T s3 gh3_yangbo sun
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Dr. Yangbo SUN
China’s National River Health Monitoring & Restoration Program
Ministry of Water Resources, China
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Contents
China’s River and Water Resources
National River Health Monitoring &Restoration Program
Yellow River – Lessons learnt
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2005/10 3
China’s Rivers
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Population density
Social and Economic Development
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Challenges for River
Floods Water Scarcity
21
42
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
80年代 90年代
Water pollution Soil Erosion/Sediment
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Many rivers and lakes suffer quality deterioration, changes in morphology and hydrology, as well as habitat degradation.
Since 1990s, water reallocations have been carried out in the Yellow River, Hei River and Tarim River, which reduced deterioration of river health in those basins.
Starting in 2004, pilot projects have been undertaken in 12 cities to carry out ecological protection and rehabilitation of the rivers and lakes in these regions.
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Restore the River Health
Water Quality Hydrology Habitat Ecology Water Functions
Impact assessment
Strategy and Actions
Status
Risks
Response
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National River Health Assessment Programme
Purpose:
To carry out regular river basin health assessment by 2015
To commissions perform their role in water and ecological protection To achieve the river health objectives by 2020.
Outputs:
(i) River health assessment methods and principles
(ii) Publication of River Health Assessment Report every 2 years .
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Definition of Healthy River
• Water Framework Directive – EU• Healthy Waterway and Report Cards - Australia• Clean Water Act –USA• Yellow River Environment Flow Restoration - YRCC
Health River refers to a water body with good natural status and good social functions, a sustainable and harmonious relations between Human and Nature. The natural status will be evaluated in respect of Biology, Hydrology, Habitats and Chemical etc. The Social Function is to evaluate the water status for human needs
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Time Schedule
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 20162009
Phase I
Develop river health assessment indicators, standards and methodologies
River health survey for a complete year
Preparation of River Health Assessment Report (Pilots)
Capacity building
Phase II
Revision of relevant technical documents/guidelines
Study on key technologies
Capacity building
River health assessment of major rivers/lakes
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Monitoring Investigation Evaluation
N ational H ealthA ssessmentR eport of R ivers & Lakes
2010 2011 2012 2013
ResearchesPilot study
Identification
Workplan of Phase I
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Current Work (2010 to 2011)
Pilot selectionOne river, lake and reservoir selected for each of seven major basins to carry out health assessment
Research Studies
Ecological survey of typical rivers/lakes and characterisation study
Study on river health assessment in China and abroad
Data base analysis and investigation on monitoring capacity
River health assessment indicators
River health assessment standards
River health assessment methodologies
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Water quality
Climate
Geology
Land use
Ecological processes
Hydraulic habitat
Hydrology Geomorphology
Physical
Chemical Biological
EconomyEducationTrade, etc
Ecological river health Social river health
Catchment management
policy
River management
policy
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Results of River Quality
Level River Quality
1 High
2 Good
3 Moderate
4 Poor
5 Bad
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Challenges for River Health Assessment
Insufficient knowledge about: ecological zoning for river health assessment threat-impact relationsindicators, standards and methodologies
Data base: Inadequate data and capacity on biological and habitats monitoring
Interagency collaboration: pollution (environmental protection), wetland (forestry), fishery (agriculture)
Lack of empirical studies: limited cases available in terms of number and types
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YRCC- ACEDP Yellow River Health Assessment and Environment Flow
Research
River health assessment and environmental flow methodologies developed is of great help to China’s practice
Identification of suitable river health indicators and preparation of river health report cards
Field works, training and workshops have improved the capacity building
Provide advice and policy recommendations on e-flows, water allocation and basin planning methods based on international reviews.
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17
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Healthy River framework
“Healthy Indicators of the Yellow River” • Flow continuity• Channel configuration for water and
sediment transportation• Water quality standard• River ecosystem• Water supply capacity
Hydrology
Geomorphology
Water quality
Ecology
Social-economic
Indicator groups
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Presentation HeadingPresentation Heading
River Health Index
Social/Economic
Fish
Physical form Hydrology Water qualityEcology
Environmental
Indicators…
Invertebrates
Vegetation
Wetlandvegetation
(remote sensing)
Primaryproductivity
Hydraulichabitat
Survey and modelling
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Mengjinwetlands
Zhengzhouwetlands Kaifeng
wetlands
DongpingLake
Deltawetlands
River channelReaches and Assets
1
2
3
4
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Technical work
• Acquire data• Establish metrics• Experiment with weightings• Work on presentation
– Report card– Technical reports– Manuals
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• YRCC established an environmental flow regime since 2000– Minimum flows– Flows to maintain water quality– Sediment flushing flows– Flows for estuary and delta health
• Many environmental flow studies have since been undertaken:– Basin-scale– Single asset focus– Hydrology-only– Holistic
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Regulation phases
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Cu
mu
lati
ve d
am a
ctiv
e st
ora
ge
cap
acit
y (1
09m
3 )
post-Sanmenxia
post-Longyangxia
post-Xiaolangdi
Liujiaxia
pre-Sanmenxia
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Trend in water use
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s
Lan
d u
nd
er i
rrig
atio
n (
104
ha)
Decade
Irrigated area
Lower reaches
Middle reaches
Upper reaches
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s
Mea
n w
ater
uti
lise
d (
108
m3/y
ear)
Decade
Water utilised
Lower reaches
Middle reaches
Upper reaches
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Natural trend – climate change
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Lij
in a
nn
ual
nat
ura
l d
isch
arg
e (1
09
m3 )
61.7 x 109 m3
43.9 x 109 m3
Is this suitable for reference hydrology?
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No drying-up
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Day
s o
f ce
ase
to f
low
Lijin Cumulative annual days of cease to f low
Annual peak cease to f low spell duration
Xiaolangdi Dam
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River health hydrology index
• The reference– The environmental flow components
• Baseflows• Flow pulses• Sediment flushing
• The test– In any year, to what extent were the components met?
• Score, 0 = not met at all; 1 = fully met; 0 – 1 = partially met
• Test: frequency, duration, magnitude, rate of rise and fall
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Environmental Flow Restoration Actions 1998-2011
• Legal measures, Public Consultation,• Technical measures
– Water Allocation Scheme 58 bcm=37+21 bcm (EF)– Remote control and Real time control
• Artificial Floods• Flushing river sediments• Flood plain and wetlands restoration• Improve river morphology and Reduce flood risk
• Ecological restoration
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Water Quantity and Water Quality
• Continuous river flow restored in 1997, river dried for 226 days since 1998, the river has flow continuously for 12 years
• Water quality improved
• Legislation of water pollution control• Pollution reduction and cleaner production Tech.• Monitoring and supervision enhanced• Water quality trends of mainstream of the Yellow River
in 2002-2006
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2001 2009
NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS,and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team
Wetlands eco-system• habitat of the fishes and migration birds• recovered from the dry up periods
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Keeping Healthy Life of the Rivers
International Yellow River Forum
Oct. 16, 2012, Zhengzhou ,China