Muscle Tissue

y.y.

Muscle Tissue

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry

仇文颖

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

Qiu Wen Ying

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

TELTEL：：6915646169156461E ilE il h @126h @126

D

ept

D

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QQQQ：：24164911612416491161QQQQ群：群：305357734305357734

PUM

C

PUM

C

IntroductionIntroduction

I. Composition

y.y.

pA. Muscle cells: specialized contractile cells

B Extracellular matrix moderate amount

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry B. Extracellular matrix: moderate amount 

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

II. Function:Movement caused by cellular contraction

. of

Ana

. of

Ana Movement caused by cellular contraction

D

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D

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PUM

C

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C

Terminologyy.y.

muscle cells = muscle fibers

ll b l

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry cell membrane = sarcolemma

protoplasm = sarcoplasm

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. & protoplasm = sarcoplasm

smooth endoplasmic reticulum =

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

smooth endoplasmic reticulum   

sarcoplasmic reticulum

D

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D

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PUM

C

PUM

C

III. Classificationy.y.

Voluntary Involuntary

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry

Striated

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. & Striated

Skeletal Muscle Cardiac Muscle

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

Smooth( t i t d)

D

ept

D

ept ( unstriated)

------ Smooth Muscle

PUM

C

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C

Summary

Skeletal Muscle

I. Skeletal muscle fibers 

y.y.

1. Myofibrils2. Membrane system

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry y

3. Other components of the sarcoplasm

II Types of muscle fibers

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. & II. Types of muscle fibers

III. Organization

. of

Ana

. of

Ana IV. Innervation 

V. Mechanism of contraction

D

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D

ept V. Mechanism of contraction

VI. Development and regeneration

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C

I Skeletal Muscle FibersI. Skeletal Muscle FibersShape: long cylindrical 

multinucleated cells with

y.y.

multinucleated cells with cross‐striation

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry

Nuclei: ovoid and flattened, 

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

100‐1000 per cell, located at the periphery

. of

Ana

. of

Ana of the cell

D

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PUM

C

PUM

C

I. Skeletal Muscle FibersShape: long cylindrical 

multinucleated cells with

y.y.

multinucleated cells with cross‐striation

A & I band Z line

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry A & I band, Z line

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

Nuclei: ovoid and flattened, 100‐1000 per cell, 

. of

Ana

. of

Ana located at the periphery

of the cell

D

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D

ept

PUM

C

PUM

C

I. Skeletal Muscle FibersShape: long cylindrical 

multinucleated cells with

y.y.

multinucleated cells with cross‐striation

A & I band Z line

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry A & I band, Z line

Nuclei: ovoid and flattened, 100 1000 ll

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. & 100‐1000 per cell, 

located at the peripheryf th ll

. of

Ana

. of

Ana of the cell

Sarcoplasm: myofibrils, 

D

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D

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membrane system, other elements

PUM

C

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C

1. Myofibrils:yy.y.

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

D

ept

D

ept

PUM

C

PUM

C

1. Myofibrils:yy.y.

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

D

ept

D

ept

PUM

C

PUM

C

1. Myofibrils:. Myofibrils:

A band, I band, Z line, H band, M line

sarcomere ½ I band + A band + ½ I band

y.y.

sarcomere = ½ I band + A band + ½ I band

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

D

ept

D

ept

PUM

C

PUM

C

F‐actin

hi fil ithin filament    tropomyosin

Myofibrils troponin(TnT, TnC, TnI)

y.y.

thick filament   myosin   2 heavy chains

4 light chains

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry 4  light chains

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

D

ept

D

ept

PUM

C

PUM

C

A band: thick filaments

y.y.

M line: myomesin

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry

Cross bridges

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. & Cross bridges

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

I band: thin filaments

di l h i i

D

ept

D

ept Z disc：alpha‐actinin

PUM

C

PUM

C

y.y.&

Em

bry

& E

mbr

yat

. His

t. &

at. H

ist.

&. o

f A

na. o

f A

na

Dep

t

Dep

tPU

MC

PU

MC

Contraction: sliding filament hypothesisy.y.

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

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D

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PUM

C

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C

I band and H band become shorter or disappear

2 Membrane system:2. Membrane system:y.y.

a. T Tubule System: 

t A I j ti

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry at A‐I junction

b. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. & b. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Terminal cisterna

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

Triad: T tubule +terminal 

i t ×2

D

ept

D

ept cisterna×2

PUM

C

PUM

C

y.y.&

Em

bry

& E

mbr

yat

. His

t. &

at. H

ist.

&. o

f A

na. o

f A

na

Dep

t

Dep

tPU

MC

PU

MC

3. Other components:py.y. Mitochondria 

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry

Glycogen

Lipid droplet

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. & Lipid droplet

Myoglobin

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

D

ept

D

ept

PUM

C

PUM

C

II. Types of Muscle Fibery.y.

Red fibers (Type I)

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry

Intermediate fibers(Type IIa)

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. & Intermediate fibers(Type IIa)

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

White fibers (Type IIb )

D

ept

D

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C

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C

III. Types of Muscle FiberIII. Types of Muscle Fiber

Red fibers White

y.y.

fibersFiber

diametersmaller larger

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry diameter

Vascular supply

rich poor

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

Myoglobin rich poor

Mitochodria numerous few

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

Metablism aerobic anaerobic

Contraction Slow; not Fast; easily

D

ept

D

ept Contraction Slow; not

easily fatigued; weaker

t ti

Fast; easily fatigued; stronger

t ti

PUM

C

PUM

C contraction contraction

NADH staining

y.y.&

Em

bry

& E

mbr

yat

. His

t. &

at. H

ist.

&. o

f A

na. o

f A

na

Dep

t

Dep

t

Rabbit Ox

PUM

C

PUM

C

IH for myoglobin

III. Organization

1 Epimysium

y.y.

1. Epimysium

2. Perimysium

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry 3. Endomysium

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

D

ept

D

ept

PUM

C

PUM

C

EndomysiumEndomysium

F ti 1 N t itiFunction1: Nutritiony.y.

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

D

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D

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PUM

C

PUM

C

Blood capillary network

4. Myotendinous junctiony jy.y.

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

D

ept

D

ept

PUM

C

PUM

C

Function 2: Connect and transmit the forcey.y.

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

D

ept

D

ept

PUM

C

PUM

C

y.y.&

Em

bry

& E

mbr

yat

. His

t. &

at. H

ist.

&

IH for dystrophin

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

D

ept

D

ept

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

PUM

C

PUM

C dystrophy (DMD)

IV. InnervationSensitive nerves: muscle spindles & tendon organs

y.y.&

Em

bry

& E

mbr

yat

. His

t. &

at. H

ist.

&. o

f A

na. o

f A

na

Dep

t

Dep

tPU

MC

PU

MC

IV. InnervationMotor nerves: motor end-plate or myoneural junction

y.y.&

Em

bry

& E

mbr

yat

. His

t. &

at. H

ist.

&. o

f A

na. o

f A

na

Dep

t

Dep

tPU

MC

PU

MC

y.y.&

Em

bry

& E

mbr

yat

. His

t. &

at. H

ist.

&. o

f A

na. o

f A

na

Dep

t

Dep

tPU

MC

PU

MC

y.y.&

Em

bry

& E

mbr

yat

. His

t. &

at. H

ist.

&. o

f A

na. o

f A

na

Dep

t

Dep

tPU

MC

PU

MC

V Mechanism of ContractionV. Mechanism of Contractiony.y.

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

Sarcomere shorten↓

D

ept

D

ept ↓

Muscle fiber  shorten↓

PUM

C

PUM

C ↓

Muscle contraction

VI. Development and regeneration

myoblasts → myotubes→ muscle fibers  

y.y.&

Em

bry

& E

mbr

yat

. His

t. &

at. H

ist.

&. o

f A

na. o

f A

na

Dep

t

Dep

tPU

MC

PU

MC

VI. Development and regenerationy.y.

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

D

ept

D

ept

PUM

C

PUM

C

RegenerationRegenerationsatellite cell

y.y.&

Em

bry

& E

mbr

yat

. His

t. &

at. H

ist.

&. o

f A

na. o

f A

na

Dep

t

Dep

tPU

MC

PU

MC

Cardiac MuscleCardiac MuscleI. Cardiac muscle fiber

1 Intercalated disk

y.y.

1. Intercalated disk 2. Myofibrils3 Membrane system

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry 3. Membrane system

4. Other components II. Types of muscle fiber

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. & II. Types of muscle fiber

III. Mechanism of contraction

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

III. Mechanism of contraction

IV Regeneration

D

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D

ept IV. Regeneration

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I. Cardiac MuscleI. Cardiac Muscle FibersSh b h d ll

y.y.

Shape: branched cells with cross‐t i ti

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry striation 

Nuclei: 1‐2 centrally

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

located nuclei

Juxtanuclear region

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

Intercalated disk

D

ept

D

ept Intercalated disk

PUM

C

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C

1. Intercalated disk1. Intercalated diskjunctional complex at Z line level

T

y.y.

Transverse componentLatral component

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

D

ept

D

ept

PUM

C

PUM

C

y.y.&

Em

bry

& E

mbr

yat

. His

t. &

at. H

ist.

&. o

f A

na. o

f A

na

Dep

t

Dep

tPU

MC

PU

MC

Intercalated disc in TS view

2. Myofibrils: thinner, branchedy.y.

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

D

ept

D

ept

PUM

C

PUM

C

3 Membrane3. Membrane system

y.y. T tubules: Z disk level

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry T tubules: Z disk level

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

Sarcoplasmic reticulum: less developed

. of

Ana

. of

Ana less developed

D

ept

D

ept

No triad but diad

PUM

C

PUM

C

4 Other components4. Other components

Juxtanuclear region

y.y.

g

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry

More mitochondria

More Lipid droplets

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. & More Lipid droplets

Glycogen

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

Lipofuscin pigment

D

ept

D

ept

Atrial natriuretic factor

PUM

C

PUM

C

Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle1. Cardiac muscle fiber

1 Intercalated disk

y.y.

1. Intercalated disk 2. Myofibrils3 Membrane system

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry 3. Membrane system

4. Other components 

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

2. Types of muscle fiber1. Atrial and ventricular muscle

. of

Ana

. of

Ana 2. Impulse‐generating and conducting system

3. Mechanism of contraction

D

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D

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Same to skeletal muscle, but rhythmically and spontaneouslly

4 Regeneration

PUM

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C 4. Regeneration

T i t R ti P t ti l f th N t lTransient Regenerative Potential of the Neonatal Mouse Heart

y.y.

21 days after apical resection

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

D

ept

D

ept

1-day-old mice 7-day-old mice

PUM

C

PUM

C

(Enzo R. Porrello et al. SCIENCE 2011, 331:1078-1080)

Smooth MuscleSmooth  Muscle

I. Smooth muscle fiber 

y.y.

1. Myofilament unit

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry 2. Caveolae

3. Other components

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. & 3. Other components

II. Regulation

. of

Ana

. of

Ana III. Regeneration

D

ept

D

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PUM

C

PUM

C

I S h lI. Smooth muscle fibers 

y.y.

Shape: nonstriated fusiform cells, φ 

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry , φ

8um * 20‐500um

Nuclei: single centrally

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. & Nuclei: single centrally

located nucleus

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

D

ept

D

ept

PUM

C

PUM

C

h lI. Smooth muscle fibers 

y.y.

Shape: nonstriated fusiform cells, φ 

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry , φ

8um * 20‐500um

Nuclei: single centrally

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. & Nuclei: single centrally

located nucleus

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

D

ept

D

ept

PUM

C

PUM

C

h lI. Smooth muscle fibers 

y.y.

Shape: nonstriated fusiform cells, φ 

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry us o ce s, φ

8um * 20‐500um

Nuclei: single centrally

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. & Nuclei: single centrally

located nucleus

Sarcoplasm

. of

Ana

. of

Ana Sarcoplasm: 

myofilament unit, caveolae

D

ept

D

ept caveolae, 

other components

PUM

C

PUM

C

1. Myofilament unitsya. Thin myofilaments: 

actin, tropomyosin

y.y.

actin, tropomyosin

b. Thick myofilaments: myosin

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry myosin

c. Intermediate filaments:  d i i ti

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. & desmin, vimentin

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

D

ept

D

ept

PUM

C

PUM

C

Histology a text and atlas Histology a text and atlas MH. Ross MH. Ross LWW. 2011LWW. 2011

1 Myofilament units1. Myofilament unitsDense bodies : 

y.y.

similar to Z line

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

D

ept

D

ept

PUM

C

PUM

C

y.y.&

Em

bry

& E

mbr

yat

. His

t. &

at. H

ist.

&. o

f A

na. o

f A

na

Aguilar H N , and Mitchell B Hum. Aguilar H N , and Mitchell B Hum. ReprodReprod. Update . Update 2010;16:7252010;16:725--744744

D

ept

D

ept

PUM

C

PUM

C

2. Caveolae and rudimentary SR3. Other components 

y.y.

in nucleus area: mitochondria, polyribosomes, 

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry , p y ,

RER, Golgi complex , glycogen granules et al. 

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

. of

Ana

. of

Ana Collagen, elastin and 

proteoglycans synthesis

D

ept

D

ept p g y y

PUM

C

PUM

C

III. RegulationgAutonomic nervous system, including 

sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

y.y.

sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

Hormone regulaion

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry IV. Regeneration

mitosis

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

. of

Ana

. of

Ana

D

ept

D

ept

PUM

C

PUM

C

SummarySk l t l C di S thSkeletal Cardiac Smooth

Location

Morphology

y.y.

shape

striation

l

& E

mbr

y&

Em

bry nucleus

myofibrils

T tubules

at. H

ist.

&at

. His

t. &

sarcoplasmic reticulum

cell-cell junctions

. of

Ana

. of

Ana other components

Function

type of innervation

D

ept

D

ept yp

type of contraction

Growth and regeneration

PUM

C

PUM

C mitosis

regeneration