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ED ITOR IAL

Since World War II the threat has been to all mankind thatsome irresponsible person would press the button that wouldbring about the holocaust of World War III and possibly completeoblivion for all of us0 Humanity as a whole seems to relate andrespond better to “chicken little” thinking than to the processesof logical thinking.

It is bad enough to listen to the 4isasters that are to befall us from water pollution, famine, oil spills, yes even tothe suggestion that capital punishment will return and thespectacle will be a spectacular on television; but the sudden cryfor National Unity in the face of the threat of a separateFrench Canada or the formation of a new state surpasses all thehysteria that the media has whipped up heretofore0

So, it was an historic occasion when a corrupt governmentwas thrown out and a whole set of new brooms were turned looseto sweep Quebec clean. The panic that followed the election andhas continued, is simply unbelievable in an age when new statesare emerging all over the world. One would imagine thatDoomsday or Armageddon was at hand, and now there was a greaterthreat to all of us in Canada than even the thought of anuclear holocaust.

All the vast amount of print that has been spread on thesubject has covered every aspect of what it is to be a Canadian,except the one fundamental that has left so many unresolvedquestions unanswered; for example, just one, the plight of ournative people, and that is man’s humanity to man0 The greed ofexploiters of this land since the white man came is as evidenttoday as it was when glib promises were made to our nativepeople and just as glibly broken0 The whole fear is not thatwe will no longer he a country from sea to sea, but that themighty Corporations that rule our lives will lose out financiallyNot a pleasant prospect when a multi—millionaire might lose amillion instead of making one

There is nothing wrong with Canada that some human understanding couldn’t quickly cure, but in that case there is no roomfor greed. Power politics is the. “big league” of the bigleague players who play not only for money but for lives.

Yes, the past election might be the most historic event inCanada since Confederation, but only if the majority ofCanadians are willing to be used and stampeded by the hysteriaof the media as a whole.

3

MINUTES

Minutes of the third meeting of the Council of the BritishColumbia Historical Association, 1976-77, held in BurnabyFebruary 13, 1977.

Present: A. Slocomb, Pres., R. Barnett, Sec., N. Halleran,Treas., K. Leeming, Victoria, C. McAllister, Victoria,J. McCook, Victoria, C. Joyce, Port Alberni, D. New, Galiano,R. Tweed, Campbell River, A. Bramhall, Recording Sec., Burnaby.

Meeting was called to order by President Slocomb at 1.30 p.ri.

Moved Tweed, seconded Leemin.g, minutes be adopted ascirculated — carried.

Committee reports: Historic trails committee, James McCook —

The B,C.H.A. is now a member of the “Outdoor League’.

Cook Bicentennial Committee 1978, Aif Slocomb — The B.C.Government has allocated funds. Correspondence continues withthe Postmaster General concerning a stamp. Pacific NationalExhibition re Cook theme, S.F.U. seminar, the program has justbeen released, B.C.H.A, Annual Convention 1978 at CampbellRiver was discussed.

Treasurer’s report — Balance $1201.11 plus $336.84 in CanadaPermanent. Moved Halleran, seconded Leeming, Carried.

1977 Annual Meeting and Convention, A. Bramhall Burnaby.Council meetings will be scheduled for 3.00 p.m. Thursday, May26 and Sunday May 29 at 10.00 a.m.

Correspondence — Letters were received from Community ArtsCouncil, Martin Seggar, Provincial Museum, Mr Jack Roff, GoldenHistorical Society, La Soci&t Historique Franco—columbienne.

Application for membership with the B,C.H.A. recei.red fromSydney and North Saanich Historical Society, Moved Leeming,seconded McAllister that the Council recommend their acceptance.Carried.

A discussion was held concerning a new brochure. MrsBarnett presented a draft.

P.esident Slocomb appointed a nominating committee for 1977.C. McAllister, Chairman, D. New, member.

New Business Regrets for not attending were received fromCol. Andrews, Frank Street, W. Weir, A. Turner.

Gun—ah—noot grave marker near Stewart is reported to be inneed of repair.

Accredited delegates, one for every ten members, plus Councilmembers will be given voting cards at the 1977 annual meeting.

Moved McCook, seconded Halieran, meeting be adjourned.

Arlene Bramhall, Recording Secretary.

4

BRITISI COLUMBIA HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION*

*ANNUAL CONFERENCE *

* Burnaby, B.C0, May 2628, 1977*

*THURSDAY EVENING Wine and Cheese Party at B,CLT. *

* FRIDAY MORNING ‘Mini Seminar ‘THE FRASER’ withDr Carl Borden et aL *

*FRIDAY NOON . Luncheon with Mayor Tom Constable *

* FRIDAY AFTEPNOON Visit to Heritage Village -

Burnabys famous museum *

*FRIDAY EVENING . . Sunset tour of Simon Fraser Univ. *

* SATURDAY MORNING Annual meeting of B.C.H.A.*

* SATURDAY AFTERNOON Old-fashioned Garden Party

SATURDAY EVENING Annual Banquet in the beautiful *

* pavilion on Burnaby Lake.*

*BE SURE TO PLAN TO COME MARK YOUR CALENDAR *

*BURNABY HISTORICAL SOCIETY - HOST *

* *•* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

SOCIETY NOTES AND COMMENTS

ALBERNI In November readings were given by members of primesource material of our local history. Adam Home’s own accountof the first crossing of Vancouver Island to the West Coast, inthe service of the Hudson’s Bay Company; the reports of missionaries, Father Brabant and the Rev. Willemar, and concluding witha letter sent by pioneer James Thompson to the SeychelleIslands at the turn of the century, giving him all the news ofthe small settlement at Alberni.

In January, Treasurer Anne Roll produced a very well—received programme about Della Falls. The mining, logging andrecreational features were discussed. Highlight was the papergiven by Kay Dukowsky on her uncle, the well—remembered JoeDrinkwater, who discovered Della Falls and named it for his wife.Mrs Alice Riley found a poem written by her father, Mr Clegg,on the loss of Joe Drinkwater.

A short series, “A Long Look Back” is now appearing on thelocal television. The Alberni Valley Museum and members of theHistorical Society are featured.

BOWEN ISLAND The Bowen Island Historians marked their 10thanniversary in 1977. Since that time they have learned a lot,have amassed a large quantity of historic material, and havepublished a book on Bowen Island’s history. The Society has now

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6

B.C. BOOKS OF INTEREST, compiled by Frances Woodward.AFFLECK, Edward L. ed, Kootenay yesterdays, (The Kootenays inRetrospect, v.3) Vancouver, Alex. Nicolls Press, 1976. 174 pp.illus. $10,

ANTONSON, Brian ad. Canadian Frontier Annual. Surrey, NunagaPub., 1976, 112 pp. illus, $4.95.

ASHLEE, Tad. Gabby, Ernie and me: a fond recollection of a Van’couver boyhood. Vancouver, J.J. Douglas, 1975. 129 P. $7.95.

BEEBE, Frank L. Hawks, falcons and falconry. Saanichton, HancockHouse, 1976. 320 pp. illus. $24.95.

BERNSOHN, Ken & Kathy. Prince George backroads. Sidney, Saltaire,1976. 139 pp. jima. $4.95.

BOWERS, Dan. Exploring Golden Ears Park, Vanccuver, J.J. Douglas,1976, 98 pp. illus. $395,

BRIDGE, Raymond. The campers’ guide to Alaska, the Yukon and northern British Columbia. N.Y. Scribners, 1976. 169 pp. $10.

B.C. DEPT. OF THE ENVIRONMENT. Saltspring Island; a landscapeanalysis, by H.E. Hirvonen et al. Victoria, 1974. 54 pp. illus.

BRUCE, Jean. The last best west. Don Mills, Fitzhenry & Whiteside,1976. 177p. $15.

CARELESS, Virginia. Bibliography for the study of B.C.’s domestic material history. Ottawa, National Museums of Canada,1976. 73 pp. illus,

CLARK, Lewis J. ed. Wild flowers of the Pacific Northwest. Sidney,Gray, 1976. 600 pp. illus. $39.95.

CURTIS, Edward S. Visions of a vanishing race. Don Mills, Fitz—henry & Whiteside, 1976. 320 Pp. $41.

ELLIS, Patricia N. ad. indian tales of the Northwest. Vancouver,Commcept Pub,, 1976. 102 pp. illus. $3.85.

GALBRAITH, John S. The little Emperor: Governor Simpson of theHudson’s Bay Co. Toronto, Macmillan, 1976. 232 pp. illus. $16.95.

HALL, Torn W. Guide to the wildlife of the Rockies. Saanichton,Hancock House, 1975. 32 pp. illus. $2.50,

MARKER, Douglas E. The Woodwards. Vancouver, Mitchell Press, 1976.316 pp. illus. $9.75.

HARPER, J. Russell. W.G.R, Hind. Ottawa, National Gallery, 1976.91 pp. illus, $3.95.

HEWLETT, Stefani, Sea life of the Pacific Northwest. Toronto,McGraw Hill-’Ryerson, 1976. 176 pp. illus. $14.95.

HILL—TOUT, James E. The Abbotsford Hill—Touts. Delta, The Author,1976. 43 pp. ilius..

HUTCHISON, Bruce. The far side of the street: a personal record.Toronto, Macmillan, 1976. 320 pp. illus. $15.95.

JAEGER, Sig. The ABC of fo’c’sie living. Vancouver, J.J. Douglas,1976. 160 pp. illus. $2.95.

KEATING, Bern. Inside passage. Toronto, Doubleday, 1976. 160 pp.,illus. $22.95.

KERR, Lois, How to get the most out of your cruise to Alaska.Vancouver, J.J. Douglas, 1976. 176 pp. illus. $4.95.

KLINCK, Karl F. Robert Service: a biography. Toronto, McGraw—HillRyerson, 1976. 199 pp, illus. $9.95.

KNIGHT, Roif. A man of our times; the life history of a Japanese—Canadian fisherman. Vancouver, New Star Books, 1976. 90 p. $8.00.

KOPAS, Cliff. Packhorses to the Pacific, Sidney, Gray’s Pub.,1976. 160 pp. illus. $8.95,

7

KOZLOFF, Eugene N. Plants and animals of the Pacific Northwest.Vancouver, J.J. Douglas, 1976. $17.50,

LERMAN, Norman, comp. Legends of the river people. Vancouver,November House, 1976. 128 pp. illus, $6.95.

McGEACHIE, Pixie. Bygones of Burnaby: an anecdotal history.Burnaby, Century Park Museum Assoc. 1976. 108 p. illus. $4.95.

MARSTON, Doris R. A guide to writing history. Cincinnati, WritersDigest Div., F & W Publishing Corp., 9933 Alliance Road,Cincinnati, Ohio, 45242. 259 pp. $8.50.

MASON, Elda C. Lasqueti Island history and memory. South Wellington, Author, 1976. 102 pp. illus, $10.50.

NEAL, Arminta. Exhibits for the small museum. Nashville, Tennessee,American Assoc. fo State and Local History, 1976. 169 pp. $8,

PATERSON, T.W. Canadian treasure trails. Langley, Stagecoach,1976. 120 pp. illus. $2.95.

PATTERSON, R.M, Finlay’s River. Toronto, Macmillan, 1976. 315 pp.$5.50.

PERRIN, Tim. More exploring by bicycle, Vancouver, .J.J. Douglas,1976. 30 pp. illus, $3.95.

PERSONALITY & HISTORY IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: Essays in honour ofMargaret Ormsby, ed. by John Norris and Margaret Prang.B.C. Studies No. 32, Winter 1976—77. $4.

PETHICK, Derek. First approaches to the northwest coast. Vancouver, J.J. Douglas, 1976. 232 pp. illus. $12.50.

REES, David. Cross—country skiing: touring and competition. Van—couver, Copp Clark, 1975. 207 pp. illus.

REID, Wm. Indian art of the northwest coast: a dialogue...Vancouver, J.J. Douglas, 1976. 265 pp. $22.50,

RENWIC1< GALLERY. Boxes and bowls: decorated containers by 19thcentury Haida, Tlingit . . . Washington, Smithsonian Inst.1974. 93 pp. illus. $10,

SMITH, Helen K. Sitkum Siwash; a full—length historical dramaabout the life of John McLoughiin. . . Lake Oswego, Oregon,Smith, Smith & Smith. 1974. 104 pp. $2.95.

STELTZER, Ulli. Indian artists at work. Vancouver, J,J. Douglas,1976. 144 pp. illus, $12.95.

TURNER, Robert 1. The Pacific princesses: an illustrated historyof C.P.R.’s Princess fleet... Victoria, Sono Nis, 1977.252 p.s24.

UNIVERSITY OF B.C. School of Architecture. Saltspring Islandpatterns, 1974—75. Vancouver, 1975. 85 pp. illus.

WEINSTEIN, Robert A. Collection, use and care of historicalphbtographs. Nashville, Tennessee, American Assoc. for Stateand Local History, 1976, 222 pp. $16.

WICKS, Walter. Memories of Skeena. Saanichton, Hancock House,1976. 288 pp. illus. $10.95,

WILSON, Stuart R. Vancouver Island reflections. Nanaimo, VancouverIsland Real Estate Board, 1976. 97 pp. illus, $17.95.

WRIGHT, Richard. British Columbia cross—country ski routes. NewWestminster, Nunaga, 1976. 80 pp. illus. $3.95.

WHITE, Charles. Where to find salmon — Vancouver Island. Sidney,Saltaire, 1976. 192 pp. illus. $4.95.

STOP PRESS:ACLAND, James Alison. Aclands — and the sea.Dorchester, TheAuthor, 1976. 2.4O. Available from the Dorset County Museum,Dorchester, Dorset, England.

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the style varies from story to story, but I could wish for alighter touch now and again. History (particularly Canadianhistory) is deadly serious as we all know, but perhaps an occasional contributor could be found to introduce a little whimsicality. Even those dour looking gentlemen, the Fathers of Confederation as shown in the group painting ao frequently reproduced,had their frivolous moments.

It is good to note that the publishers require theirauthors to submit bibliographies, which are included at the backof the book. Even so, I did pick up an error in the tale “ToDawson or Bust”, in which the author places Robert Service inDawson City in 1899. His bank did not send him to the Yukonuntil 1904.

Was it a typographical error which made two words of “OldMan” River? The river was actually named for an individual,“Oldman”, and not for an anonymous elderly trapper.

As a convinced feminist from away back, I cannot forgivethe author of “Tiger in the Forest” for not naming the womanwho saved his hero’s life.

I regretted the absence of any article on the daily lifeof a pioneer family, but must grant that such a subject wouldhave difficulty fitting into a book sub—titled “27 excitingstories from Canada’s history”.

“Canadian Frontier” is well illustrated. For this reader,therefore, the very bold type sub-heads are simply a nuisanceand a distraction, particularly when they break up sentences-tnd frequently follow some paragraphs or a page after the topicin question. Perhaps I am in a minority with this complaint.

With these few criticisms, I can recommend “CanadianFrontier” to all who enjoy the by—ways of history.

Elizabeth Norcross.

Miss Norcross is a member of the Nanaimo Historical Society.

THE WO0DWARDS a family story of Ventures and Traditions, byDouglas E, Harker. Vancouver, Mitchell Press, 1976. 316 pp.illus. $9.75.

This is a family story, but it is also the success storyof a Western Canadian commercial venture, a department storefamiliar to shoppers in British Columbia and Alberta. The familystory has not been told before, and this is what makes DouglasHarker’s account fascinating and engrossing for the reader. Thepersonalities of the family from the persevering founder, CharlesWoodward, to his grandson, C.NW. Woodward, are all so diverseand yet, they are bound by a coimmercial enterprise in the bestHoratio Alger tradition.

In acing the early days of the founder of the store, theauthor makes effective use of a diary where Charles recorded his

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only British Columbians discussed. Unfortunately, the sectionon Mary Ellen. (the only one in the calendar not written by a collective member) does not mention her important polemical novelIs It Just? (1911) written under the pseudonym Minnie Smith0

On balance, Herstory 1977 constitutes a worthwhile contribution to efforts attempting to redress the general lack ofinformation concerning the role of women in the past and present.Underlying the work to assert the importance of women’s experiences is also a strong theme of Canadian nationalism which manywill welcome. The adequately spacious layout of the calendarcombine with the index, footnotes, bibliography and photographsto add to its usability.

Linda Hale

Linda Hale teaches Canadian history at Langara College, Vancouver.

JEWISH LIFE IN CANADA by William Kurelek and Abraham Arnold0Edmonton, Hurtig, 1976. 91 pp. illus. $9.95.

History is an accumulation of individual biographies, andno biography is complete without some representation, eitherimagistic or prosaic, of the particular characteristics of theindividuars lifestyle. And it would seem that viewing an historical event from the aspect of colour and imagination is ascreditable a perspective, in its own order, as a strictly analytical work of historical scholarship. William Kurelek’s engaging and illustrative paintings in the latest of his series (APrairie Boy’s Winter, Kurelek’s Canada, etc.) offer us this kindef perspective.

The historical event in this case is the series of causesand social tensions which led to the influx of Jewish peoplesinto Canada. To see the whole of this event, from all its var=ious vantage points, e.g. the reasons behind the racial discrimination manifested in Canadas immigration policies in the past,would involve a great deal of time and study. Abraham Arnolddoes attempt to offer us the required background but, perhapsbecause of restrictions of space, can barely scratch the surface.But the point is that this book does not purport to represent thewhole, to give us the final synopsis; instead, it depicts amodern painter’s vision of the concrete domestic scenes, thetype of food prepared and the customs concerning the table, thereligious practices, and the everyday life of the early Jewishfamilies.

In this way, one aspect of the whole, i.e. the images andcolour surrounding history, are particularly enlivened. And ifthis aspect is one which attracts the still receptive imagination(generally children but not necessarily) then we are, indeed,coming closer to the whole, We are immediately aware of our ownutensils and eating habits, our own clothes, and it is these-ects, which surface in a different cultural and temporalsituation, that retain their immediacy. Kurelek’s humble figures

16

and gentle pastels are, for that matter, less intimidating thanturn of the century, period photographs; they are both unassumingand interesting,6

Whether the work is, however, an effective collaboration between an artist and an historian, is best left to the reader.Suffice it to say that there seems to be little other than subjectmatter shared by the two. Arrioldts essays are brief and interesting, but seem to devolve more into contemporary applications oflessons learned in the past. What would have been of greaterinterest would have been an in depth discussion of the variouspaintings, outlining the social foods a.nd clothes in greaterdetail for example; this would lead the reader back to the paint-ings with larger appreciation.

Russell KeziereMr Keziere is a former member of the University of B.C. librarystaff.

THE SCOTTISH TRADITION IN CANADA, by W. Stanford Reid. Toronto,Published by McClelland and. Stewart in association with the Multi—culturalism Programme, Dept. of the Secretary of State. 324 pp.,illus, $12.95; $5.95 paper.

W. Stanford Reid has made an extremely worthwhile contributiantoward the study of the Scot in Canada. His work will be especially appreciated by the vast number of genealogists researchingtheir Scottish ancestry in this country.

It is obvious that the thirteen authors who wrote the variouschapters took time to research their topics. in a scholarly manner,documenting and noting their facts, yet presenting their information in & very palatable form. The notes and bibliography givenat the end of each essay will be of particular interest and aidto the aforementioned genealogists and to any serious student ofCanadian history.

As the authors developed their themes, certain basic historical facts were necessarily ;repeated in each essay. However,because these historical events were presented from differentpoints of view, it only added to the interest. The resultingseries of sixteen chapters on various topics such as “The Scot inthe Fur Trade”, “The Highland Catholic Traditionin Canada”,“The Scot as a Businessman”, “The Lowland Tradition in CanadianLiterature” to mention only a few, gives a very understandablepicture of the Scottish place in Canadian history.

Although the topics were varied, it was interestiag to notethe unanimity in the authorsv points of view about the strengthand ability to endure hardships and rise in triumph over them, whichcharacterized those early Scots. It was that strength and abilitythat led the Scots into every walk of life which made compiling abook such as “The Scottish Tradition in Canada” a mammoth endeavour.

I especially enjoyed George M. Stanley’s chapter on “TheScottish Military Tradition in Canada’. His love of the Gae1.ic,his use of the “oid” words and phrases and the obvious love andpride he feels for his countrymen, both past and present, broke all

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Poland on its emigrants to Canada, A few monographs, and countless periodical articles have been published on the subject. In1971, a collection of memoirs ‘Painitniki emigrant6w; Kanada,nr 1—16” finally appeared in print. Its story is an involvedone, In 1936, the Institute of Social Economy in Warsaw announceda contest in which it invited Polish emigrants to Canada to sendin their memoirs. Thirty—three entries were received, all fromsimple, semi--literate people. Almost all were labourers orfarmers. Some of them had done reasonably well in Canada, manyhad not. These memoirs present a rich, vivid picture of Canadaand the Canadian conditions as perceived by these s±mple, beild—ered people who had to face their new realities in the 1900—1936period. The collection was to have been published in 1939. TheSecond World War postponed this undertaking until 1971. Now thefirst sixteen of these memoirs are available. They make fascinatingreading and provide a rich source of sociological data,

Memoir writing in Poland is an old nd well establishedtradition, Each year there are 60 to 90 competitions, which produce between 30,000 to 40,000 entries. These are used by numerous historians and social scientists as valuable sources ofinformation. It seems sensible that perhaps we in British Columbia,who have only recently begun to take an interest in the historyof our province, and have discovered to our horror the lack ofrecorded materials, might think of supplementing our oral collections with memoirs.

Iza LaPotce

Mrs LaPonce is a social sciences librarian at the University of B.C.

A FUTURE TO INHERIT. THE PORTUGUESE COMMUNITIES OF CANADA, byGrace M. Anderson and David Higgs. Toronto, McClelland and Stewart,in association with the Multiculturalism Programme, Department ofthe Secretary of State, 192 pp. $12.95; $5.95 paper.

Mono—culturalism, bi—culturalism muiti—culturalismwhat is it that forms the fabric of this country, a fabric thatcurrently seems to be in some danger of permanent rendering? Isit that we are so apprehensive of our immediate future that wemust, ir comfort, seek out our immediate past? Of is thfs book,however well—wrapped sociologically, just another contribution tothe contemporary craze for Instant Nostalgia?

A Future to Inherit essays a detailed look at an ethnicpresence in Canada that is but 25 years old. Since the early1950’s, immigrants from Portuguese territories, which include theAzores and Madeira as well as mainland Portugal, have possiblyapproximated 100,000 in number. (Using these qualifiers delineatesome of the difficulties inherent in trying to obtain an overviewof this kind at such close quartersin point of time. The data,when they can be located and sorted out, tend to be rather inchoatefor objective analysis.) These immigrants have by now largelysettled in the environs of the major urban centres of this country,initially bringing with them strong cultural patterns from theirnative homelands. As the second generation comes of age, theirpatterns are emerging with some distinctiveness from those of thefirst.

Certainly, the authors offer this as but a firm base only for

19

future studies and indeed they have documented a cohesive study —

with an occasional flash of odd naivety. Having good footnotes, bibliography and index, this paperback is a thoroughlyresearched and well—presented initial contribution to thiscountry’s cultural mosaic — though possibly it is a bit aheadof its titie.

1t is idle to take to task this publication for what it isnot; but one could hope that the publisher and associates areundertaking equivalent studies in ethnic groupings that wouldlend themselves to more detailed evaluation simply because ofthe length of time of their presence in this land. The formatof a country—widespread is a clear and valid one and. should beproductive of a more objective look at an ethnic grouping thanare many existing studies which have been compiled from a provincial orientation only.

But an analysis of a society that is only twenty—five yearsold and whose pioneers are still largely active in their owncommunities? It smacks slightly of the triumphant announcementof the success of a complex operation in which the diagnosis,prognosis and ultimate stitching were carried out with masterfulaplomb. (The patic.nt, of course, is no longer with us.)

Why the rush?

Leonard McCann

Mr McCann is Curator of the Maritime Museum. Vancouver.

THE HAIDA INDIANS; Cultural change, mainly between 1876—1970,by Jacob Herman Van den Brink, Leiden, E.J. Brill, x, 275 pp.,map. no price available.

Early in 1965 a gentleman with a slightly Teutonic accentasked my wife if she were the daughter of Rev. B.C. Freeman.Thus began an acquaintance of which we both became very proud.A secondary school teacher from the Hague, he had got a year’sleave of absence to come to Canada to study the effects ofEurooean—North American civilization on the Haida Indians. Heintroduced himself as Jaap van den Brink and his charming wifeas Cor or Cora. Unfortunately, after returning to his home andprofessional work he suffered a good deal from spinal injury,which made teaching, study and writing difficult, so that nineyears were to pass before his thesis appeared in English, thoughit had been accepted for the doctorate at Utrecht in 1967. Thebook was updated in the seven year interval.

Dr van den Brink’s research is truly impressive, especiallyin view of the fact it had all to be done in what is, to him,a foreign language. He began in England with the Hudson’s BayCompany Archives and those of The Church Missionary Society,then came to Ottawa for the Public Archives and the Reports ofthe Department of Indian Affairs. Toronto gave him the mosttnformation through the United Church Archives in EmmanuelCollege and the Anglican Archives in Church House. Finally hecame to British Columbia for the Provincial Archives and Museumin Victoria and the materials in the theological colleges andU.B.C.’s Department of Anthropology and the regional office ofthe Department of Indian Affairs in Vancouver and a brief,

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NEWS FROM THE PROVINCIAL ARCHIVES

The Manuscripts and. Public Records Division sponsored itsfirst workshop of the year on Archival Principles and Practices,presented by Mr Kent Haworth at Fort Steele Historic Park, forindividuals and groups in the Kootenays working with archivalmaterial in their respective communities. More than thirtypersons from various points in the region (Trail, Castlegar,NeLson, Fernie, Sparwood, Creston, Cranbrook and Invvermere)attended the Friday evening and all day Saturday sessions. MrHaworth began the workshop with a discussion of the role andjustification for an archival programme in the community. Theresponsibilities for providing security, access, and trainedstaff as minimal requirements for the establishment of anyarchival programme were emphasized. This was followed by a day—long session involving participants in role plays, and, throughthe use of archival kits, the actual processing of archivalmaterial. Collections policy, accessioning, arrangement, description and cataloguing procedures were all dealt with duringthe course of the workshop.

The Provincial Archives will be sponsoring a similar workshop for the Okanagan Region in conjunction with the B.C.Museums Association Convention in Kelowna, Enquiries should bedirected to Mr Leonard Delozier at the Provincial Archives whowill be directing this workshop.

Aural History Opens to Public Use

The aural history collection of the Provincial Archives openedto public use on January 31st. Researchers will be able to usethe material any time during the normal opening hours of theArchives. The tape recordings and typescripts provide uniqueinsights into the social and cultural life of the province anda broad coverage of the late 19th and 20th century history ofBritish Columbia and. Western Canada.

Users will be aided by a computerized catalogue to thecollection which contains many cross references for each of theapproximately 1000 tapes that will initially be available. Otherlarge sections of the collection will be made available over thecoming months.

* * * * * * * * * * *

MEMORIAL TO EARLY CHINESE PIONEERS NEARS COMPLETION

The following account was sent to the News by Mrs Pamela Mar,Secretary of the Nanaimo Historical Society.

From the time that man first looked into the next field andfound it greener than his own, he has moved about to seek his fortune. It was the lure of gold that brought men from all countriesto the west coast of North America and later moved them to theCanadian gold fields. Among them came the Chinese, and when claimswere apparently worked out and the miners moved on, the Chinese

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by historical societies and individuals. Any donations will beused to buy shrubs and trees and can be sent care of Mrs J.Mar, 242 Cilaire Drive, Nanaimo B.C. V9S 3E4,

The Memorial. though erected in Nanaiino, is to all theChinese for this, strangely enough, is the first memorial of itskind in British Columbia and, we think, in all Canada. Perhapsit may become thc forerunner for other similar projects.

THE REMITTANCE MEN: WERE THEY ALL BLACK SHEEP?

by Gwen Hayball

Very few people today are familiar with the phrase‘remittance man’ but those interested in the literature ofWestern Canada will come across it frequently, Definitions areto be found in several reference volumes including the OxfordEnglish Dictionary, but the Dictionary of Canadianisms (1957)is the most explicit and the only one which describes the termas a disparagement. It reads thus: “Remittance man, (especiallyWest. Derogatory. Historical.) A personliving in Canada onmoney remitted from his family in the Ol,d Country, to insurethat he did not return home to become a source of embarrassment”.With few exceptions the contemptible type of remittance manappears throughout Canadian literature matching the definitionquoted. He is the black—sheep of the family, a ne’er—do—well,one who has blotted the family escutcheon. Sometimes, but rarelymaking good. At whatever cost he must be kept as far away fromthe family estate as possible, presumably this is why so manylanded in the Canadian West, However, the French also hadproblem Sons and as early as the 17th and 18th. centuries weresending their worthless sons, whose morals were as loose as theirpurse strings, to French Canada, to quote Mr A.R.M. Lower fromhis book Canadians in the Making.

Of all the references found in books and newspapers the mostdamning criticism was found in an English newspaper. It appearedin an article published in 1908. It stated: “. . . . that thesepersons (that is, remittance men) are a curse in Western Canada —

a curse to themselves, to their neighbours, and to the country.In the course of six months’ stay in Vancouver I heard of halfa dozen scandals caused by the presence of Englishmen of goodfamily and education who were even less scrupulous and honourablein Vancouver than they had been at home, Two of these personslanded in gaol and the others were expelled from hotels and clubs,It is not worth while to go into details, The conduct of which‘remittance men’ is so often guilty is the same all over theworld”. What were the crimes that they committed? As far as myresearch has gone, they were based on financial difficulties.As long as the allowance lasted they had Friends to help them

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By 1912 the word remittance man was still a household termin the British Colonies, but the men themselves were less conspicuous. Mr L.V. Kelly, in his short piece, shows an objectivitylacking in most definitions and articles. A remittance man, hesays, “is an Englishman who has had the misfortune to be born ofrich parents and who possesses an inherent dislike for anythingstaidly respectable. He is a man who cares no more for theexercise of common sense than he does for outraged propriety, solong as he succeeds in his own peculiar aims of selfish enjoyment. .‘and continues to say that when such a person becomes unmanageablehe is. dispatched to Canada because, being bigger and wider thanother colonies, unwelcome news would arrive less frequently.

The point I wish to make has been most aptly described byMr Kelly. It is, that to Westerners the phrase ‘remittance men’was synonymous with rich Englishman’, consequently many respectable British were saddled with this sobriquet undeservedly. Itis a supposition to say that an Englishman living in Canada on anincome stemming from England, is a remittance man, as defined bythe Western Canadian mind. The apparently idle rich, the law-abiding immigrant or sojourner should not have been so maligned.During the 1890’s and early 1900’s Canada came into prominenceas an exciting new country to settle in or to visit. The vastopen spaces and potential big game areas were becoming known andthis drew a large number of adventurous sportsmen to BritishColumbia in particular.

Warburton Pike, the well known big game hunter and authorwas of this calibre although he is still spoken of as one of thewealthier remittance men. George Walley in his book “The Legendof John Hornby”, makes the distinction clear, “(Hornby) a... wassometimes spoken of contemptuously .... as a remittance man.But in fact Hornby had some private income from home”. Meaningthat it was his personal income and not an allowance from thefamily which supported him.

The remittance man may be a vanished type; on the other handhe may still be around but now no longer prominent due to thelarge increase in population and prosperity. He has in factbecome a sgement of the mosaic which is Canada.

Since there are people who still like to recall memories ofthe so called remittance men, it may not be too late to segregatethe black sheep from the rest whose total remittances did, afterall, help to swell the coffers of the country.

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