. When he was four years old, his father died. His mother continued to live on the farm, and he began working in the fields as a young boy. He entered Salado College, a local preparatory school, at age twelve but was eventually expelled for disobedience. He left home at sixteen and wandered for two years through the states of the Far West, where he lived by accepting any employment offered. After returning to Bell County, he farmed and worked with a railroad-bridge gang until, after a brief study of law, he was admitted to the bar in 1897 and began the practice of law in Belton. On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace (see FERGUSON, MIRIAM A. W.); they had two children. His law practice did not require all of his time, so Ferguson expanded his interests to include real estate and insurance and later turned his

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attention to banking. He was associated with the Farmers State Bank of Belton for several years and was a member of the Texas Bankers Association. He moved to Temple and in 1907 joined with others in establishing the Temple State Bank. Throughout his years in banking he took an active interest in county and local politics.Although he had never held office, he was not a stranger to political problems; he had done much work in keeping local-option prohibition from Bell County, had been one of the Bell County managers in the campaign of Robert L. Henry for Congress in 1902, had helped carry Bell County for Cone Johnson in his contest with Joseph Weldon Bailey in 1908, had served as a campaign manager for Robert V. Davidson in 1910, and had aided Oscar B. Colquitt in his successful gubernatorial campaign (1912). Prohibition was a major issue in the campaign of 1914, with several aspirants for the governorship on both sides of the question. The prohibitionists held an elimination convention and pledged their support to Thomas H. Ballqv of Houston. The antiprohibitionists attempted to have a similar convention, but Ferguson, whose statements and Bell County record identified him as an antiprohibitionist, refused to submit his name to it. As a result it was impossible for the convention to eliminate him and obviously unwise to divide the vote by naming a rival candidate. The convention did not endorse Ferguson, but the other antiprohibition candidates withdrew from the race. Ferguson won the nomination by a majority of about 40,000 votes.The campaign proved him to be a man of considerable native ability and the possessor of a captivating personality. As a political speaker he had few equals. The most discussed plank in his platform, which appealed especially to tenant farmers, proposed a law that would limit the rent charged by landlords and prevent the collection of bonuses. Landowners were assured, however, that they need not be alarmed by the proposal, as it would benefit all concerned. During Ferguson's first term, the legislature passed several measures of major importance. The tenant law was passed but remained on the statute books only a short time before being declared unconstitutional. The policy of state aid to rural schools was begun, and a rather timid law requiring compulsory school attendance was passed. Three new normal schools were authorized. Provision was made for the establishment of the Austin State School. Needed buildings were provided at other eleemosynary institutions. The colleges were permitted to begin building programs, and the

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educational appropriation bills were more generous than usual. As a result of these and other expenditures, the ad valorem tax rate for state purposes advanced from 12½ to 30 cents. The landholdings of the prison system were greatly increased, and because of the rising price of farm commodities, the system became self-sustaining; during the years of war prosperity, it showed a profit.In 1916 Ferguson's reelection seemed certain. The prohibitionists passed over their better-known leaders and gave their support to Charles H. Morris of Winnsboro, a political unknown. The issues were prohibition, the tax rate, and certain unpalatable rumors concerning the Ferguson administration. Ferguson was reelected by a majority of about 60,000 votes, but opposition was sufficient to show that many Texans, including a number who were not prohibitionists, were displeased with his stewardship. Aside from the act instituting the highway department, the second Ferguson administration was marked by little in the way of important legislation. The legislature passed generous appropriation bills, and the ad valorem tax rate reached the constitutional maximum of thirty-five cents. Early in his second term the governor became involved in a serious quarrel with the University of Texas. The controversy grew out of the refusal of the board of regents to remove certain faculty members whom the governor found objectionable. When Ferguson found that he could not have his way, he vetoed practically the entire appropriation for the university. The excitement that greeted the veto was soon overshadowed by the greater excitement that surrounded the impeachment trial. While the campaign of 1916 was in progress, the Ferguson administration had been charged with a number of irregularities. Preliminary investigations failed to uncover any charge that would merit impeachment, and for a time the incident seemed closed. The Ferguson controversy with the university brought renewed interest in the old charges, however, and at about the same time a number of new charges were made. On July 21, 1917, in the midst of the excitement, Ferguson appeared before the Travis County grand jury, and several days later it was announced that he had been indicted on nine charges. Seven of the charges related to misapplication of public funds, one to embezzlement, and one to the diversion of a special fund. Ferguson made bond of $13,000 and announced his candidacy for a third term as governor.As a result of these developments, the speaker of the House called a special session to consider charges of impeachment against the

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governor. This call was of doubtful legality, but Ferguson removed all question by calling the legislature to meet for the purpose of making appropriations for the University of Texas. The House immediately turned its attention to the numerous charges against the governor and, after a lengthy investigation, prepared twenty-one articles of impeachment. The Senate, sitting as a High Court of Impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and finally convicted the governor on ten of them. Five of the articles sustained by the Senate charged Ferguson with the misapplication of public funds, three related to his quarrel with the University, one declared that he had failed properly to respect and enforce the banking laws of the state, and one charged that he had received $156,500 in currency from a source that he refused to reveal. Nine of the charges can be described as violations of the law, while the obtaining of $156,500 from a secret source was certainly not in keeping with good policy. The Court of Impeachment, by a vote of twenty-five to three, removed Ferguson from office and made him ineligible to hold any office of honor, trust, or profit under the state of Texas. Ferguson declared that the legislature constituted little more than a "kangaroo court," but only a few months before, both the House and the Senate had refused to sustain charges against him, and his removal from office was far from certain when the legislature convened in special session. He resigned his office the day before the judgment was announced and contended that it did not apply to him. The question was eventually carried into the courts, where the judgment of the Court of Impeachment was sustained. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. In 1920 he was an unsuccessful candidate for President on his own American party ticket. In 1922 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate.In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. The Fergusons beat Robertson and went to the Governor's Mansion for a third time. Two years later they lost a reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses. In 1928, for the first time since 1914, Ferguson was not an active participant in a

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political campaign, but even then he took some interest in the race for the governorship and gave his support to Louis J. Wardlaw. In 1930 he conducted the unsuccessful campaign of his wife for the governorship, and in 1932 he conducted her successful campaign for the same office. In 1940 Mrs. Ferguson again sought the governorship, and for the last time "Farmer Jim" appealed to the voters of Texas. He was by this time an old man. He made only a few speeches and must have known long before the votes were cast that Mrs. Ferguson had no chance to win. James Ferguson died on September 21, 1944, and was buried in the State Cemetery in Austin.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:Norman D. Brown, Hood, Bonnet, and Little Brown Jug: Texas Politics, 1921–1928 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1984). James T. DeShields, They Sat in High Places: The Presidents and Governors of Texas (San Antonio: Naylor, 1940). James Edward Ferguson Collection, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin. Lewis L. Gould, Progressives and Prohibitionists: Texas Democrats in the Wilson Era (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1973; rpt., Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1992). W. V. Howerton, ed., Facts on Ferguson: A Review of the Impeachment and a Reply to Charges Made by Ex-Governor Ferguson (Austin, 1918). Norman Kittrell, Governors Who Have Been and Other Public Men of Texas (Houston: Dealy-Adey-Elgin, 1921). Ouida Ferguson Nalle, The Fergusons of Texas, or "Two Governors for the Price of One": A Biography of James Edward Ferguson and His Wife (San Antonio: Naylor, 1946). Ross Phares, The Governors of Texas (Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican, 1976). Bruce Rutherford, The Impeachment of Jim Ferguson (Austin: Eakin Press, 1983).Ralph W. Steen, "FERGUSON, JAMES EDWARD," Handbook of Texas Online (http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/ffe05), accessed October 11, 2014. Uploaded on June 12, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.

Publisher’s response: See General Note B. There is no error on p. 506. We believe that it is appropriate to report what Ferguson’s contemporary opponents said. The text goes on to discuss the charges against Ferguson and his impeachment and removal from office.

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31. CHAPTER 25Texans at Home and AbroadTIMELINEp. 517

1907 – The first Neiman Marcus department store opens in Dallas.

OF There were several big department stores that opened and operated successfully in Texas and should be covered as historical accomplishments in this textbook, including Joske’s, Foley’s, Leonard Brothers, and Krupp.

Publisher’s response: See General Note A.32. CHAPTER 26

TIMELINEP. 534

1923 – (completely omitted from timeline)

1925 – (completely omitted from timeline)

1928 – (completely omitted from timeline)

1929 - (completely omitted from timeline)

1937 - (completely omitted from timeline)

OF 1923- Legislature passes law explicitly barring blacks from voting in the Democratic primary. Overturned by the US Supreme Court in March, 1927, the state Democratic Party acted in 1927 and again in 1932 to bar blacks from voting in the primary. The Supreme Court upheld the 1932 action in 1935.

SANTA RITA OIL WELL. Santa Rita No. 1, located in Section 2, Block 2, University of Texas lands in Reagan County, came in on May 28, 1923. Several shady promotions of "salted" wells were perpetrated in West Texas in the 1920s. But the Santa Rita well, which flowed intermittently until the end of June, proved that oil existed in the region.

(http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/dos01), accessed October 11, 2014. Uploaded on June 15, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.

1925-Sept. 30- Texas Tech University begins classes in Lubbock as Texas Technological College. 1928-June 26-29-The Democratic National Convention is held in

Houston, the first nominating convention held in a Southern city since 1860.

1929-Feb. 17-The League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) is founded in Corpus Christi.

1937-March 18-A massive explosion, blamed on a natural-gas leak beneath the London consolidated School building in Rusk County, kills an estimated 296 students and teachers. Subsequent deaths of people injured in the explosion bring the death count to 311. As a result, the Legislature requires that a malodorant be added to the odorless gas so that leaks can be more easily detected.

http://www.texasalmanac.com/topics/history/20th-centuryPublisher’s response: See General Note A.

33. UNIT 9CHAPTER 27

TIMELINE

1943 – (completely omitted from timeline)1944 – The U.S. Supreme Court declares the Texas white primary unconstitutional.1947 - (completely omitted from timeline)

FE; OF 1943-June 15-16-A race riot in Beaumont leads to a declaration of martial law; 200 arrested; 2 blacks and 1 white died.

1944-April 3-US Supreme Court rules blacks could not be barred from voting in the Texas Democratic primary.

1947-April 16-The French-owned SS Grandcamp, carrying 15

p. 562-563

1949 – (completely omitted from timeline)

1950 – (completely omitted from timeline)

1953 – (completely omitted from timeline)

1954 – (completely omitted from timeline)

1956 – (completely omitted from timeline)

1958 – (completely omitted from timeline)

ammonium nitrate, explodes in the Texas City harbor, followed the next morning by the explosion of the SS High Flyer. The disaster kills almost 600 and injures at least 4,000 more. The concussion is felt 75 miles away in Port Arthur, and the force creates a 15-foot tidal wave.

1949-Aug. 24-The University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston admits its first black student.

1950-June 5-The US Supreme Court orders racial integration of The University of Texas law school.

1953-Jan. 20-Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes the first Texas-born President of the United States.

1953-May 11-Tornado kills 114, injures 597 at Waco; 150 homes and 185 other buildings destroyed.

1953-May 22-The Tidelands Bill is signed by President Eisenhower, giving Texas the rights to its offshore oil.

1954-Nov. 2-Texas voters approve amendments to the state constitution allowing women to serve on juries, and ending the ban on voting by members of the US Armed Forces.

1956-Nov. 6-Henry B. Gonzalez of San Antonio becomes the first Hispanic elected to the state Senate since 1848 when Jose Antonio Navarro, a signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence, served.

1958-Sept. 12- The integrated circuit, developed by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments, Dallas, is successfully tested, ushering in the semiconductor and electronics age.

http://www.texasalmanac.com/topics/history/20th-centuryPublisher’s response: See General Note A. There is no error on pp. 562–563—the reviewer does not state what is alleged to be an error.)

34. CHAPTER 27Connection to Musicp.573

Artists including the Beatles and Bruce Springsteen have pointed to Holly as an important influence.

OF Waylon Jennings was a member of the Crickets and was also influenced by his close friend Buddy Holly.

Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, Kris Kristofferson sang together and influenced other singers of all genres.

Texas students need to learn about these Texas legends, not just be fed more of what they already know.

The Beatles and Springsteen are not even Texans! http://www.biography.com/people/waylon-jennings-9354063

Publisher’s response: See General Note B.35. CHAPTER 28 1962 – (completely omitted from timeline) OF 1962-March 1-NASA opens the Manned Spacecraft Center in

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TIMELINE

p. 584-585

1964 – (completely omitted from timeline)

1965 – (completely omitted from timeline)

1966 – (completely omitted from timeline)

1971 – (completely omitted from timeline)

1974 – (completely omitted from timeline)

1978 – (completely omitted from timeline)

1979 – (completely omitted from timeline)

Houston. The Center moves to a new campus-like building complex in 1964. It is renamed Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center on Aug. 17, 1973.

1964-Jan. 23- The poll tax is abolished by the 24th Amendment to the US Constitution as a requirement for voting for federal offices. It is retained in Texas, however, for state and local offices.

1965-May-The Legislature, following a federal court ruling, reapportions legislative districts on the principle of “one man, one vote.”

1965-June 3-San Antonio native Ed White becomes the first American to walk in space.

1966-Nov. 8-The poll tax is repealed as a requirement for in all elections by amendment of the Texas Constitution.

1966-Nov. 8-Barbara Jordan of Houston becomes the first black woman elected to the state Senate.

1971-Jan. 18-Attorneys at the Secrurities and Exchange Commission file a lawsuit alleging illegal manipulation of stock transactions involving Frank Sharp and his Sharstown State Bank of Houston. The Sharpstown Scandal results in the conviction of House Speaker Gus Mutscher and two associates for conspiracy and bribery in 1972.

1974-Jan. 8-A Constitutional Convention meets to attempt to write a new state constitution. However, the delegates, comprising the membership of the 63rd Legislature, become mired in divisive politics, and the conventuion adjourns on July 30, 1974, without a document.

1978-Nov. 7-William Clements is elected the first Republican governor of Texas since Reconstruction.

1979-April 10-Several tornadoes kill 53 in West Texas, including 42 in Wichita Falls, and cause $400 million in damages.

http://www.texasalmanac.com/topics/history/20th-centuryPublisher’s response: See General Note A.

36. CHAPTER 29TIMELINEp. 608-609

1984 – (completely omitted from timeline)

1990 – (completely omitted from timeline)

1993 – (completely omitted from timeline)

OF 1984-July-The no-pass-no-play rule is part of an education-reform package enacted by the Legislature.

1984-Aug. 20-23-The National Republican Convention is held in Dallas.

1990-Nov. 6-Democrat Ann Richards is elected the first woman governor of Texas in her own right.

1993-April 19-Ending a siege that began on Feb. 28, federal agents storm the compound called Mount Carmel near Waco, where cult leader David Koresh and his followers, called Branch Davidians, had

17

2001 – (completely omitted from timeline)2003 – (completely omitted from timeline)

2004 – (completely omitted from timeline)2005 – (completely omitted from timeline)2006 – (completely omitted from timeline)2008 – (completely omitted from timeline)

reportedly been storing a large cache of assault weapons. The assault and ensuing fire kill four agents and 86 Branch Davidians.

1993-June 14-Republican Kay Bailey Hutchison becomes the first woman to serve as US Senator from Texas.

2001- Enron filed for bankruptcy protection 2003-Space shuttle Columbia broke apart across southeastern Texas

as it descended toward its planned landing, all crew members were lost.

2004-Lance Armstrong won sixth Tour de France. 2005-Hurricane Rita forced over 1 million to evacuate. 2006-Two Enron executives convicted of conspiracy, fraud Hurricane Ike struck Texas Gulf Coast, caused major flooding, loss

of life, billions of dollars in damages http://www.texasalmanac.com/topics/historyPublisher’s response: See General Note A.

37. CHAPTER 32TIMELINEp. 676-677

1975 – (completely omitted from timeline) OF 1975- HOGG, IMA (1882–1975). Ima Hogg, philanthropist and patron of the arts, daughter of Sarah Ann (Stinson) and Governor James Stephen Hogg, was born in Mineola, Texas, on July 10, 1882. She had three brothers, William Clifford Hogg, born in 1875; Michael, born in 1885; and Thomas Elisha Hogg, born in 1887. According to family history, Ima was named for the heroine of a Civil War poem written by her uncle Thomas Elisha. Her name became a part of Texas folklore, along with the myth of a fictitious sister supposedly named Ura. Ima Hogg was affectionately known as Miss Ima for most of her long life. She was eight years old when her father was elected governor; she spent much of her early life in Austin. After her mother died of tuberculosis in 1895, Ima attended the Coronal Institute in San Marcos, and in 1899 she entered the University of Texas.She started playing the piano at age three and in 1901 went to New York to study music. Her father’s illness drew her back to Texas in 1905. After his death in 1906 she continued her music studies in Berlin and Vienna from 1907 to 1909. She then moved to Houston, where she gave piano lessons to a select group of pupils and helped found the Houston Symphony Orchestra, which played its first concert in June 1913. Miss Ima served as the first vice president of the Houston Symphony Society and became president in 1917. She became ill in late 1918 and spent the next two years in Philadelphia under the care of a specialist in mental and nervous disorders. She did not return to Houston to live until 1923.In the meantime, oil had been struck on the Hogg property near West Columbia, Texas, and by the late 1920s Miss Ima was involved in a wide

18

range of philanthropic projects. In 1929 she founded the Houston Child Guidance Center, an agency to provide therapy and counseling for disturbed children and their families. In 1940, with a bequest from her brother Will, who had died in 1930, she established the Hogg Foundation for Mental Hygiene, which later became the Hogg Foundation for Mental Health at the University of Texas. In 1943 Miss Hogg, a lifelong Democrat, won an election to the Houston school board, where she worked to establish symphony concerts for schoolchildren, to get equal pay for teachers regardless of sex or race, and to set up a painting-to-music program in the public schools.In 1946 she again became president of the Houston Symphony Society, a post she held until 1956, and in 1948 she became the first woman president of the Philosophical Society of Texas. Since the 1920s she had been studying and collecting early American art and antiques, and in 1966 she presented her collection and Bayou Bend, the River Oaks mansion she and her brothers had built in 1927, to the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston. The Bayou Bend Collection, recognized as one of the finest of its kind, draws thousands of visitors each year.In the 1950s Miss Ima restored the Hogg family home at Varner Plantation near West Columbia, and in 1958 she presented it to the state of Texas. It became Varner-Hogg Plantation State Historical Site. In the 1960s she restored the Winedale Inn, a nineteenth-century stagecoach stop at Round Top, Texas, which she gave to the University of Texas. The Winedale Historical Center now serves as a center for the study of Texas history and is also the site of a widely acclaimed annual fine arts festival. Miss Hogg also restored her parents' home at Quitman, Texas, and in 1969 the town of Quitman established the Ima Hogg Museum in her honor.In 1953 Governor Allan Shivers appointed her to the Texas State Historical Survey Committee (later the Texas Historical Commission), and in 1967 that body gave her an award for "meritorious service in historic preservation." In 1960 she served on a committee appointed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower for the planning of the National Cultural Center (now Kennedy Center) in Washington, D.C. In 1962, at the request of Jacqueline Kennedy, Ima Hogg served on an advisory panel to aid in the search for historic furniture for the White House. She was also honored by the Garden Club of America (1959), the National Trust for Historic Preservation (1966), and the American Association for State and Local History (1969).In 1968 Miss Hogg was the first recipient of the Santa Rita Award, given

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by the University of Texas System to recognize contributions to the university and to higher education. In 1969 she, Oveta Culp Hobby, and Lady Bird Johnson became the first three women members of the Academy of Texas, an organization founded to honor persons who "enrich, enlarge, or enlighten" knowledge in any field. In 1971 Southwestern University gave Miss Hogg an honorary doctorate in fine arts, and in 1972 the National Society of Interior Designers gave her its Thomas Jefferson Award for outstanding contributions to America's cultural heritage.On August 19, 1975, at the age of ninety-three, Ima Hogg died of complications from a traffic accident that occurred while she was vacationing in England. Her funeral was at Bayou Bend. She was buried on August 23 in the Hogg family plot in Oakwood Cemetery in Austin. The major benefactor in her will was the Ima Hogg Foundation, a charitable nonprofit organization she established in 1964.BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Virginia Bernhard, Ima Hogg: The Governor's Daughter , 3rd ed. (Denton: Texas State Historical Association, 2011). James Stephen Hogg Papers, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin. Louise Kosches Iscoe, Ima Hogg (Austin: Hogg Foundation for Mental Health, 1976). Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary (4 vols., Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1971–80).Virginia Bernhard, "HOGG, IMA," Handbook of Texas Online (http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fho16), accessed October 11, 2014. Uploaded on June 15, 2010. Modified on May 14, 2012. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.

Publisher’s response: See General Note A.38. FACTS ABOUT

TEXAS

p. R10

The Pledge to the Texas Flag

On April 3, 1965, Governor John Connally signed an act of the 59th legislature, officially designating the following as the pledge to the Texas flag:

Honor the Texas Flag.I pledge allegiance to thee,Texas, one and indivisible.

HT; OF The pledge erroneously referred to the 1836 national flag, known as David G. Burnet's flag, instead of the Lone Star Flag. Senator Searcy Bracewell introduced a bill to correct this error in 1951, but the legislature did not delete the words "of 1836" until 1965. The pledge was again amended by House Bill 1034 during the 80th Legislature with the addition of "one state under God." The revised wording became effective on June 15, 2007.The text of the current law, Chapter 3100, Sections 3100.101 - 3100.104 of the Texas Government Code, is available to be viewed online.Texas State Library and Archives Commissionhttp://www.tsl.texas.gov/ref/abouttx/flagpledge.htmlPublisher’s response: The text clearly states that it is quoting the

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original (1965) Pledge to the Texas Flag signed by Governor Connally.

39. Acknowledg-ments

p. R58

Excerpt from “Mustang Gray” from I’ll Tell You a Tale by J. Frank Dobie. Text copyright © 1928, 1930, 1931, 1935, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1947, 1949, 1959, 1951, 1952, 1955 and 1960 by J. Frank Dobie. Reprinted by permission of Little, Brown and Company.

An excerpt from In a Narrow Grave by Larry McMurtry. Text copyright © 1968 by Larry Mc Murtry. Reprinted by permission of Wylie Agency Inc.

Excerpt from “Why I Write About Mexico” from The Collected Essays and Occasional Writings of Katherine Anne Porter by Katherine Anne Porter. Text copyright © 1923, 1970 by Katherine Anne Porter. Reprinted by permission of The Permissions Company on behalf of the Katherine Anne Porter Literary Trust.

OF ONLY THREE (3) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THIS WHOLE TEXTBOOK?

Texas has a rich and diverse history. More research should have gone into the factual base of this textbook and those sources should be made available.

Every Texas city, county and important person has a history that should be studied, highlighted, engrained in every Texas student and acknowledged in this textbook.

The publishers/researchers might want to look at these sources: Magnificent Sam: The Amazing Adventures of Sam Houston by

Laurie Cockerell. Copyright 2013 © by Laurie Cockerell. Kinderfable Press, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.

Texas In Her Own Words as told to Tweed Scott. Copyright © 2006 by Tweed Scott. Redbud Publishing, Victoria, Texas, USA.

MONTGOMERY COUNTY, TEXAS: HISTORICAL TIMELINE by Larry L. Foerster, J.D. Copyright © January, 2014 by Larry Foerster and presented by the Montgomery County Commissioners Court and the Montgomery County Historical Commission. Published by HPN Books, San Antonio, Texas, USA.

(There are many more sources, too numerous to list here!)Publisher’s response: The Acknowledgments on p. R58 pertain only to those excerpts within the textbook that we as a publisher are legally obligated to acknowledge using, as part of agreements to reprint copyrighted material. This brief list in no way represents all the many primary source quotations throughout the program, most of which were determined to be either Public Domain or Fair Use (and thus do not require an Acknowledgment). The textbook is based on extensive research that is not evident from this list.

Evaluation of Social Studies Skills and other important issuesNumber Questions Yes No

1. Is the appropriate vocabulary relevant to the subject matter presented to students?For example, on comparative government are terms such as monarchy, oligarchy, democracy, socialism, fascism, and communism presented?

x

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2. Are the captions under pictures factual? x

3. Are the charts and graphs relevant to the topic being presented? x

4. Are the maps accurate and relevant to the topic? x

5. Are questions thought provoking? Is adequate and accurate material provided so that the students can formulate appropriate answers?

Questions require answers that are opinion-based, not fact-based.

6. Are primary and secondary sources presented for students to examine (for bias, propaganda, point of view, and frame of reference)?*

Opinions from students are required for sources.

7. Does the text present a lesson on how to evaluate the validity of a source based on language, corroboration with other sources, and information about the author? *

Very few real facts are presented. Therefore, no information about author or sources is required.

8. Does the textbook have a Glossary? Are key terms included and defined? x

9. Does the textbook have accurate timelines to help the student understand chronological historical developments?

NO. This is a major drawback in this textbook. The timeline is chopped into areas the author wants to promote. Too many facts are omitted in the text and timeline. Every chapter should cover only a ten-year span and should include all the events that occurred in that ten-year span. That would make the textbook easier to follow and make Texas history more enjoyable and easier to learn.

Concerns: The texts in both the teacher edition and student edition promote progressive/Marxist ideas of government regulation over personal freedom of choice in a free-market society. There is no mention anywhere of the fact that “the government is of the people, by the people, for the people.” The texts continue to indoctrinate that “the government shall regulate…for the public good.” Some omission of facts that should have been presented. Text bounced around so that is is hard to follow a chronological sequence.

This textbook is divided into issue areas (chapters on reforms, movements) and does not follow events in an historical chronological timeline. In order for this textbook to be adopted by Texas school districts, the publishers must do more factual research, include more factual history, promote more real Texans and tell their real stories, and write each chapter to follow the correct historical timeline to make history more accessible and understandable. The textbook must be paper printed and bound (not limited to online technology.)

“We’re fighting for our culture and for our way of life. You can wipe out a generation of people. You can burn their homes to the ground and somehow they’ll still come back. But if you destroy their achievements, their history, then it’s like they never existed; just ash floating. That’s what Hitler (socialists, progressives, revisionists) wants. And it’s the one thing we simply can’t allow… This is our history and it is not to be stolen or destroyed. It is to be held up and admired.”

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The Monuments Men: Allied Heroes, Nazi Thieves, and The Greatest Treasure Hunt in History by Robert M. Edsel and Bret Witter. Copyright © 2013 by Robert M. Edsel and Bret Witter. Published by Back Bay Books.

All History books should be written based on this statement of fact.

Evaluations based on templateChoices Explanations Yes No

1. This text has minor changes that need to be made

2. This text has a moderate number of changes

3. This text has substantial changes that need to be made

4. This book is so flawed that it is not recommended for adoption. This book omits so many facts that the presentation of Texas history here has been severely revised and compromised and therefore cannot be trusted.

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