T 35813 C E J O R P M L N O I T I T E P M O C

32
COMPETITION- L M PROJECT 35813

Transcript of T 35813 C E J O R P M L N O I T I T E P M O C

CO

MP

ETI

TIO

N- L

M P

RO

JEC

T35

813

CO

NTE

NTS

- PR

OJE

CT

CO

NC

EP

T

- CO

MP

ETI

TIO

N B

OA

RD

S

- EN

ER

GY

FRA

ME

RE

PO

RT

- PR

OG

RA

M A

RE

A S

UM

MA

RY

D

ue to

the

site

geo

met

ry, t

hese

brid

ges

mee

t at a

n an

gle,

join

ing

like

a ha

ndsh

ake

over

the

harb

or. T

he s

offi t

s be

low

the

brid

ges

and

unde

r

the

cant

ileve

rs p

ick

up th

e br

ight

col

ors

of th

e ha

rbor

: con

tain

er o

rang

e on

the

unde

rsid

es o

f the

Lan

genl

inie

, brig

ht y

ello

w o

n th

e un

ders

ides

of t

he

Mar

mom

olen

. At n

ight

the

uplig

hts

was

hing

the

colo

red

alum

inum

refl e

ct li

ke

pain

tings

in th

e w

ater

. Bot

h to

wer

s ha

ve h

igh

perfo

rman

ce g

lass

cur

tain

wal

ls

with

a v

eil o

f sol

ar s

cree

n m

ade

of p

hoto

volta

ics;

col

lect

ing

the

sun’

s en

ergy

whi

le s

hadi

ng. T

hey

are

conn

ecte

d to

a s

eaw

ater

hea

ting/

cool

ing

syst

em

with

radi

ant h

eatin

g in

the

fl oor

sla

bs a

nd ra

dian

t coo

ling

in th

e ce

iling

.

Nat

ural

ven

tilat

ion

is p

rovi

ded

on e

very

fl oo

r with

win

dow

s op

enin

g at

the

fl oor

leve

l and

cei

ling

leve

l for

max

imum

air

circ

ulat

ion.

Opt

imum

nat

ural

light

is p

rovi

ded

to a

ll of

fi ces

due

to th

e re

fl ect

ive

light

per

form

ance

of t

he

scre

ens.

Win

d tu

rbin

es li

ne th

e to

p of

the

pede

stria

n br

idge

roof

; pro

vidi

ng

all e

lect

ricity

for l

ight

ing

the

publ

ic s

pace

s (s

ome

of th

ese

are

in th

e fo

rm o

f

win

ter g

arde

ns c

ut rh

ythm

ical

ly in

to th

e to

wer

faca

des.

) Due

to w

ind

pow

er,

this

invi

ting

harb

or fr

ont g

atew

ay is

alw

ays

glow

ing.

A

dram

atic

har

bor e

ntra

nce

to th

e gr

eat c

ity o

f

Cop

enha

gen,

our

con

cept

is fo

r tw

o to

wer

s ca

rryi

ng

two

brid

ges

con

nect

ing

back

to th

e un

ique

asp

ects

of

the

site

’s h

isto

ry.

The

hist

ory

of th

e La

ngen

linie

site

, a

berth

for o

cean

shi

ps fo

r dec

ades

, is

expr

esse

d in

the

Lang

enlin

ie to

wer

, whi

le th

e M

arm

omol

en to

wer

con

nect

s

back

to th

e C

ity.

The

Lan

genl

inie

tow

er g

eom

etry

is ta

ken

from

the

site

’s s

hape

. A p

row

-like

pub

lic d

eck

thru

sts

out

to th

e se

a ho

rizon

. Thi

s de

ck is

the

leve

l of p

ublic

ent

ry

to th

e br

idge

ele

vato

rs a

nd h

as p

ublic

am

eniti

es s

uch

as

cafe

s an

d ga

llerie

s. I

t can

be

reac

hed

by a

wid

e pu

blic

stai

r as

wel

l as

esca

lato

rs. T

he M

arm

omol

en to

wer

has

a

roof

terr

ace

thru

st o

ut to

war

d th

e ci

ty h

oriz

on w

ith a

pub

lic

audi

toriu

m b

elow

. It c

an a

lso

be re

ache

d by

esc

alat

ors

and

is a

djac

ent t

o th

e pu

blic

brid

ge e

leva

tor l

obby

. E

ach

tow

er c

arrie

s its

ow

n ca

ble-

stay

brid

ge.

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roje

ct, C

open

hage

n

Ener

gy u

se

The

conc

ept f

or th

e LM

-pro

ject

des

ign

com

petit

ion

has s

usta

inab

ility

at i

ts c

ore.

The

ene

rgy

savi

ng

solu

tions

inco

rpor

ated

are

not

onl

y na

tura

l, in

tegr

ated

ele

men

ts o

f the

bui

ldin

gs b

ut th

ey a

lso

fund

amen

tally

def

ine

the

arch

itect

ural

con

cept

.

The

sust

aina

ble

solu

tions

inte

grat

ed in

to th

e cu

rren

t pro

posa

l can

be

sum

mar

ized

as f

ollo

ws:

An

indi

rect

seaw

ater

coo

ling

syst

em c

ombi

ned

with

ther

mal

ly a

ctiv

e co

nstru

ctio

n el

emen

ts

whi

ch fu

lly u

tiliz

es th

e sp

ecia

l har

bour

site

. Tr

iple

func

tion

build

ing

scre

en w

hich

shad

es d

urin

g th

e su

mm

er m

onth

s, al

low

s war

mth

th

roug

h fr

om th

e lo

w-ly

ing

sun

durin

g th

e w

inte

r and

als

o pr

ovid

es th

e pl

anne

d su

rfac

e ar

ea

for t

hin

film

sola

r cel

ls.

Win

d tu

rbin

es a

re to

be

posi

tione

d on

the

roof

of t

he c

onne

ctin

g br

idge

s and

tow

ers,

taki

ng

full

adva

ntag

e of

the

uniq

ue h

eigh

t of t

he p

ropo

sal i

n re

latio

n to

the

surr

ound

ing

envi

ronm

ent.

O

ptim

ised

ther

mal

env

elop

e w

ith re

gard

s to

orie

ntat

ion

of g

laze

d ar

eas,

insu

latio

n va

lues

an

d th

e el

imin

atio

n of

ther

mal

brid

ging

. H

ybrid

ven

tilat

ion

syst

em c

ombi

ning

the

full

bene

fits o

f bot

h a

natu

ral v

entil

atio

n sy

stem

an

d a

high

ly e

ffic

ient

mec

hani

cal s

yste

m w

ith h

eat r

ecov

ery.

The

aim

for t

he c

once

pt w

as to

go

beyo

nd th

e bu

ildin

g re

gula

tions

and

cre

ate

beau

tiful

, fun

ctio

nal

build

ings

whi

ch st

and

as th

e ha

rbou

r ent

ranc

e an

d si

gnal

inte

grat

ed, s

usta

inab

le, l

ow e

nerg

y de

sign

. Th

e su

stai

nabl

e co

ncep

ts w

ere

not i

nteg

rate

d in

to th

e pr

ojec

t to

mee

t a d

efin

ed d

eman

d bu

t hav

e be

en w

orke

d in

as n

atur

al e

lem

ents

of t

he p

roje

ct.

The

com

petit

ion

brie

f sta

tes t

hat t

he c

once

pt is

to b

e ca

lcul

ated

for e

nerg

y us

e us

ing

the

curr

ent

softw

are

requ

ired

by th

e bu

ildin

g re

gula

tions

. The

cur

rent

pro

gram

in u

se fo

r cal

cula

ting

this

ene

rgy

fram

e is

BE0

6. T

he fo

llow

ing

is a

des

crip

tion

with

resu

lts a

nd c

oncl

usio

ns fr

om th

is c

alcu

latio

n.

Prec

ondi

tions

for t

he e

nerg

y fr

ame

calc

ulat

ion

Ther

mal

env

elop

e U

-val

ue fo

r ext

erna

l ins

ulat

ed w

all s

ectio

ns is

0.2

[W/(m

²K)]

. W

indo

ws a

re tw

o-la

yer t

herm

al w

ith c

lear

gla

ss g

ivin

g a

tota

l U-v

alue

of 1

.5 a

nd a

sola

r tra

nsm

ittan

ce o

f 63

%. L

ight

tran

smitt

ance

shou

ld b

e ab

out 7

8 %

G

lass

are

as a

re a

ppro

x. 8

0 %

for n

orth

faci

ng fa

cade

s and

40

% fo

r the

rem

aini

ng.

Scre

ens a

roun

d th

e bu

ildin

g ar

e de

fined

as s

hado

w a

ngle

s. Th

e ve

rtica

l pos

ts a

re d

iffic

ult t

o de

fine

in th

e so

ftwar

e pr

ogra

m. T

hey

have

, how

ever

, a p

ositi

ve e

ffec

t on

the

resu

lt an

d th

ey

can

ther

efor

e be

left

out.

The

L-To

wer

par

king

are

a ha

s bee

n ca

lcul

ated

as h

eate

d sp

ace.

Thi

s giv

es a

mor

e co

mpa

ct

build

ing.

Mec

hani

cal s

yste

ms

Two

varia

nts o

f the

cal

cula

tion

have

bee

n m

ade

conc

erni

ng v

entil

atio

n:

1.Fu

ll na

tura

l ven

tilat

ion

2.H

ybrid

ven

tilat

ion

with

mec

hani

cal i

n th

e w

inte

r and

nat

ural

in th

e su

mm

er

Bel

ow a

re sc

reen

shot

s fro

m th

e ca

lcul

atio

n of

the

M-T

ower

show

ing

the

key

resu

lts fo

r a so

lutio

n w

ith n

atur

al v

entil

atio

n:

A so

lutio

n w

ith n

atur

al v

entil

atio

n is

goo

d an

d m

eets

the

dem

ands

of l

ow e

nerg

y cl

ass 2

(LEC

2)

whi

ch is

36

% m

ore

effic

ient

than

the

stan

dard

requ

irem

ent f

rom

the

build

ing

regu

latio

ns.

The

wal

kway

is tr

eate

d as

unh

eate

d sp

ace

and

ther

efor

e th

e tw

o to

wer

s hav

e be

en c

alcu

late

d as

sepa

rate

bui

ldin

gs.

M T

OW

ER

FA

CA

DE

WA

LL S

EC

TIO

NM

TO

WE

R F

AC

AD

E W

ALL

SE

CTI

ON

L TO

WE

R F

AC

AD

E W

ALL

SE

CTI

ON

L TO

WE

R F

AC

AD

E W

ALL

SE

CTI

ON

A h

ybrid

solu

tion

with

full

mec

hani

cal v

entil

atio

n in

the

win

ter a

nd fu

ll na

tura

l ven

tilat

ion

in th

e su

mm

er d

ecre

ases

ene

rgy

cons

umpt

ion

with

17

%. T

he re

ason

for t

his i

s tha

t hea

t ene

rgy

from

ex

haus

t air

is re

cove

red

in th

e w

inte

r usi

ng th

e m

echa

nica

l sys

tem

and

ele

ctric

al p

ower

for f

ans i

s sa

ved

durin

g th

e su

mm

er w

here

the

natu

ral v

entil

atio

n sy

stem

is u

sed.

The

mec

hani

cal s

yste

m c

an

be d

esig

ned

for m

inim

um fr

esh

air v

olum

es a

s the

air

rate

is u

sed

for v

entil

atio

n al

one

and

not f

or

cool

ing

purp

oses

.

Ligh

ting

in th

e bu

ildin

g is

def

ined

as a

stan

dard

syst

em b

ut w

ith a

ver

y lo

w st

and

by p

ower

co

nsum

ptio

n. T

he th

in se

ctio

n bu

ildin

gs a

re d

esig

ned

to o

ptim

ize

dayl

ight

ing

use

for o

ffic

e sp

aces

. It

is p

lann

ed th

at th

e ar

tific

ial l

ight

ing

syst

em w

ill b

e eq

uipp

ed w

ith se

nsor

s tha

t allo

w it

to re

spon

d to

day

light

ing

avai

labi

lity.

Mec

hani

cal c

oolin

g is

def

ined

as s

ea w

ater

coo

ling

with

a C

OP

(coe

ffic

ient

of p

erfo

rman

ce) a

s hig

h as

15.

A st

anda

rd m

echa

nica

l coo

ling

syst

em u

sual

ly h

as a

CO

P cl

ose

to 4

. A se

a w

ater

coo

ling

syst

em w

ill u

se a

ppro

xim

atel

y 20

% o

f the

ene

rgy

cons

umed

by

a m

echa

nica

l sys

tem

. The

coo

ling

syst

em w

ill b

e co

mbi

ned

with

radi

ant c

eilin

gs w

hich

use

rela

tivel

y hi

gh w

ater

tem

pera

ture

s to

achi

eve

the

requ

ired

cool

ing

effe

ct. T

he th

erm

ally

act

ive

radi

ant c

eilin

g w

ill a

lso

be u

sed

for

heat

ing

and

this

com

bine

d w

ith th

e m

echa

nica

l ven

tilat

ion

syst

em, w

ill la

rgel

y el

imin

ate

the

need

fo

r a tr

aditi

onal

radi

ator

syst

em.

Dis

trict

hea

ting

and

hot w

ater

pro

duct

ion

are

calc

ulat

ed a

s opt

imis

ed st

anda

rd so

lutio

ns w

hich

are

ve

ry e

ffec

tivel

y in

sula

ted.

Sola

r cel

ls a

re d

efin

ed to

hav

e an

are

a of

120

0 m

² for

eac

h to

wer

. The

eff

icie

ncy

is c

alcu

late

d at

20

% w

hich

is th

e m

axim

um e

ffic

ienc

y fr

om so

lar c

ells

at p

rese

nt. W

ho k

now

s wha

t will

hap

pen

in

year

s to

com

e?

Bel

ow is

a sc

reen

shot

from

the

calc

ulat

ion

of th

e L-

Tow

er sh

owin

g th

e ke

y re

sults

:

The

ener

gy c

onsu

mpt

ion

here

is h

ighe

r tha

n fo

r the

M-T

ower

. The

re a

re tw

o m

ain

reas

ons f

or th

is:

Firs

tly, t

here

is a

hig

her t

herm

al e

nvel

ope

surf

ace

to fl

oor r

atio

. The

surf

ace

of th

e th

erm

al e

nvel

ope

is 1

5 %

larg

er o

n th

e L-

Tow

er. S

econ

d, th

e an

gle

of th

e so

lar c

ells

to th

e su

n is

50

° off

sout

h. O

n th

e M

-Tow

er th

is a

ngle

is o

nly

10 °.

Thi

s diff

eren

ce c

ause

s a re

duct

ion

in e

ffic

ienc

y of

no

less

than

35

%.

The

abov

e ca

lcul

atio

n do

es n

ot ta

ke in

to a

ccou

nt th

e w

ind

turb

ines

whi

ch u

nfor

tuna

tely

can

not b

e ca

lcul

ated

dire

ctly

into

the

BE0

6 so

ftwar

e.

MA

XIM

IZE

D W

IND

PO

WE

R W

ITH

VE

RTI

CA

L TU

RB

INE

LO

CAT

ION

L- T

OW

ER W

IND

TU

RBIN

ES

M- T

OW

ER W

IND

TU

RBIN

ES

L-M

BRI

DG

E W

IND

TU

RBIN

ES

RE

TUR

NP

IPE

SU

PP

LYP

IPE

OP

EN

SE

Aa=

0.1

OP

EN

LA

ND

a=0.

16

0 m

85 %

76 %

58 %

113

m98

m

AT

GR

OU

ND

LE

VE

L,5.

9 m

/s M

EA

N

AT

100

m,

10.4

m/s

ME

AN

80 %

55 %

10

m82

%

90

m86

%

100

m92

%

WIN

D V

ELO

CIT

Y m

/s

HE

IGH

T m

L TO

WE

R

M T

OW

ER

BR

IDG

E

Win

d tu

rbin

e co

ntrib

utio

n Th

e pr

ojec

t inc

lude

s urb

an w

ind

turb

ines

of t

he D

arrie

us ty

pe. T

he d

raw

ings

show

75

turb

ines

in

half

the

size

of t

he o

rigin

al. I

n th

e fo

llow

ing

calc

ulat

ion

we

have

cho

sen

to in

corp

orat

e th

e ou

tput

fr

om th

e or

igin

al si

ze te

sted

by

Qui

etRe

volu

tion

and

divi

de th

e nu

mbe

r of t

urbi

nes b

y tw

o. B

elow

is

the

calc

ulat

ion

of th

e co

ntrib

utio

n fr

om th

ese

win

d tu

rbin

es.

Turb

ine

outp

ut

9000

kW

h/ye

ar

Num

ber o

f tur

bine

s 37

To

tal o

utpu

t 33

3,00

0 kW

h/ye

ar

Mul

tiplic

atio

n fa

ctor

for B

E06

2,

5 P

ower

pla

nt e

quiv

alen

t 83

2,50

0 kW

h /y

ear

App

roxi

mat

e to

tal f

loor

are

a fo

r the

LM

Pro

ject

58

.018

m2

Tota

l sub

tract

ion

from

the

ener

gy fr

ames

14

.349

kW

h/m

2 /yea

r

E

nerg

y fra

me

for t

he M

-Tow

er

95,1

LE

C2

70,1

LE

C1

50,0

C

alcu

late

d en

ergy

con

sum

ptio

n 53

,9

Rev

ised

ene

rgy

cons

umpt

ion

39,6

kW

h/m

2 /yea

r

E

nerg

y fra

me

for t

he L

-Tow

er

95,1

LE

C2

70,0

LE

C1

50,0

C

alcu

late

d en

ergy

con

sum

ptio

n 62

,7

Rev

ised

ene

rgy

cons

umpt

ion

48,4

kW

h/m

2 /yea

r

It sh

ould

als

o be

con

side

red

that

the

win

d tu

rbin

es c

ompl

imen

t the

sola

r cel

ls in

that

they

pro

duce

th

e m

ost e

nerg

y du

ring

the

win

ter m

onth

s. Th

is is

the

time

of y

ear w

hen

the

sola

r cel

ls a

re le

ast

effe

ctiv

e. T

his d

istri

bute

s the

pro

duce

d po

wer

from

the

win

d an

d su

n th

roug

hout

the

year

.

Con

clus

ion

Bot

h to

wer

s mee

t the

requ

irem

ents

for L

EC2

and

the

M-T

ower

is a

ble

to m

eet L

EC1

requ

irem

ents

. B

y ca

lcul

atin

g th

e po

sitiv

e ef

fect

from

the

win

d tu

rbin

es it

is h

owev

er p

ossi

ble

for b

oth

tow

ers t

o m

eet L

EC1

requ

irem

ents

. Thi

s is 4

8 %

low

er th

an th

e bu

ildin

g re

gula

tion

stan

dard

s.

The

inte

grat

ed so

lutio

ns a

re v

ery

natu

ral a

nd e

nhan

ce th

e ar

chite

ctur

e. T

he so

lutio

ns w

ill p

rove

to

be se

nsib

le e

cono

mic

cho

ices

whi

ch w

ill h

ave

a ve

ry p

ositi

ve e

ffec

t for

the

clie

nts o

wn

econ

omy

whe

ther

the

spac

es a

re to

be

rent

ed, s

old

or ru

n by

the

clie

nt h

imse

lf.

The

build

ings

are

ext

rem

ely

ener

gy e

ffic

ient

and

are

at a

leve

l whi

ch w

ill e

nsur

e th

at th

ey c

an m

eet

all t

he fo

rese

eabl

e re

quire

men

ts in

the

near

futu

re a

nd b

eyon

d. A

s Cop

enha

gen

prep

ares

to h

ost t

he

mee

tings

that

will

rew

rite

the

Kyo

to P

roto

col i

n 20

09, t

he p

roje

ct se

eks t

o em

body

the

aspi

ratio

ns

of th

ese

mea

sure

s and

dem

onst

rate

the

21st c

entu

ry p

ossi

bilit

ies o

f sus

tain

able

des

ign.

The

tow

ers

will

stan

d as

exe

mpl

ary

sust

aina

ble

land

mar

ks w

hich

will

serv

e as

a sy

mbo

l for

the

gree

n pr

ofile

w

hich

is fu

ndam

enta

l to

Den

mar

k’s i

nter

natio

nal i

dent

ity

PR

OG

RA

M A

RE

A S

UM

MA

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loor

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