T-117 Q ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN F · 03/12/2003 · Lower Duwamish Waterway Superfund Site: T-117...

Lower Duwamish Waterway Superfund Site Terminal 117 Early Action Area

T-117 QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN FINAL

For submittal to: US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10 1200 Sixth Avenue Seattle, WA 98101

December 3, 2003

Prepared by:

200 West Mercer Street, Suite 401

Seattle, Washington � 98119

Dalton, Olmsted & Fuglevand, Inc.

Environmental Consultants

ONSITE ENTERPRISES, INC.

Lower Duwamish Waterway Superfund Site: T-117 Early Action Area

T-117 QAPP December 3, 2003

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Title and Approval Page:

Terminal 117 Early Action Area Quality Assurance Project Plan

Windward Project Manager

Lisa Saban Date

Windward QA Manager

Tad Deshler Date

EPA Project Manager

Ravi Sanga Date

EPA QA Manager

Gina Grepo-Grove Date



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Distribution List

This list identifies all individuals to receive a copy of the approved QA Project Plan, either in hard copy or electronic format, as well as any subsequent revisions.

Port of Seattle Project Manager: Doug Hotchkiss

EPA Project Manager: Ravi Sanga

EPA QA Officer: Gina Grepo-Grove

Project Manager: Lisa Saban, Windward Environmental

Laboratory Manager: Sue Dunnihoo, Analytical Resources Inc.

QA/QC Manager: Tad Deshler, Windward Environmental

QA/QC Coordinator and Field Coordinator: Joanna Florer, Windward Environmental

Upland Assessment Manager: Warren Hansen, Onsite Enterprises

Project Engineer: Paul Fuglevand, Dalton, Olmstead, and Fuglevand

Port of Seattle Data Manager: Kata Ritenburg



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Table of Contents

DISTRIBUTION LIST III

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES VI

ACRONYMS VII

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

2.0 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 3 2.1 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND TEAM MEMBER RESPONSIBILITIES 3 2.2 PROBLEM DEFINITION/BACKGROUND 6

2.2.1 Problem definition 6 2.2.2 Previous investigations 6

2.3 PROJECT/TASK DESCRIPTION AND SCHEDULE 7 2.3.1 Catch basin chemistry 10 2.3.2 Seep chemistry 10 2.3.3 Soil boring data 10 2.3.4 Sediment data 10 2.3.5 Drainage ditch soil chemistry 11 2.3.6 Groundwater data 11

2.4 QUALITY OBJECTIVES AND CRITERIA FOR CHEMICAL MEASUREMENT DATA 11 2.4.1 Precision 12 2.4.2 Accuracy 13 2.4.3 Representativeness 14 2.4.4 Comparability 14 2.4.5 Completeness 14 2.4.6 Sensitivity 14

2.5 SPECIAL TRAINING REQUIREMENTS/CERTIFICATION 15 2.6 DOCUMENTATION AND RECORDS 15

2.6.1 Field observations 15 2.6.2 Laboratory records 17 2.6.3 Data reduction 21 2.6.4 Data report 21

3.0 DATA GENERATION AND ACQUISITION 26 3.1 SAMPLING DESIGN 26

3.1.1 Catch basin grab samples 28 3.1.2. Seep samples 29 3.1.3 Soil borings/well installation 31 3.1.4 Sediment sampling 32 3.1.5 Drainage ditch 42 3.1.6 Groundwater tidal study and sampling 42



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3.1.7 Shoreline asphalt mapping 43 3.2 SAMPLING METHODS 43

3.2.1 Station and sample identification 44 3.2.2 Field operations and sample collection equipment 45 3.2.3 Sample handling procedures 53 3.2.4 Decontamination procedures 55 3.2.5 Field-generated waste disposal 55

3.3 SAMPLE HANDLING AND CUSTODY 56 3.3.1 Sample custody procedures 56 3.3.2 Shipping requirements and receipt 57

3.4 ANALYTICAL METHODS REQUIREMENTS 57 3.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL 58

3.5.1 Field quality control criteria 58 3.5.2 Chemical analyses 59

3.6 INSTRUMENT/EQUIPMENT TESTING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE

REQUIREMENTS 61 3.7 INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION AND FREQUENCY 61 3.8 INSPECTION/ACCEPTANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR SUPPLIES AND CONSUMABLES 62 3.9 DATA MANAGEMENT 62

4.0 ASSESSMENT AND OVERSIGHT 63 4.1 COMPLIANCE ASSESSMENTS AND RESPONSE ACTIONS 63

4.1.1 Compliance assessments 63 4.1.2 Response actions for field sampling 63 4.1.3 Corrective action for laboratory analyses 63

4.2 REPORTS TO MANAGEMENT 63

5.0 DATA VALIDATION AND USABILITY 64 5.1 DATA REVIEW, VALIDATION, AND VERIFICATION REQUIREMENTS 64 5.2 VALIDATION AND VERIFICATION METHODS 64 5.3 RECONCILIATION WITH DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES 65

6.0 REFERENCES 65

DATA COLLECTION FORMS 68 FORM 1. SURFACE SEDIMENT AND SOIL COLLECTION FORM 69 FORM 2. SEDIMENT CORE COLLECTION FORM 70 FORM 3. SEEP COLLECTION FORM 71 FORM 4. GROUNDWATER COLLECTION FORM 72 FORM 5. SOIL CORE LOG 73 FORM 6. BORING AND WELL LOG 74 FORM 7. SAMPLE ALTERATION FORM 75 FORM 8. CORRECTIVE ACTION FORM 76

SITE PHOTOGRAPHS 77



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ATTACHMENT 1: HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN

List of Tables and Figures

Figure 2-1. Project organization and team responsibilities 3 Figure 2-2. Terminal 117 historical and proposed surface sediment sampling locations 8 Table 2-1. Summary of data quality indicators 12 Table 2-2. Example of acceptable organization of electronic deliverable for analytical

chemistry 20 Table 2-3. Sediment Management Standards 22 Table 2-4. Ambient water quality criteria for analytes of interest 24 Table 3-1. Catch basin locations 29 Figure 3-1. Terminal 117 proposed sampling locations 30 Table 3-2. Seep sampling locations 31 Table 3-3. Soil boring locations 32 Figure 3-2. Terminal 117 new sediment sampling locations (detailed view) 33 Figure 3-3. T-117 cross section of conceptual offshore subsurface sampling area 36 Table 3-4. Sediment locations and rationale 38 Table 3-5. Drainage ditch locations 42 Table 3-6. Well locations 43 Table 3-7. Sample volume required and storage containers for sediment and soil 54 Table 3-8. Sample volume required and storage containers for water 54 Table 3-9. Laboratory quality control sample analysis summary 60 Site photo 1. Alongshore looking north 79 Site photo 2. Alongshore looking south 79 Site photo 3. Intertidal zone 80



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Acronyms Acronym Definition

%RSD percent relative standard deviation

ARI Analytical Resources, Inc.

AWQC EPA’s Ambient Water Quality Criteria

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (Superfund)

COC chain of custody

CSL Cleanup Screening Level

DGPS differential global positioning system

DOF Dalton, Olmstead, and Fuglevand, Inc.

DQI data quality indicator

DQO data quality objective

EAA early action area

Ecology Washington State Department of Ecology

EPA US Environmental Protection Agency

FC field coordinator

FS feasibility study

GPS global positioning system

HSP health and safety plan

LDW Lower Duwamish Waterway

LDWG Lower Duwamish Waterway Group

MDL method detection limit

MLLW mean lower low water

MTCA Washington State Model Toxics Control Act

PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

PCB polychlorinated biphenyl

Port Port of Seattle

PSEP Puget Sound Estuary Program

Onsite Onsite Enterprises, Inc

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration

QA/QC quality assurance/quality control

QAPP quality assurance project plan

RI remedial investigation

RM river mile

RPD relative percent difference

SDG sample delivery group



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Acronym Definition

SMS Washington State Sediment Management Standards

SOW statement of work

SPT Standard Penetration Test

SQS Sediment Quality Standards

SVOC semi-volatile organic compound

T-117 Terminal 117

TBT Tributyltin

TOC total organic carbon

USACE US Army Corps of Engineers

VOC volatile organic compound

WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System

Windward Windward Environmental LLC



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1.0 Introduction

This quality assurance project plan (QAPP) establishes the quality assurance (QA) objectives for collection of additional data to fill critical data gaps identified during Task 1a (Windward et al. 2003a) at the Terminal 117 (T-117) Early Action Area (EAA) investigation. The methods and QA procedures described here will be followed by the Port of Seattle and its contractors during various data collection activities beginning in fall 2003.

The purpose of this QAPP is to present a plan for conducting field activities at T-117 to ensure that sample collection and analytical activities are conducted in accordance with technically acceptable protocols and that data meet data quality objectives. The QAPP will address project management responsibilities; sampling and analytical procedures; assessment and oversight; and data reduction, validation, assessment, and reporting.

The Phase 1 Remedial Investigation (RI) (Windward 2003a) identified areas within the Lower Duwamish Waterway (LDW) site that might be candidates for early cleanup action because of their relatively higher levels of risks. Windward (2003b) prepared a technical memorandum that recommended seven areas to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) for early remedial action. The T-117 EAA was one area recommended for a non-time-critical removal action.

PCBs have been identified as the primary risk driver for the remediation action at the T-117 shoreline (Windward et al. 2003a; Windward 2003b). This investigation will predominantly characterize the nature and extent of PCBs in the T-117 EAA to determine the remediation boundary needed to reduce the risks associated with PCBs in LDW sediment. Geotechnical information from upland soil borings and offshore sediment cores will also be obtained.

The Port will be conducting the field sampling through multiple field efforts. This work will be completed such that the schedule in the final T-117 Work plan (Windward et al. 2003b) for Investigation Tasks will be met.

In the onshore, upland area, the Port will perform geotechnical work in the bank for information necessary to rebuild the bank, and will install new wells along the bank to implement a tidal study of the groundwater to estimate the amount of tidal fluctuation in groundwater. Full-suite SMS source control sampling will occur to determine the potential for sediment recontamination. This sampling will be done at the seeps, catch basins, and storm drainage points in the nearshore sediments. Seep water and adjacent sediment will be sampled at all seeps and storm drainage points. Soil samples will be sampled in all catch basins and the southern drainage ditch.

In the offshore area (i.e., sediments), the Port will conduct surface and subsurface sampling for PCBs to delineate the preliminary boundary of the EAA.



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Following review of results from the initial field effort, additional field effort(s) will be initiated to accomplish the following:

1) Further define the extent of PCB contamination (surface and subsurface) if uncertainties remain that effect project design.

2) Further define the preliminary removal boundary for other constituents as necessary. Once the preliminary removal boundary for PCBs has been defined, the Port will collect a limited set of surface sediment samples and/or potentially analyze achieved samples to the north, south, and east of the preliminary PCB removal boundary, for the full suite of SMS analytes. The full suite sample on the northern boundary will include bulk TBT. These data may be used to modify the removal boundary to accomplish further risk reduction.

3) Characterize sources of recontamination to sediments of the T-117 EAA. It is understood that if a significant recontamination issue is found, its source will have to be delineated and addressed before moving forward with any removal action. In the broader context of source control, it is also understood that Ecology will develop an action plan for the T-117 EAA according to the Lower Duwamish Source Control Strategy. Data generated from the field studies identified in this QAPP will be provided to Ecology.

After the conclusion of these field studies and analyses, the EAA boundary will be set. If the samples collected outside of the boundary (as defined in #2 above) result in modification of the boundary, then additional samples will be collected outside the modified boundary for use in the ongoing LDW RI studies and will be analyzed for the full suite of SMS analytes (and bulk TBT if the additional samples are collected with in the marina). Further analysis of contaminants may be undertaken if necessary for the design of the removal action.

This T-117 additional data collection QAPP is organized into the following sections:

◆ Section 2 – Project management

◆ Section 3 – Data generation and acquisition

◆ Section 4 – Assessment and oversight

◆ Section 5 – Data validation and usability

◆ Section 6 – References

A Health and Safety Plan (HSP) designed to protect on-site personnel and area residents from physical, chemical, and other hazards posed by the field sampling effort is included as Attachment 1.

The QAPP was prepared following EPA guidance, specifically Guidance for Quality Assurance/Project Plans (EPA 2002a). Analytical quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures were also developed based on the analytical protocols of the Puget Sound Estuary Program (PSEP 1986; 1997a,b,c) and the EPA (1999 and 2002b) Contract Laboratory Program.



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2.0 Project Management

2.1 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND TEAM MEMBER RESPONSIBILITIES

Figure 2-1 shows the overall project organization for additional data collection at T-117 and the individuals responsible for sample collection and analysis tasks. Responsibilities of these team members, as well as laboratory project managers, are described in the following sections.

Figure 2-1. Project organization and team responsibi lities

Doug Hotchkiss will serve as the Project Manager for the Port of Seattle (Port) for this project. Lisa Saban of Windward Environmental LLC will serve as the T-117 Project Manager, representing the Port. She will be responsible for overall project coordination, planning, and coordination; production of work plans; producing all project deliverables; and performing the administrative tasks needed to ensure timely and successful completion of the project. Ravi Sanga will serve as the EPA Project Manager. The Project Managers will be involved in all aspects of the project, including reviewing and approving the QAPP and interpreting the results of the investigation.

Joanna Florer will be the Windward Field Coordinator (FC). The FC is responsible for managing day-to-day aquatic sampling and general field and QA/QC oversight. She will ensure that appropriate protocols for sample collection, preservation, and holding



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times are observed and oversee delivery of environmental samples to the designated laboratories for chemical and physical analyses.

Tad Deshler of Windward will oversee QA/QC for the project. As the QA/QC manager, he will provide oversight for both the field sampling and laboratory programs, and supervise data validation and project QA coordination. Joanna Florer will serve as Windward’s QA/QC coordinator. The QA/QC coordinator will ensure that samples are collected and documented appropriately and coordinate with the analytical laboratories to ensure that QAPP requirements are followed. Independent third-party data review and validation will be provided by Cari Sayler of Sayler Data Solutions.

Warren Hansen of Onsite Enterprises, Inc. (Onsite) will serve as the Upland Assessment Manager and will provide technical oversight of upland pathway sampling, including catch basin and drainage ditch soil sampling, groundwater monitoring well sampling, and piezometric studies wells, and shoreline seeps. Mr. Hansen will work with Erik Lottsfeldt of the Port to perform the upland sampling activities. He will also assist Mr. Fuglevand in the receipt and logging of upland soil core samples prior to laboratory analysis

Paul Fuglevand of Dalton, Olmstead, and Fuglevand, Inc. (DOF) will serve as Project Engineer, providing technical oversight of the soil boring and sediment coring work. A DOF staff member will provide the on-site field coordination of the boring, well installation and development, and core collection and processing. The cores will be processed at the ARI laboratory.

Analytical Resources, Inc. (ARI) of Seattle will perform chemical and physical analyses of the soil, sediment, and water (seep and groundwater) samples. Sue Dunnihoo will be ARI’s Laboratory QA Coordinator for chemistry analysis; Harold Benny will be the Laboratory QA Coordinator for physical testing.

The analytical testing laboratories will be responsible for the following:

◆ Perform the methods referenced for each analytical procedure in this QAPP

◆ Follow documentation, custody, and sample logbook procedures

◆ Implement QA/QC procedures required by PSEP (1986; 1997a,b,c) guidelines

◆ Meet all reporting requirements

◆ Deliver electronic data files as specified in this QAPP

◆ Meet turnaround times for deliverables as described in this QAPP

◆ Allow EPA and the QA/QC contractor to perform laboratory and data audits



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Project personnel can be reached as follows:

Doug Hotchkiss Port of Seattle Project Manager 2711 Alaskan Way Seattle, WA 98121 Telephone: 206.728.3192 Facsimile: 206.728.3188 E-mail: [email protected]

Ravi Sanga EPA Project Manager 1200 Sixth Ave., ECL-111 Seattle, WA 98101 Telephone: 206.553.4092 Facsimile: 206.553.0124 Email: [email protected]

Lisa Saban Project Manager Windward Environmental LLC 200 W. Mercer St., Suite 401 Seattle, WA 98119 Telephone: 206.577.1288 Facsimile: 206.217.0089 E-mail: [email protected]

Joanna Florer Field and QA/QC Coordinator Windward Environmental LLC 200 W. Mercer St., Suite 401 Seattle, WA 98119 Telephone: 206.577.1294 Facsimile: 206.217.0089 Email: [email protected]

Tad Deshler QA/QC Manager Windward Environmental LLC 200 W. Mercer St., Suite 401 Seattle, WA 98119 Telephone: 206.577.1285 Facsimile: 206.217.0089 E-mail: [email protected]

Warren Hansen Upland Assessment Manager Onsite Enterprises, Inc 5756 NW Lac Leman Drive Issaquah WA 98027 Telephone: 425. 746-2424 Facsimile: 425. 746-2424 E-mail: [email protected]

Paul Fuglevand Project Engineer Dalton, Olmstead, and Fuglevand 10827 NE 68th Street Kirkland, WA 98033 Telephone: 425.827.4588 Facsimile: 425.739.9885 Mobile: 206.660.3079 E-mail: [email protected]

Sue Dunnihoo and Harold Benny Laboratory QA Coordinators ARI 4611 S. 134th Place, Suite 100 Tukwila, WA 98168 Telephone: 206.389.6156 Facsimile: 206.621.7523 E-mail: [email protected]

Kata Ritenburg Port of Seattle Data Manager 2711 Alaskan Way Seattle, WA 98121 Telephone: 206.728.3191 Facsimile: 206.728. 3188 E-mail: [email protected]



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2.2 PROBLEM DEFINITION/BACKGROUND

2.2.1 Problem definition

The T-117 shoreline area has been identified as an EAA of the LDW Superfund site. The LDW site was added to the EPA’s National Priorities List (the national list of sites for the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, or CERCLA, also known as Superfund) on September 13, 2001. The Phase 1 RI for the LDW (Windward 2003a) was a summary of current LDW conditions based on previous studies. One of the primary objectives of the Phase 1 RI was to identify areas within the LDW site that might be candidates for early cleanup action because of their potential for higher levels of risks. Windward (2003b) prepared a technical memorandum that recommended seven areas to EPA and Ecology for early remediation action. The T-117 EAA, located at approximately River Mile (RM) 3.6 on the west side of the waterway, was one of the seven recommended areas.

EPA (2003) prepared a draft statement of work (SOW) for the T-117 EAA that included ten tasks. A work plan was written to describe the technical approach for the following four tasks that EPA directed the Lower Duwamish Waterway Group (LDWG) to perform as post-Phase 1 work under the existing, joint EPA/Ecology Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) for the LDW site:

◆ Summary of existing information and data gaps analysis report and QAPP (Task 1)

◆ Cruise and data report (Task 2)

◆ Technical memorandum on proposed boundaries of the removal action (Task 3)

◆ Community involvement (Task 10)

The Port and the City of Seattle, as two members of LDWG, agreed to conduct the investigation tasks described above. They proposed dividing Task 1 into two subtasks with two separate deliverables. The first deliverable, Task 1a, Summary of Existing Information and Data Gaps Analysis Report (Windward et al. 2003a), was finalized in October 2003. This QAPP, Task 1b, details field activities to ensure that sample collection and analytical activities are conducted in accordance with technically acceptable protocols and that data meet data quality objectives.

The primary focus of this investigation is to fill data gaps identified in the Summary of Existing Information and Data Gaps Analysis Report (Windward et al. 2003a). Data will be collected primarily to determine nature and extent of PCB contamination, assist engineering remediation design, and determine source control measures.

2.2.2 Previous investigations

The Phase 1 RI for the LDW (Windward 2003a) and the Data Gaps Analysis Report (Windward et al. 2003a) established that PCBs are the primary chemical of potential concern for the source control and remediation action at the T-117 EAA.



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Historic cleanup activities on the adjacent Malarkey/T-117 upland consisted of removal of PCB-impacted soil in the “roadway” parcel inland of the bank down to a depth of 3-5 ft, and then backfilling with clean soil, and paving the surface with asphalt concrete. The PCB soil removal criterion for the upland removal action conducted in 1999 in the T-117 “roadway” parcel was 25 mg/kg (Windward et al. 2003a). Soil with PCB concentrations generally below the removal criterion, ranging from 0.7 (reporting limit = 0.5 mg/kg) to 22.2 mg/kg, is still present at depth beneath the pavement in the upland parcel, with two outliers at isolated locations. For removal cell F4, the mobile laboratory result was 22.2 mg/kg, but the confirmatory laboratory result was 34 mg/kg. The second outlier was detected in an isolated area on the west side of B4 cell where elevated PCBs concentrations extended below the feasible depth of excavation. The mobile laboratory result was 50 mg/kg, but the confirmatory laboratory result was 4 mg/kg. The east side of B4 cell, closest to the river, had much lower concentrations (7.18 mg/kg). Figure 4-9 in the Data Summary Report (Windward et al. 2003a), shows the locations and results of the 22 soil removal cells.

Historical surface sediment samples collected from the T-117 EAA and vicinity exceed SMS SQS and CSL criteria primarily for PCBs. One phenol sample was also found exceeding the SQS and CSL in the T-117 EAA. In sediment to the south of T-117, hexachlorobenzene and mercury (further south of the site) exceeded SQS. Figure 2-2 presents the locations and results of the historical samples.

2.3 PROJECT/TASK DESCRIPTION AND SCHEDULE

This QAPP provides guidance for conducting the field investigation to fill data gaps identified in the Summary of Existing Information and Data Gaps Analysis Report (Windward et al. 2003a). The sample design assumes that remediation will trigger the need to rebuild major portions of the existing steep riprap/debris-covered bank along the center and south ends of the property. This is due to the poor state of repair of the existing bank, the extensive asphalt product flows and debris in the bank, and the known levels of PCBs capped in place in the area near the bank during the CERCLA cleanup of the upland property. Geotechnical stability is critical for keeping these soils in place and out of the sediments.

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±Figure 2-2. Terminal 117 new sediment sampling locations, historic PCB results and other SMS exceedances

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248 Total PCBs 840 mg/kg OC 12 65249 Total PCBs 82 mg/kg OC 12 65301 Total PCBs 410 mg/kg OC 12 65772 Total PCBs 6.9 mg/kg OC 12 65773 Total PCBs 380 mg/kg OC 12 65

Phenol 2100 µg/kg, dry wt. 420 1200774 Total PCBs 30 mg/kg OC 12 65775 Total PCBs 6.5 mg/kg OC 12 65

Phenol 430 µg/kg, dry wt. 420 1200892 Total PCBs 210 mg/kg OC 12 65893 Total PCBs 15 mg/kg OC 12 65894 Total PCBs 20 mg/kg OC 12 65895 Total PCBs 15 mg/kg OC 12 65

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Since PCBs have been established as the primary chemical of potential concern, this investigation will focus primarily on PCBs. The full suite of SMS analytes (a complete list of these can be found in Table 2-3, below) will also be analyzed at selected locations for source control evaluation. The sampling design allows for multiple phases, if additional information is needed. The first phase will address the priority data gaps identified by Windward et al. (2003a). The following six priority data gap areas were identified in the review of the existing information to meet environmental, engineering, and source control needs for Phase 1:

◆ Catch basin soil chemistry

◆ Seep chemistry

◆ Soil boring chemistry and physical properties

◆ Sediment chemistry: subsurface (0-10 ft) and surface (0-10 cm)

◆ Drainage ditch soil chemistry

◆ Groundwater chemistry

Additional data may be gathered in subsequent phases depending on the analyses of samples collected to fill these priority data gaps. Additional data collection tasks that may be undertaken include, but are not limited to:

◆ Sampling additional catch basins

◆ Analyzing for additional seep and groundwater analytes as indicated by sediment analyses

◆ Sediment sampling outside the identified PCB “boundary” to check for additional SMS contaminants in areas not likely to be remediated for PCBs

◆ Analysis of archived sediment for additional analytes

◆ Sediment toxicity testing and/or bioavailability studies

◆ Fate and transport

◆ Sampling surface water for dissolved organic carbon

This QAPP only addresses Phase 1 data gaps. Additional QAPP addendums would be prepared for any subsequent phases, if needed.

Field sampling will be initiated following EPA’s approval of this QAPP. Field sampling is anticipated to begin early December 2003. The rationale for the field elements is discussed in detail in Section 3.0. The types of samples and objectives for each of the data collection efforts are discussed below.



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2.3.1 Catch basin chemistry

Soil grab samples will be obtained from soil accumulated in the T-117 catch basins that discharge directly to the T-117 EAA. The samples will be analyzed to address the following objectives:

◆ Determine whether the soil in the T-117 storm drain system is a potential ongoing source of PCBs and other SMS analytes of interest conveyed to the T-117 EAA

◆ Evaluate the need to further examine contaminant sources within the adjacent upland T-117 area drainage as part of a subsequent investigation phase

2.3.2 Seep chemistry

Seep water chemical data will be used to:

◆ Evaluate whether seeps are a source of SMS analyte contamination/re-contamination to the T-117 EAA

2.3.3 Soil boring data

Soil borings will be advanced along the shoreline to generate chemical and geotechnical data to support the following objectives:

◆ Determine the vertical extent of PCB-impacted soil along the shoreline for source control evaluation both during and after remediation

◆ Determine whether PAHs are present in the bank to assess the potential for contamination

◆ Establish the general engineering characteristics of the shoreline soil for constructability of potential remediation actions

2.3.4 Sediment data

Surface and subsurface sediment chemical data will be generated to support the following objectives:

◆ Determine the horizontal and vertical nature and extent of PCB sediment contamination within the T-117 EAA

◆ Determine an EAA remediation boundary

◆ Determine release of SMS analytes from potential upland sources to sediment

◆ Establish the general engineering characteristics of the shoreline sediment for constructability of potential remediation actions



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2.3.5 Drainage ditch soil chemistry

Soil grab samples will be obtained from two upgradient locations in the ditch located between the T-117 south building and the Boeing South Park Property to address the following objective:

◆ Determine whether the soil in the ditch is a potential ongoing source of PCBs and other SMS analytes to the T-117 EAA

2.3.6 Groundwater data

Groundwater chemical data will be collected from two new and two existing wells installed along the top of the bank to provide chemical data for the following objective:

◆ Evaluate whether PCBs, PAHs, and VOCs are being transported in groundwater to the shoreline sediment and determine whether groundwater is a source of contamination to sediments, as part of the source control evaluation at T-117

A 24-hour tidal study will also be conducted in the four wells and one additional inland well (MW-03) to address the following objectives:

◆ Characterize the post-1999 groundwater gradient beneath the adjacent T-117 upland area

◆ Characterize the influence of tides in the LDW on water levels in the wells

◆ Check for the occurrence of total suspended solids (TSS) and product in wells relative to measured water levels

2.4 QUALITY OBJECTIVES AND CRITERIA FOR CHEMICAL MEASUREMENT DATA

The overall data quality objective (DQO) for this project is to develop and implement procedures that will ensure the collection of representative data of known, acceptable, and defensible quality.

Table 2-1 lists specific data quality indicators (DQIs) for each analysis. Interferences in individual samples may result in an increase in the reported detection limits. To achieve the required low detection limits, some modifications to the methods may be necessary.

For PCB analyses, decachlorobiphenyl (DCB) surrogate will be added to all samples and standards and analyzed as a point of reference and indicator of retention time shifts. If an Aroclor is detected in the sample, the standard for the detected Aroclor must be analyzed within 72 hr of detection and within a valid 12-hr sequence to confirm the presence of the Aroclor in the sample. The lab will also submit a summary of retention times and established retention time windows for the three to five major Aroclor peaks that will be used in quantitation (Form 6B), and will submit a summary of the retention time shifts of the DCB for both columns used in the analyses (columns may be added to the summary of analysis run log).



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The parameters used to assess data quality are precision, accuracy, representativeness, comparability, and completeness and sensitivity. These parameters are discussed in the following sections.

2.4.1 Precision

Precision is the measure of the reproducibility among individual measurements of the same property, usually under similar conditions, such as multiple measurements of the same sample. Precision is assessed by performing multiple analyses on a sample and is expressed as a relative percent difference (RPD) when duplicate analyses are performed and as a percent relative standard deviation (% RSD) when more than two analyses are performed on the same sample (e.g., triplicates). Precision is assessed by laboratory duplicate analyses for all parameters except when reference materials are not available or spiking of the matrix is inappropriate; in these cases, precision is assessed by laboratory triplicate analyses. Precision measurements can be affected by the nearness of a chemical concentration to the method detection limit, where the percent error (expressed as either % RSD or RPD) increases. The DQI for precision varies depending on the analyte (Table 2-1). The equations used to express precision are as follows:

1002

×÷+

−=)(

)(concuplicate measured dconcmeasured

concuplicate measured dconcmeasured RPD

100)ave(SD/DRSD% ×=

where

−

∑ −

=)1(n

2)aveDn(D

SD

D = sample concentration Dave = average sample concentration n = number of samples SD = standard deviation

Table 2-1. Summary of data quality indicators

PARAMETER UNITS

METHOD

DETECTION

LIMIT PRECISIONa ACCURACY COMPLETENESS METHOD

SAMPLE

HOLDING

TIME PRESERVATIVE Sediment and soil

Volatile organics µg/kg dw 0.5

±30% 75-125% 90% GC/MS (EPA 8260)

14 daysc Cool/4°C mg/kg-oc 0.03b

Semivolatile organics

µg/kg dw 20 ±30% 10-177% 90% GC/MS

(EPA 8270) 14 daysc Cool/4°C

mg/kg-oc 1.22b



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PARAMETER UNITS

METHOD

DETECTION LIMIT PRECISION

a ACCURACY COMPLETENESS METHOD

SAMPLE

HOLDING TIME PRESERVATIVE

PCBs µg/kg dw 30

±30% 30-160% 90% GC/ECD (EPA 8082)

14 daysc Cool/4°C mg/kg-oc 1.83b

Bulk TBT as ion µg/kg dw 1.0 ±40% 32-131% 90% GC/FPD (Krone) 40 days Cool/4°C

Mercury mg/kg dw 0.02 ±20% 75-125% 90% CVAA (EPA 7471)

28 days Cool/4°C

SMS metals mg/kg dw 1.0 ±20% 75-125% 90% ICP (EPA 6010)

1 year Cool/4°C

Grain size % dw na ±30% na 90% Sieve/pipette (PSEP)

6 months Cool/4°C

TOC % dw 0.01 ±20% 75-125% 90% Combustion (EPA 9060)

28 days Cool/4°C

Moisture % ww 0.1 ±20% na 90% ASTM D-2216 7 days Cool/4°C

Atterberg Limits %Moisture 0.1 ±30% na 90% ASTM D-4318 na Cool/4°C

Bulk Density lbs/ft3 0.1 ±30% na 90% ASTM D-2936 na Cool/4°C

Specific Gravity g/cc 0.01 ±30% na 90% ASTM D-854 na Cool/4°C

Water

Total suspended solids

mg/L 1.0 ±30% na 90% EPA 160.2/ SM 2540D

7 days Cool/4°C

TOC mg/L 1.5 ±35% 75-125% 90% ASTM D4129-82m 415.1

28 days Cool/4°C

Semivolatile organics

µg/L 1.0 ±30% 10-177% 90% GC/MS (EPA 8270C)

7 daysd Cool/4°C

Volatile organics µg/L 1.0 ±30% 75-125% 90% GC/MS (EPA 8260)

14 daysc

Cool/4°C

PCBs µg/L 0.01 ±30% 70-130% 90% LVI GC/ECD (EPA 8082)

7 daysc Cool/4°C

Mercury µg/L 0.1 ±35% 75-125% 90% CVAA

(EPA 7470a) 28 days Cool/4°C

SMS metals µg/L 1.0 ±35% 75-125% 90% ICP

(EPA 6010b) 6

months Cool/4°C

a Precision is assessed by laboratory duplicate analyses for all parameters except when reference materials are not available or spiking of the matrix is inappropriate; in these cases, precision is assessed by laboratory triplicate analyses

b Average OC normalized value was calculated using the mean TOC in the T-117 EAA of 1.64%

c 14 days until extraction, 40 days to analysis from time of extraction. d 7 days until extraction, 40 days to analysis from time of extraction.

dw – dry-weight basis

GC – gas chromatography ICP - Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

ECD – electron capture detection CVAA – Cold vapor atomic absorption

na – not applicable TOC - total organic carbon

2.4.2 Accuracy

Accuracy is an expression of the degree to which a measured or computed value represents the true value. Accuracy may be expressed as a percentage of the true or reference value for reference material, or as a percent recovery in those analyses where reference materials are not available and spiked samples are analyzed. The DQI for



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accuracy varies, depending on the analyte (Table 2-1). The equations used to express accuracy are as follows.

For reference materials:

Percent of true value 100valuetrue

valuemeasured×=

For spiked samples:

Percent recovery 100ddedof spike aamount

ltample resuunspiked sle resultspike samp ×−=

2.4.3 Representativeness

Representativeness expresses the degree to which data accurately and precisely represent an environmental condition. The sampling approach was designed to address the specific objectives described in Section 2.3.

2.4.4 Comparability

Comparability expresses the confidence with which one data set can be evaluated in relation to another data set. For this investigation, comparability of data will be established through the use of program-defined general methods and reporting formats and the use of common, traceable calibration and reference materials from the National Institute of Standards and Technology or other established sources.

2.4.5 Completeness

Completeness is a measure of the amount of data that is determined to be valid in proportion to the amount of data collected. Completeness will be calculated as follows:

100plannedpointsdataofnumbertotal

tsmeasuremenvalidofnumberssCompletene ×=

Completeness will be calculated per matrix. The DQI for completeness for all components of this project is 90%. Data that have been qualified as estimated because the QC criteria were not met will be considered valid for the purpose of assessing completeness. Data that have been qualified as rejected will not be considered valid for the purpose of assessing completeness.

The chemical and physical testing will adhere to the most recent PSEP QA/QC procedures (PSEP 1997b) and PSEP analysis protocols.

2.4.6 Sensitivity

Analytical sensitivity is the minimum concentration of an analyte above which a data user can be reasonably confident that the analyte was reliably detected and quantified. For this study, the method detection limit (MDL) will be used to determine sensitivity of each measurement process. Results will be reported at or below the MDLs



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presented in Table 2-1, which will be sufficient to obtain carbon-normalized results below the SQS criteria.

2.5 SPECIAL TRAINING REQUIREMENTS/CERTIFICATION

The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 required the Secretary of Labor to issue regulations providing health and safety standards and guidelines for workers engaged in hazardous waste operations. The 29 CFR 1910.120 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations require training to provide employees with the knowledge and skills enabling them to perform their jobs safely and with minimum risk to their personal health. All sampling personnel will have completed the 40-hr HAZWOPER training course and 8-hour refresher courses, as necessary, to meet the OSHA regulations.

2.6 DOCUMENTATION AND RECORDS

2.6.1 Field observations

All field activities will be recorded in a field logbook maintained by the FC. The field logbook will provide a description of all sampling activities, conferences associated with field sampling activities, sampling personnel, weather conditions, and a record of all modifications to the procedures and plans identified this QAPP and the HSP (Attachment 1). The field logbook will consist of bound, numbered pages. All entries will be made in indelible ink. The field logbook is intended to provide sufficient data and observations to enable participants to reconstruct events that occurred during the sampling period.

The following field data collection sheets, which can be found at the end of this QAPP, will also be used to record pertinent information after sample collection:

1. Surface sediment/soil collection form

2. Sediment core collection form

3. Seep collection form

4. Groundwater collection form

5. Soil core log

6. Boring and well log

7. Sample alteration form

8. Corrective action form

After sample collection, the following information will be recorded on the collection sheets (Forms 1-6).

◆ Date and time of collection or logging and name of person logging sample

◆ Names of crew members



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◆ Weather conditions

◆ Station ID number

◆ Station coordinates

◆ Station location

◆ Project designation

Surface sediment and soil (catch basin and drainage ditch) sample collection will contain the following additional information that will be recorded on the sediment/soil collection form (Form 1):

◆ Depth of water at the location (sediment only)

◆ Physical observations of sediment or soil, including the presence of foreign objects, color, presence of sheens, apparent grain size, moisture (soil only) and odor

◆ Penetration depth of the sampler

Subsurface sediment cores will contain the following additional information that will be recorded on the core collection form (Form 2):

◆ Depth of water at the location

◆ Physical observations of sediment or soil, including the presence of foreign objects, color, presence of sheens, apparent grain size, and odor


◆ Recovery depth

◆ % recovery

After seep water collection, the following additional information will be recorded on the collection form (Form 3):

◆ Description of the substrate in which the seep flows through or onto

◆ Quantitative flow rate of the major seep

◆ Qualitative description of minor seep flow rate (quantitative flow rate, if possible)

◆ Seep observations (e.g., bacterial slime, oily sheen, staining, obvious smells)

◆ Description of embankment substrate including presence of fill or waste material

◆ Seep location relative to vertical changes in embankment or beach substrate

◆ Recency of rainfall events

◆ Tidal stage



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After groundwater collection, the following additional information will be recorded on the collection form (Form 4):

◆ Depth to bottom of monitoring well

◆ Depth to groundwater

◆ Tide elevation relative to MLLW

◆ Well volume

◆ Purge flow rate

◆ Purge time

◆ Purge volume

◆ Purge parameters: dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, turbidity, specific conductance, and oxidation-reduction potential

◆ Groundwater observations, including the presence of product sheen or layer

Soil borings will contain the following additional information that will be recorded on the soil core log (Form 5):

◆ Physical observations of soil, including the presence of foreign objects, color, presence of sheens, apparent grain size, moisture, and odor

◆ Borings will be logged to record geologic stratigraphy and the presence of any water-bearing layers


◆ Standard Penetration Test (SPT) results

Soil borings in which monitoring wells will be installed will contain additional information that will be recorded on the boring and well log (Form 6).

2.6.2 Laboratory records

Laboratories will be responsible for internal checks on sample handling and analytical data reporting and will correct errors identified during the QA review. Close contact will be maintained with the laboratories to resolve any QC problems in a timely manner. The laboratory data package will include the following:

◆ Project narrative : This summary, in the form of a cover letter, will present any problems encountered during any aspect of analysis. The summary will include, but not be limited to, discussion of quality control, sample shipment, sample storage, and analytical difficulties. Any problems encountered, actual or perceived, and their resolutions, will be documented in as much detail as necessary.

◆ Records : Legible copies of the chain-of-custody (COC) forms will be provided as part of the data package. This documentation will include the time of receipt



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and the condition of each sample received by the laboratory. Additional internal tracking of sample custody by the laboratory will also be documented.

◆ Sample results : The data package will summarize the results for each sample analyzed. The summary will include the following information, when applicable:

♦ field sample identification code and the corresponding laboratory identification code

♦ sample matrix

♦ date of sample extraction/digestion

♦ date and time of analysis

♦ weight and/or volume used for analysis

♦ final dilution volumes or concentration factor for the sample

♦ percent moisture in the samples

♦ identification of the instruments used for analysis

♦ method reporting and quantitation limits

♦ all data qualifiers and their definitions

♦ a computer diskette containing all of the data

◆ QA/QC summaries: These summaries will contain the results of all QA/QC procedures. Each QA/QC sample analysis will be documented with the same information required for the sample results (see above). The laboratory will make no recovery or blank corrections. The required summaries are listed below; additional information may be requested.

♦ Calibration data summary will contain the concentrations of the initial calibration and daily calibration standards and the date and time of analysis. The response factor, percent relative standard deviation (%RSD), percent difference, and retention time for each analyte will be listed, as appropriate. Results for standards to indicate instrument sensitivity will be reported.

♦ Internal standard area summary will report the internal standard areas as appropriate.

♦ Method blank analysis summary will report the method blank analysis associated with each sample and the concentration of all compounds of interest identified in these blanks.

♦ Surrogate spike recovery summary will report all surrogate spike recovery data for organic analyses. The name and concentration of all compounds added, percent recoveries, and QC limits will be listed.



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♦ Matrix spike recovery summary will report the matrix spike recovery data for analyses, as appropriate. The name and concentration of all compounds added, percent recoveries, and QC limits will be listed. The relative percent difference for all matrix spike and matrix spike duplicate analyses will be reported.

♦ Matrix duplicate summary will report the RPD for all matrix duplicate analyses. The quality control limits for each compound or analyte will be listed.

♦ Standard reference material analysis summary will report the results of the SRM analyses and list the precision for each analyte.

♦ Laboratory control analysis summary will report the results of the analyses of laboratory control samples. The quality control limits for each compound or analyte will be listed.

♦ Relative retention time summary will report the relative retention times for the primary and confirmational columns of each analyte detected in the samples, as appropriate.

◆ Original data: Legible copies of the original data generated by the laboratory will be provided, including the following:

♦ sample refrigerator temperature logs

♦ sample extraction/digestion, preparation, and cleanup logs

♦ instrument specifications and analysis logs for all instruments used on days of calibration and analysis

♦ reconstructed ion chromatograms for all samples, standards, blanks, calibrations, spikes, replicates, and reference materials

♦ enhanced spectra of detected compounds with associated best-match spectra for each sample

♦ printouts and quantitation reports for each instrument used, including reports for all samples, standards, blanks, calibrations, spikes, replicates, and reference materials

♦ original data quantification reports for each sample

♦ original data for blanks and samples not reported

All contract laboratories for this project will submit data both in hard copy and in electronic format. Guidelines for electronic data deliverables for chemistry data are as follows:

◆ Each row of data should contain only one analyte for a given sample. Therefore, one complete sample will require multiple rows.



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◆ Each row should contain the following information at a minimum: Windward sample identifier, sample matrix, laboratory sample identifier (if used), date of sampling, date of laboratory analysis, laboratory method, analyte name, measured result, laboratory qualifiers, units, and measurement basis.

◆ If using a spreadsheet file to produce the electronic deliverable, the value representing the measured concentration or detection limit should be formatted to show the correct number of significant figures and should not contain any trailing digits that are hidden in the formatting.

◆ If using a database program to produce the electronic deliverable, the value representing the measured concentration or detection limit should be stored in a character field, or a field in addition to the numeric result field should be provided to define the correct number of significant figures.

◆ If a result for an analyte is below the detection limit, the laboratory qualifier should be U, and the value in the result column should be the sample-specific detection limit.

◆ Laboratory samples for QA/QC should be included and clearly identified in the file with unique laboratory sample identifiers. Additional columns may be used to distinguish the sample type (e.g., matrix spike, matrix spike duplicate).

◆ If replicate analyses are conducted on a submitted field sample, the laboratory sample identifier must distinguish among the replicates.

◆ Wherever possible, all analytes and replicates for a given sample should be grouped together.

An example of the acceptable electronic deliverable for analytical chemistry is provided in Table 2-2.

Table 2-2. Example of acceptable organization of ele ctronic deliverable for analytical chemistry

FIELD NAME REQUIRED OR OPTIONAL

Event name required

COC ID required

Lab sample ID required

Matrix required

Sample collection date/time required

Requested analysis required

Analyte required

CAS number required

Date/time analyzed required

Detection limit required

Reporting limit required

Reporting limit type required



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FIELD NAME REQUIRED OR OPTIONAL

Sample result required

Units required

ResultSigFig required

Lab qualifier optionala

Analysis batch required

True value/spiked amount optional

Percent recovery optionala

Upper limit optional

Lower limit optional

Analyst required

Dilution required

Extraction batch required

Extraction date/time required

Extraction method required

Percent moisture optionala

Lab notes optional

Laboratory required

a - Required when available. Not all samples are qualified. Blanks and LCS have no percent moisture. Field samples have no percent recovery.

2.6.3 Data reduction

Data reduction is the process by which original data (analytical measurements) are converted or reduced to a specified format or unit to facilitate analysis of the data. Data reduction requires that all aspects of sample preparation that could affect the test result, such as sample volume analyzed or dilutions required, be taken into account in the final result. It is the laboratory analyst’s responsibility to reduce the data, which are subjected to further review by the Laboratory Project Manager, the Project Manager, the Project QA/QC Coordinator, and independent reviewers. The data will be generated in a form amenable to review and evaluation. Data reduction may be performed manually or electronically. If performed electronically, all software used must be demonstrated to be true and free from unacceptable error.

2.6.4 Data report

A data report will be prepared documenting all activities associated with the collection, handling, and analysis of samples. At a minimum, the following will be included in the data report:

◆ Summary of all field activities, including descriptions of any deviations from the approved QAPP

◆ Sediment sampling locations reported in latitude and longitude to the nearest one-tenth of a second and in northing and easting to the nearest foot

◆ Plan view of the project showing the actual sampling locations



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◆ A summary of the QA/QC review of the analytical data

◆ The results from the analysis of field samples

◆ Provide summary of physical data

◆ Provide all sediment quality data in SedQual electronic format

◆ Comparison of sediment chemistry results to applicable SMS standards (Table 2-3)

◆ Comparison of seep and groundwater chemistry results to EPA’s marine ambient water quality criteria (AWQC; Table 2-4)

◆ Comparison of upland soil and ground water chemistry results to appropriate, available guidelines.

A Technical Memorandum will be provided to EPA, at least 2 weeks prior to the draft data report, explaining how the Port will evaluate and interpret the upland soils and groundwater sample results.

Data will be validated within four weeks of receiving data packages from the respective laboratories. A draft data report will be submitted four weeks after receipt of the validated analytical results. A final data report will be submitted to the agencies three weeks after receiving comments on the draft report.

Table 2-3. Sediment Management Standards

ANALYTE SQSa CSLa Metals Arsenic 57 mg/kg 93 mg/kg Cadmium 5.1 mg/kg 6.7 mg/kg Chromium 260 mg/kg 270 mg/kg Copper 390 mg/kg 390 mg/kg Lead 450 mg/kg 530 mg/kg Mercury 0.41 mg/kg 0.59 mg/kg Silver 6.1 mg/kg 6.1 mg/kg Zinc 410 mg/kg 960 mg/kg

Total PCBs 12 mg/kg OC 65 mg/kg OC

PAHs

LPAH 370 mg/kg OC 170 mg/kg OC

Naphthalene 99 mg/kg OC 170 mg/kg OC

2-Methylnaphthalene 38 mg/kg OC 64 mg/kg OC

Acenaphthylene 66 mg/kg OC 66 mg/kg OC

Acenaphthene 16 mg/kg OC 57 mg/kg OC

Fluorene 23 mg/kg OC 79 mg/kg OC

Phenanthrene 100 mg/kg OC 480 mg/kg OC

Anthracene 220 mg/kg OC 1,200 mg/kg OC

HPAH 960 mg/kg OC 5,300 mg/kg OC

Fluoranthene 160 mg/kg OC 1,200 mg/kg OC



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ANALYTE SQSa CSLa

Pyrene 1,000 mg/kg OC 1,400 mg/kg OC

Benz(a)anthracene 110 mg/kg OC 270 mg/kg OC

Chrysene 110 mg/kg OC 460 mg/kg OC

Benzo(b+k)fluoranthene 230 mg/kg OC 450 mg/kg OC

Benzo(a)pyrene 99 mg/kg OC 210 mg/kg OC

Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 34 mg/kg OC 88 mg/kg OC

Dibenz(a,h)anthracene 12 mg/kg OC 33 mg/kg OC

Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 31 mg/kg OC 78 mg/kg OC

VOCs

1,2-Dichlorobenzene 2.3 mg/kg OC 2.3 mg/kg OC

1,4-Dichlorobenzene 3.1 mg/kg OC 9.0 mg/kg OC

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 0.81 mg/kg OC 1.8 mg/kg OC

SVOCs

Hexachlorobenzene 0.38 mg/kg OC 2.3 mg/kg OC

Dimethyl phthalate 53 mg/kg OC 53 mg/kg OC

Diethyl phthalate 61 mg/kg OC 110 mg/kg OC

Di-N-butyl phthalate 220 mg/kg OC 1,700 mg/kg OC

Butyl benzyl phthalate 4.9 mg/kg OC 64 mg/kg OC

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 47 mg/kg OC 78 mg/kg OC

Di-N-octyl phthalate 58 mg/kg OC 4,500 mg/kg OC

Dibenzofuran 15 mg/kg OC 58 mg/kg OC

Hexachlorobutadiene 3.9 mg/kg OC 6.2 mg/kg OC

N-nitrosodiphenylamine 11 mg/kg OC 11 mg/kg OC

Phenol 420 µg/kg 1,200 µg/kg

2-Methylphenol 63 µg/kg 63 µg/kg

4-Methylphenol 670 µg/kg 670 µg/kg

2,4-Dimethylphenol 29 µg/kg 29 µg/kg

Pentachlorophenol 360 µg/kg 690 µg/kg

Benzyl alcohol 57 µg/kg 73 µg/kg

Benzoic acid 650 µg/kg 650 µg/kg

OC - organic carbon-normalized a Ecology. 1995. Sediment Management Standards.

SQS=Sediment Quality Standards, CSL=Cleanup Screening Level)



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Table 2-4. Ambient water quality criteria for analytes of interest

ANALYTE SALTWATER CMCa

(µG/L) SALTWATER CCCa

(µG/L) Metals

Arsenic 69 36

Cadmium 40 8.8

Chromium hexavalent 1100 50

Copper 4.8 3.1

Lead 210 8.1

Mercury 1.8 0.94

Silver 1.9 na

Zinc 90 81

Total PCBs na 0.03 PAHs 2-methylnapthalene na na Dibenzofuran na na LPAH na na Naphthalene na na Acenaphthylene na na Acenaphthene na na Fluorene na na Phenanthrene na na Anthracene na na HPAH na na

Fluoranthene na na Pyrene na na Benz(a)anthracene na na Chrysene na na Benzo(b+k)fluoranthene na na Benzo(a)pyrene na na Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene na na Dibenz(a,h)anthracene na na Benzo(g,h,i)perylene na na VOCs

1,2-Dichlorobenzene na na

1,4-Dichlorobenzene na na 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene na na

1,2-Trans-Dichloroethylene na na

1,1,1-Trichloroethane na na

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane na na

1,1,2-Trichloroethane na na

1,1-Dichloroethylene na na


1,2-Dichloroethane na na

1,2-Dichloropropane na na

1,3-Dichloropropene na na




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ANALYTE SALTWATER CMCa

(µG/L) SALTWATER CCCa

(µG/L)

2-Chloroethylvinyl Ether na na

Acrolein na na

Acrylonitrile na na

Benzene na na

Bromoform na na

Carbon tetrachloride na na

Chlorobenzene na na

Chlorodibromomethane na na

Chloroethane na na

Chloroform na na

Dichlorobromomethane na na

Ethylbenzene na na

Methyl Bromide na na

Methyl Chloride na na

Methylene Chloride na na

Tetrachloroethylene na na

Toluene na na

Trichloroethylene na na

Vinyl Chloride na na Xylene na na SVOCs Hexachlorobenzene na na Dimethyl phthalate na na Diethyl phthalate na na Di-N-butyl phthalate na na Butyl benzyl phthalate na na Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate na na Di-N-octyl phthalate na na Hexachlorobutadiene na na N-nitrosodiphenylamine na na Phenol na na 2-Methylphenol na na 4-Methylphenol na na 2,4-Dimethylphenol na na

Pentachlorophenol 13 7.9 Benzyl alcohol na na Benzoic acid na na

na – not available a EPA. 2002c. National recommended water quality criteria.

CMC -The Criteria Maximum Concentration is an estimate of the highest concentration of a material in surface water to which an aquatic community can be exposed briefly without resulting in an unacceptable effect.

CCC - The Criterion Continuous Concentration is an estimate of the highest concentration of a material in surface water to which an aquatic community can be exposed indefinitely without resulting in an unacceptable effect.



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3.0 Data Generation and Acquisition

This section describes the methods that will be used to collect and process sediment, soil, and water samples. Elements include sample process design, collection methods, decontamination procedures, sample handling and custody requirements, analytical methods, quality control, instrument/equipment testing, inspection and maintenance, instrument calibration, supply inspection/acceptance, and data management.

Three site photographs (located at the end of this QAPP) show general site conditions along the T-117 shoreline.

3.1 SAMPLING DESIGN

The primary focus of this investigation is to fill data gaps identified in the Summary of Existing Information and Data Gaps Analysis Report (Windward et al. 2003). Data will be collected primarily to determine nature and extent of PCB contamination, assist engineering design, and determine source control measures. Proposed boundaries of the remediation area will be determined by the chemistry results of material in the T-117 shoreline bank and offshore sediments.

The Data Gaps Analysis Report indicated that PCBs were the likely risk driver for the remediation at the T-117 shoreline. Therefore, the first tier of the sampling design focuses primarily on PCBs, with secondary data generated to support the evaluation of the site. The secondary data will include analyses of sediment and soil samples for the complete list of analytes (Tables 2-3 and 2-4) to evaluate potential contamination from upland sources. If analytical results of full SMS for soil or sediment samples indicate that other chemicals of concern are present, archived samples collected during the first tier will be analyzed or additional media will be sampled and analyzed for these chemicals as part of a second tier. Initially, PCB results will be used to delineate the remediation boundary. In subsequent tiers, additional site data may be gathered and analyses of other chemicals of concern may be performed outside of the PCB delineated boundary and used to assist in cleanup decisions or provide additional data for the LDW RI.

This sampling program will evaluate potential upland sources, determine the EAA boundary based on the nature and extent of PCBs and investigate the nature of PCB and PAH concentrations along the bank of the T-117 shoreline where there is potential to provide a source of recontamination during and after a sediment remediation action. The following type of samples will be collected:

◆ Soil grab samples from two catch basins along the T-117 shoreline

◆ Seep samples from the bank of the T-117 shoreline

◆ Soil borings along the top of the bank

◆ Cores and surface grabs in the adjacent shoreline sediment

◆ Ditch samples from the southern drainage ditch



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◆ Groundwater from monitoring wells located on the top of the bank and tidal monitoring

After the conclusion of these field studies and analyses, the EAA boundary will be set. If the samples collected outside of the boundary (as defined in #2 above) result in modification of the boundary, then additional samples will be collected outside the modified boundary for use in the ongoing LDW RI studies and will be analyzed for the full suite of SMS analytes (and bulk TBT if the additional samples are collected with in the marina). Further analysis of contaminants may be undertaken if necessary for the design of the removal action.

The program will also include mapping of the more notable asphalt deposits located in the shoreline bank and south ditch. Soil grab samples from the two existing catch basins along the T-117 shoreline will be sampled to establish the contribution of current SMS analytes to sediment from surface water runoff across the adjacent T-117 uplands. Seep samples (water) will be collected along the shoreline to characterize potential groundwater contribution of SMS analytes to adjacent shoreline sediment.

Six surface/subsurface sampling exploration transects have been established along the T-117 shoreline, as shown on Figure 3-1. The location and the orientation of the transects were selected to evaluate the shoreline and offshore area adjacent to the debris area of the upland property of the T-117 EAA (shown as PCB soil removal area on Figure 3-1) and to distribute samples from the bank to the navigation channel to determine the vertical and horizontal extent of contamination to facilitate in the engineering remediation design.

Each exploration transect begins with a soil boring at the top of the bank and adds sediment cores on a line extending to the existing navigation channel dredge boundary. Sampling does not extend beyond the navigation channel boundary since only one sample in the navigation channel, which has been dredged, had a chemical exceedance (phenol). The transect orientations were selected to provide well distributed spatial coverage of the potential remediation area adjacent to the former PCB soil removal area (transects 2, 3, 4, 5) and also intersect existing surface water/stormwater discharge points from the site (stormwater at transects 2 and 5, seep at transect 3, and historic surface water discharge at transect 4).

Upland soil sampling and adjacent core sediment sampling along the transects will provide engineering (geotechnical) parameters to evaluate various remediation alternatives and will also provide analytical data to evaluate the horizontal and vertical extent of PCBs and other potential contaminants as necessary, across the shoreline and aquatic portion of the site. The soil boring data will also be used to identify potential source control issues during and after remediation. PAHs will also be analyzed at all upland soil boring locations to assess the potential for recontamination due to historical practices and also to determine whether PAH hotspots exist in the bank.



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The transect locations were selected to determine the extent of the bank remediation area (transects 1 and 6), to investigate any influence of the historical PCB removal area (transects 2 and 5) to the bank and sediments, and to be distributed in front of the historic upland PCB soil removal area where PCB contamination is most like to have impacted the bank (transects 3 and 4). Transect 4 is placed at the historical PCB ponding area where overflow occurred to the waterway. Transect 3 is placed at the location of the shoreline seep.

The subsurface exploration program along the transects consists of 6 soil borings and 15 sediment cores. One soil boring will be collected from the upland end of each transect, for a total of six borings. One core will be completed at the toe of the riprap bank along each transect at the shoreline of the T-117 property (6 cores), another core will be completed at the intertidal boundary of each transect (6 cores), and a core will be completed on every other transect in the navigation channel (3 cores), as shown on Figure 3-1.

The collection of surface sediment samples for PCBs will better define the remediation boundary and evaluate potential contamination from sediments outside of the PCB-defined remediation boundary. The collection of surface sediment samples near potential source areas (active seep, catch basin outfalls, and southern drainage ditch) for full-suite SMS analysis will be used to evaluate the impacts these sources may have on cleanup decisions. Soil grab samples from the southern drainage ditch on the T-117 upland property will be sampled to establish the contribution of SMS analytes to sediment from upland soil.

Finally, groundwater will be sampled from two existing wells and from two new wells to be installed during the bank boring program. Groundwater will be analyzed for PCBs, VOCs, PAHs, and TSS. Sample collection will coincide with the low groundwater level as induced by tidal fluctuations in the adjacent LDW. This timing will be determined by performing a 24-hour water level monitoring (tidal study) in the wells prior to sampling. The presence and thickness of any floating product layers will also be monitored during the diurnal tidal study. The tidal study will also be performed on the existing inland monitoring well 3 (MW-3) to determine whether any product is exchanged to the down-gradient well (new well MW-5).

3.1.1 Catch basin grab samples

Soil samples will be obtained from the two catch basins (Figure 3-1) at the adjacent T-117 upland area discharging directly to the T-117 EAA. Catch basin locations, sample analyses, and rationale are presented in Table 3-1. If filter fabric is present, it will be noted as well as a description of the accumulated soil. Soil that has accumulated on any filter fabric inside the basin will be sampled. The fabric will then be removed and a separate sample of soil will be obtained from the bottom of the basin (sump). Total depth of catch basin and soil accumulation will be noted. Soil samples will be submitted for analysis of SMS analytes and TOC. Enough volume may not be collected from the catch basin to perform all the analyses. If this occurs, the EPA



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project manager will be contacted to discuss the priority of analyses, which will likely be as follows: total solids, PCBs, SMS semivolatile compounds, TOC, SMS metals, and grain size.

Table 3-1. Catch basin locations

LOCATION ID EASTING NORTHING ANALYSES RATIONALE

T117-CB1 1275364 195595 SMSa Direct discharge to LDW Evaluate potential of upland source to recontaminate sediment

T117-CB5 1275526 195336 SMSa Direct discharge to LDW Evaluate potential of upland source to recontaminate sediment

a Only if enough volume is collected

3.1.2. Seep samples

Seep samples will be collected in coordination with EPA from one major and two minor seeps at the bank discharge points. The location of the major seep and the approximate location of the minor seeps are shown in Figure 3-1. The location of the minor seeps will be identified in the field at the time of sampling based on flow rate because the minor seep activity fluctuates. Seep locations, sample analyses, and rationale are presented in Table 3-2. Seep samples will be analyzed for SMS analytes. Water samples will also be measured in the field for dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, temperature, conductivity (spc), oxygen-redox potential (ORP), and turbidity. Flow rate of the active seep and, if possible, the minor seeps will be measured as described in Section 3.2.2.4. Photographs will be taken of the seeps at the time of sampling. Sufficient seep sample volumes will be obtained to permit the analysis of seep water with and without centrifuging. A surface sediment sample will also be collected at the time of seep sampling and analyzed for SMS with each seep sample.

If seeps are determined to be significant sources, additional investigative tiers may include information such as evaluating seep water source(s), including groundwater drainage, stormwater drains, potable water sources, or undocumented industrial discharges. The major seep is through the debris area and located off of the historic upland ponding area.

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!> Outfall


Dredge eventsACOE maintenance dredgeSouth Park Marina (proposed)Intertidal habitatTerminal 117 upland boundaryNavigation channelRiver mile



0 80 16040Feet

0 20 4010Meters

Seep



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Table 3-2. Seep sampling locations

LOCATION ID EASTING NORTHING ANALYSESa RATIONALE

T117-SW1 (major seep) 1275457 195564 SMS, TOC, TSS Evaluate potential of source to

recontaminate sediment

T117-SW2 (minor seep) TBD TBD SMS, TOC, TSS Evaluate potential of source to

recontaminate sediment

T117-SW3 (minor seep) TBD TBD SMS, TOC, TSS

Evaluate potential of source to recontaminate sediment

Datum = Washington State Plane North, NAD83, US survey ft

a Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, temperature, conductivity (spc), and oxygen-redox potential (ORP) and turbidity will be measured in the field

3.1.3 Soil borings/well installation

Upland soil sampling will be completed at the six designated transects to provide engineering parameters to evaluate various remediation alternatives for the shoreline and to further evaluate the vertical extent of PCBs along the shoreline that will be used to address potential source control issues during and after remediation. PAHs will also be analyzed to assess the potential for recontamination due to historical practices. The upland soil-boring activities are described below.

Six soil borings will be completed along the edge of the existing paving at the shoreline of the T-117 property as shown on Figure 3-1. Soil boring locations, sample analyses, and rationale are presented in Table 3-3. The borings will be advanced using a hollow-stem auger drill rig. The borings will each be advanced to a depth of 15-20 ft below ground surface. Within each boring, a representative soil sample will be collected at 2.5-ft intervals from 0-10 ft, and then at 5-ft intervals to the bottom (15-20 ft) for physical and analytical testing. Color photos will be taken of borings prior to sampling, focusing on changes in stratigraphy and visible contamination. Five or six soil samples per boring, depending on the boring depth, will be analyzed for PCBs, PAHs, and TOC. Four to six samples will be submitted for physical testing, based on visual classification, selected to represent the major soil units found in the borings. The samples will be tested for of the following parameters: grain size (ASTM D-421/422), moisture content (ASTM D-2216), specific gravity (ASTM D-854), and Atterberg limits (ASTM D-4318).



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Table 3-3. Soil boring locations

LOCATION

ID MAP

# EASTING NORTHING ANALYSES RATIONALE

T117-SB1 1 1275362 195648 PCBs PAHs

Evaluate presence of PCBs and PAHs in bank from historical contamination and practices Outside of upland PCB removal area Northern extent of proposed bank remediation

T117-SB2 2 1275398 195610 PCBs PAHs

Evaluate presence of PCBs and PAHs in bank from historical contamination and practices Northern portion of PCB soil removal area

T117-SB3 3 1275432 195548 PCBs PAHs

Evaluate presence of PCBs and PAHs in bank from historical contamination and practices Adjacent to historical PCB ponding area

T117-SB4 4 1275503 195427 PCBs PAHs

Evaluate presence of PCBs and PAHs in bank from historical contamination and practices Adjacent to historical PCB ponding area

T117-SB5 5 1275528 195346 PCBs PAHs

Evaluate presence of PCBs and PAHs in bank from historical contamination and practices Southern portion of PCB soil removal area

T117-SB6 6 1275578 195223 PCBs PAHs

Evaluate presence of PCBs and PAHs in bank from historical contamination and practices Outside of upland PCB removal area Southern extent of proposed bank remediation


Monitoring wells will be installed in two of the borings, one at transect 3 and the other at transect 4, and will be named MW-5 and MW-6, respectively. Data from the new wells will be used to supplement the existing well data at the site. Further discussion of monitoring wells and groundwater sampling are presented in Section 3.1.7.

3.1.4 Sediment sampling

3.1.4.1 Sediment cores

Sediment core sampling will be completed at the six designated transects to further evaluate the vertical extent of PCBs along the shoreline, and to provide engineering parameters to evaluate various remediation alternatives for the shoreline. The sediment sampling activities are described below.

Sediment cores will be collected at the toe of the riprap bank along the shoreline of the T-117 property and the intertidal boundary at each of the 6 transects. Single sediment cores will also be collected at the edge of the most recent navigation channel dredge on Transects 1, 3, and 5, as shown on Figures 3-1 and 3-2. Figure 3-2 is a slightly more detailed view of the sediment sampling area which displays only sediment sampling locations and shows the demarcation between debris versus no debris along the bank. Sediment core locations, analyses, and rationale are presented in Table 3-4. The cores will be advanced using vibracorer methods. The cores will be advanced to the designated depth below mudline, or until refusal is encountered.

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Dredge eventsACOE maintenance dredgeSouth Park Marina (proposed)Intertidal habitatTerminal 117 upland boundaryNavigation channel



0 60 12030Feet

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The selection of core depths for the T-117 QAPP is based on the historical bathymetric data summary presented in the LDW Phase 1 RI. The Phase 1 RI summarized a review of available historic ACOE bathymetry data for selected representative areas of the upper reaches of the LDW to provide a better understanding of the elevation changes that have occurred in and adjacent to the navigation channel. Of the six locations evaluated in the report (see Figure 4-13 of Phase 1 RI, located in the Oversize Maps and Tables volume), one is located at the T-117 site, identified as ACOE Station 216+00. A series of cross sections at Station 216+00 from the 1964 to 1978 surveys are presented in Figure 4-15 of the Phase 1 RI. Changes in elevations within the navigation channel between survey years showed substantial accumulation of sediment removed by periodic maintenance dredging to maintain navigational depths.

The survey conducted in 1964 was an after-dredge survey. The channel was dredged in 1964 to -4.6 m (-15.1 ft) MLLW plus an allowed overdredge depth. Sediment accumulation within the authorized channel exceeded 2.4 m (7.9 ft) in places by 1967, especially along the western side of the channel. Maintenance dredging of the main navigation channel was conducted again in 1968. The average channel depth was -5.2 m (-17.1 ft) MLLW in the 1970 condition survey. Approximately 1.5 m (4.9 ft) of sediment had accumulated along the western edge of the navigation channel by 1973, reducing the depth at the edge of the navigation channel to approximately -2.4 m (-7.9 ft) MLLW; by 1975 an additional 0.6 to 0.9 m (2 to 3 ft) of sediment had accumulated along the western side of the navigation channel. Dredging in 1976 restored navigational depths in the channel. The condition survey conducted in 1978 showed depths near the center of the navigation channel were -4.6 m (5.1 ft) MLLW or greater, but some shoaling had occurred at the channel edges.

Changes in surface elevation on the western channel slope appear related to dredging activity within the navigation channel. Along the east side of the LDW, elevations on the channel slopes appear more stable, with maximum changes in elevation of 0.6 to 0.9 m (2 to 3 ft). The pattern of sediment accumulation on the intertidal and shallow subtidal benches adjacent to the channel shows a slow accumulation of sediments (up to 1.5 m [4.9 ft]) over an 8-yr period on the west side of the channel, but only 0.6 m (2 ft) or less of total change in surface elevations on the eastern side of the channel between 1964 and 1978.

An evaluation of the Station 216+00 cross section on the T-117 side of the channel indicates the following:

◆ The bench outside of the navigation channel next to the T-117 site was on the order of elevation 0 to -5' MLLW or shallower since 1964.

◆ The thickness of deposited sediment on the bench typically ranges from three to seven feet across the section.

◆ The maximum recorded depth of dredging in the navigation channel is to on the order of -17 ft. to -20 ft. MLLW.



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Based on the above historical bathymetric data, the ten-foot depth of coring was selected because it provided sampling depths that were at or deeper than the historical elevation of the bench closer to the shore (elevation -5 ft. MLLW) and because 10 feet represents the upper end of the range of observed thickness sediment historically deposited at the site, as summarized in the Phase 1 RI. The ten-foot core depth also extends below elevation -20 ft. MLLW at the channel line, assuring that the core extends below the historic depth of dredging.

Each core will be subdivided into two-foot segments for sampling, except for the top two feet which will be split into one-foot segments. Two-foot segments were selected because this length is less than the thickness of sediment accumulation observed in the historical data (3 to 7 feet, averaging about 5 feet), and is considered sufficient resolution to delineate the vertical extent of impacted sediment.

Representative sediment samples will be collected from the cores at 1 ft increments for the first 2ft and then at 2ft depth increments starting at 2 ft to a depth 10 ft. Each core will be visually classified in general accordance with ASTM D 2487 (Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes). Color photos will be taken of borings prior to sampling focusing on changes in stratigraphy and visible contamination.

For the six cores adjacent to the toe of the bank, samples will be submitted for analysis for PCBs and TOC. Two to four of these samples will be submitted for physical testing, based on visual classification, selected to represent the major sediment units found in the core. The samples will be tested for the following parameters: grain size (ASTM D-421/422), moisture content (ASTM D-2216), specific gravity (ASTM D-854), and Atterberg Limits (ASTM D-4318). Cores will also be sent to ARI for detailed core logging, which includes bulk density, moisture content, pocket penetrometer and Torr Vane readings, and digital photographs. All samples from these cores will be archived. All cores will be analyzed to define the PCB horizon or vertical distribution of PCBs. Archived core samples located at 21, 25, and 37 on Figure 3-1 will be retrieved and analyzed below the vertical distribution of PCBs for full suite SMS.

For the six cores on the intertidal boundary and the three cores located offshore at the upper slope of the navigation channel, samples will be submitted for analysis of PCBs and TOC. Figure 3-3 is a conceptual cross section showing the locations where cores will be collected. Samples from cores located at 24, 30, and 36 on Figure 3-1 will be archived for possible future SMS analysis.

3.1.4.2 Surface sediment

Surface sampling locations were chosen to provide sufficient spatial sediment chemistry coverage at T-117, to determine the nature and extent of the PCB sediment contamination in the T-117 vicinity, to assist in the definition of the boundary of the EAA and evaluate the impact that potential sources may express in the sediment. Figure 2-1 shows proposed surface sampling location with the historical sampling locations to show the extent of coverage in the area.



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Figure 3-3. T-117 cross section of conceptual offsho re subsurface sampling area

A total of 36 individual surface sediment samples (0-10 cm) will be collected. Fifteen surface grab samples will be co-located with the 15 core sample locations. Twenty-six samples (including those that will be co-located with the cores) will be collected from the T-117 intertidal zone (including nearshore area), and 10 from between the intertidal zone to the upper edge of navigation channel (Figure 3-1). One composite sample consisting of 4 grabs will be collected form the toe of the bank at the north end of the property in front of the marina. Linear coverage for the surface grabs making up the composites will be specified in the data summary report.

Potential source samples include seep areas, catch basin outfalls and drainage ditch discharge area. Collecting the upper 10 cm will be sufficient to characterize potential ongoing contamination that source may have to the sediment.

All the individual surface sediment samples and the composite sample will be analyzed for PCBs and TOC and 7 of the samples, which are near source areas, will also be analyzed for the full suite of SMS analytes (Table 2-3). Sample 8 at the northern boundary and near the marina area will be analyzed for full suite and TBT. All surface



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samples with the exception of ones that will be analyzed for full suite will be archived with enough sediment to potentially analyze for full suite SMS analytes pending the definition of the boundary. Locations and analytical rationale of each surface sediment sample is summarized in Table 3-4.

An additional round of sampling may be performed and analyzed for SMS analytes in areas that are outside of the remediation boundary determined by PCB chemistry results. The additional sample results will be used to determine remediation boundary alternatives or be used as part of the LDW RI sediment characterization.

The South Park Marina is proposing a maintenance dredge in conformance with PSDDA requirements to an elevation of -8.0 MLLW (Figure 3-1). Since, the Sampling and Analysis Plan for this project has not yet been approved, one surface sediment sample (7) will be taken from the proposed dredge area in the vicinity of the marina.



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Table 3-4. Sediment locations and rationale

LOCATION ID NUMBER

ON FIGURE SAMPLE EASTING NORTHING ANALYSES RATIONALE

T-117-SE-7 7 Surface Grab 1275232 195835 PCBs

Evaluate PCB chemical concentrations in area not previously characterized near boundary of site. Additional full SMS suite and TBT may be required in second sampling tier (depending on remediation boundary) since no historical full suite coverage exists in this area. TBT added in second sampling tier because of proximity to the marina.

T-117-SE-8 8 Surface Grab 1275138 195789

SMS & TBT

Evaluates sediment contamination in the sediments directly near outfall. Full SMS suite required since no historical full suite coverage in this area. TBT added in second sampling tier because of proximity to the marina.


Relocate in the vicinity of historical NOAA sampling location at northern end of property to confirm PCB exceedance. Additional full SMS suite and TBT may be required in second sampling tier (depending on remediation boundary) since no historical full suite coverage exists in this area. TBT added in second sampling tier because of proximity to the marina.


Evaluates extent of PCB contamination in intertidal area near boundary of site. Nearby historical sample (772) does not indicate SQS exceedances of any additional SMS chemicals.

T-117-SE-15 15 Core and Surface

Grab 1275417 195742 PCBs

Evaluates extent of PCB contamination at navigation channel for potential cleanup boundary definition. Historical data in subtidal area (772) do not indicate evidence of SMS chemical contamination to warrant such analysis in this area. Collect subsurface core to determine depth distribution of PCBs in this area.


Grab 1275401 195714 PCBs

Evaluates extent of PCB contamination at intertidal area not previously characterized and between historical samples where PCBs concentrations went below SQS in one sample. Near potential cleanup boundary definition based on historical data. Historical data do not indicate that full suite analysis is warranted at this time. Collect subsurface core to determine depth distribution of PCBs in this area. Archive samples for potential full suite depending on results from location 17


Grab 1275382 195682 PCBs

Evaluates PCBs near bank where no debris is observed, in an area not previously characterized historically. Historical analysis in offshore samples (772 and 773) indicates no evidence of historical exceedances of other SMS chemicals except phenol (773). Collect subsurface core to determine depth distribution of PCBs near shore. Sub-surface core will be archived for potential future analysis.

T-117-SE-18 18 Surface Grab 1275425 195670 PCBs Evaluates extent of PCBs in intertidal area near former hotspot (773) and

between historical samples where PCBs concentrations went below SQS in one



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LOCATION ID NUMBER

ON FIGURE SAMPLE EASTING NORTHING ANALYSES RATIONALE sample. Data from historical intertidal sample in the vicinity (773) does not indicate SMS exceedances except phenol


Evaluates extent of PCB contamination at navigation channel for potential cleanup boundary definition. Historical sample (773) nearer shore in intertidal area does not indicate SQS exceedances of any additional SMS chemicals


Grab 1275469 195661 PCBs

Evaluates extent of PCB contamination at intertidal area near former hotspot (773) and offshore of outfall. Near potential cleanup boundary definition based on historical data. Historical intertidal data (773) do not indicate that full SMS suite analysis is warranted at this time. Collect subsurface core to determine depth distribution of PCBs in this area.


Grab 1275423 195627 SMS

Evaluates surface sediment contamination in the sediments near outfall for full SMS. Collect subsurface core to determine depth distribution of PCBs near shore. Core samples below vertical extent of PCB contamination will be analyzed for full suite SMS

T-117-SE-22 22 Surface Grab

1275469 195606 PCBs Evaluates extent of PCBS in intertidal area near former hotspots (773 and 248). Data from historical intertidal sample in the vicinity (773) does not indicate SMS exceedances except phenol


Grab 1275570 195602 PCBs

Evaluate extent of PCB contamination at navigation channel for potential cleanup boundary definition. EPA reserves the right to request further analyses depending on the results of sampling in adjacent areas. Collect subsurface core to determine depth distribution of PCBs in this area.


Grab 1275521 195583 PCBs

Evaluates extent of PCBs in intertidal area. Samples will be archived for additional analysis pending boundary definition and results of seep analyses. Collect subsurface core to determine depth distribution of PCBs in this area.


Grab 1275459 195558 SMS

Evaluates sediment contamination directly adjacent a high flow seep and near historical NOAA sample location with high PCBs. Surface grab analyzed for full SMS and sub-surface core analyzed for PCBs. Core samples below vertical extent of PCB contamination will be analyzed for full suite SMS.


Evaluate PCB distribution in intertidal area where no historical analyses exist. This vicinity was selected to obtain coverage between transects, to obtain distribution of information similar to other transects. Also, this area is directly in front of primary upland source and would demonstrate worst case scenario from this source. Sediments could be resampled for full SMS suite potential in later tiers, depending on the results of sample 25.


Evaluate extent of PCB contamination at navigation channel for potential cleanup boundary definition. EPA reserves the right to request further analyses depending on the results of later tiered sampling at location 26 and 28.


1275548 195505 PCBs Evaluates PCBs in subtidal area not previously characterized. EPA reserves the



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LOCATION ID NUMBER

ON FIGURE SAMPLE EASTING NORTHING ANALYSES RATIONALE right to request further analyses depending on the results of sampling at 26


1275624 195507 PCBs

Evaluate extent of PCB contamination at navigation channel for potential cleanup boundary definition. Historical samples (e.g. 892,893) in the vicinity and nearer shore do not indicate SQS exceedances of any additional SMS chemicals.


Grab 1275576 195476 PCBs

Evaluates extent of PCB contamination in intertidal area offshore of PCB removal area. Near potential cleanup boundary definition based on historical data. Historical data in intertidal area (892) in the vicinity did not identify need for full SMS suite analysis. Collect subsurface core to determine depth distribution of PCBs in this area. Depending on results of tiered analysis on near shore samples, archived sediment cores may potentially be analyzed for full suite.

T-117-SE-31 31 Core and surface Grab

1275527 195443 PCBs

Sediments directly adjacent asphalt debris area - PCBs may be present. Historical sample in the intertidal vicinity (892) did not identify need for full suite SMS analysis. Sub-surface core samples will be archived for potential future analysis.


1275607 195443 PCBs Evaluates extent of PCB contamination just outside of intertidal area near former PCB removal area. Historical data in the vicinity (892, 893) did not identify need for full suite SMS analysis


1275545 195409 SMS Sediments collected with minor seep water samples to determine whether seep may be contributing SMS analytes to sediment


1275576 195395 PCBs Evaluate PCBs distribution in intertidal area near outfall and former PCB hotspot (892). Historical results from 892 did not identify need for full SMS suite analysis.


Grab 1275668 195436 PCBs

Evaluate PCB contamination at navigation channel for potential cleanup boundary definition. Historical samples (e.g. 892,893) in the vicinity and nearer shore do not indicate SQS exceedances of any additional SMS chemicals. Collect subsurface core to determine depth distribution of PCBs in this area.


Grab 1275611 195399 PCBs

Evaluates extent of PCB contamination in intertidal area offshore of outfall. Near potential cleanup boundary definition based on historical data. Historical data in intertidal area (892, 774) in the vicinity did not identify need for full suite SMS analysis, although such analysis could occur in later tiers on archived cores depending on boundary definition and result of Sample #37. Collect subsurface core to determine depth distribution of PCBs in this area.


Grab 1275563 195369 SMS

Evaluate PCBs distribution near shore to outfall and former PCB hotspot (892).Surface grab analyzed for full SMS Collect subsurface core to determine depth distribution of PCBs near shore. Core samples below vertical extent of PCB contamination will be analyzed for full suite SMS



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LOCATION ID NUMBER

ON FIGURE SAMPLE EASTING NORTHING ANALYSES RATIONALE


1275692 195367 PCBs Evaluate PCB contamination at navigation channel for potential cleanup boundary definition. Historical samples (e.g. 774) nearer shore in intertidal area do not indicate SQS exceedances of any additional SMS chemicals.


1275580 195318 SMS Sediments collected with minor seep water samples to determine whether seep may be contributing SMS analytes to sediment


1275612 195282 PCBs Evaluate PCB gradients near former PCB hotspot (249). Historical sample in the intertidal vicinity (774) did not identify need for full suite analysis.


Evaluate PCB contamination at navigation channel for potential cleanup boundary definition. Nearby historical samples (e.g. 774) nearer shore in intertidal area do not indicate SQS exceedances of any additional SMS chemicals


Grab 1275662 195278 PCBs

Evaluates extent of PCB contamination in intertidal area offshore of outfall. Near potential cleanup boundary definition based on historical data. Historical data in intertidal area (774) in the vicinity did not identify need for full suite SMS analysis. Collect subsurface core to determine depth distribution of PCBs in this area.


Grab 1275600 195237 PCBs

Evaluate PCBs distribution near shore to outfall and former PCB hotspot (249). Collect subsurface core to determine depth distribution of PCBs near shore. Evaluates PCBs adjacent to bank debris area. Core should be archived for potential full SMS suite analysis based on boundary definition.


1275669 195221 PCBs

Evaluates extent of PCB contamination in intertidal area near historical former NOAA PCB hotspot (249) and near outfall. Near potential cleanup boundary definition based on historical data. Historical data in intertidal area (774, 894) at southern area of the site did not identify need for full suite analysis. Depending on results of 45, area could be resampled for further analysis.

T-117-SE-45 45 Surface Grab 1275631 195176 SMS Evaluates surface sediment contamination in the sediments adjacent outfall for

full SMS


Evaluates PCB distribution near southern boundary of site. Near potential cleanup boundary definition based on historical data. Sediments may be resampled and analyzed further in later tiers depending on the results of sample 45 analyses.

T-117-SE-9 T-117-SE-11 T-117-SE-12 T-117-SE-14

9,11,12,14 Composite

1275177 195760

PCBs Evaluate remediation boundary for PCBs. Archive for full SMS suite analysis pending boundary definition

1275220 195764 1275274 195761

1275336 195715




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3.1.5 Drainage ditch

Two soil samples will be collected in the southern drainage ditch, 5 and 10 ft inland of the high water line. Drainage ditch locations, sample analyses and rationale are presented in Table 3-5. The soil samples will be collected from the upper 6 inches (15 cm) of the soil column. The soil samples will be analyzed for full suite SMS analytes (Table 2-3).

No sampling is planned for the drainage ditch at the north side of T-117 (between South Park Marina and T-117) as none of the runoff from T-117 enters this ditch. It primarily conveys roof downspout drainage from the buildings at the south side of the marina toward the LDW.

Table 3-5. Drainage ditch locations

LOCATION ID EASTING NORTHING ANALYSES RATIONALE

T117-DS1 1275595 195174 SMS Evaluate potential of source to recontaminate sediment

T117-DS2 1275553 195173 SMS Evaluate potential of source to recontaminate sediment

3.1.6 Groundwater tidal study and sampling

After completion of the soil borings, two of the boreholes will be completed as groundwater monitoring wells MW-5 and MW-6. These new wells, screened in the same water-bearing zones as MW-2 and MW-4, will complete the shoreline monitoring network. Once the network is completed, a 24-hour tidal study will monitor water levels and the presence and thickness of floating product in the four shoreline wells and the existing upgradient well MW-3 to determine when groundwater in the wells is most representative of upgradient conditions and whether there is product exchange between upgradient and downgradient wells.

Groundwater samples will be obtained from the four shoreline wells during low negative tides1 at the maximum point of tidally-influenced “drawdown” in the well as predicted by the results of the tidal study. The wells will be sampled using low-flow techniques to limit the potential of capturing soil particles in the water samples which can give a false indication of chemical presence. Water samples will be tested for PCBs, PAHs, VOCs, TOC, and TSS. Additional analytes may be tested in groundwater based on SQS exceedances of SMS analytes in the sediment results. Water samples will also be measured in the field for dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, temperature, conductivity (spc), and oxygen-redox potential (ORP) and turbidity.

Monitoring well locations, sample analyses and rationale are presented in Table 3-6.

1 Negative tides during the first 2 weeks in December are at night between 9pm and 2 am. http://www.saltwatertides.com/dynamic.dir/washingtonsites.html



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Table 3-6. Well locations

LOCATION

ID EASTING NORTHING ANALYSESa RATIONALE

T117-MW-2 TBD* TBD* PCBs, PAHs VOCs, TSS tidal/product monitoring

Evaluating groundwater-to-surface water pathway as potential sediment contaminant source

T117-MW-3 TBD* TBD* Tidal/product monitoring Evaluating potential exchange of product to downgradient well

T117-MW-4 TBD* TBD* PCBs, PAHs VOCs, TSS tidal/product monitoring


T117-MW-5 1275527 195443 PCBs, PAHs VOCs, TSS tidal/product monitoring


T117-MW-6 1275468 195541 PCBs, PAHs VOCs, TSS tidal/product monitoring


Datum = Washington State Plane North, NAD83, US survey ft a Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, temperature, conductivity (spc), and oxygen-redox potential (ORP) and turbidity

will be measured in the field

TBD*-based on field gps

3.1.7 Shoreline asphalt mapping

The locations of large concentrated roofing/shingle plant-era asphalt outcrops in the shoreline bank and south ditch will be identified and mapped on the survey base map provided by the Port of Seattle Surveyor. A photograph of each deposit will be taken and keyed into the map using numeric labels and a legend. A descriptive (narrative) log of observed asphalt mass characteristics will also be prepared in the field and included in the data report. The quantities of debris will be estimated, where possible. However, since some asphalt masses are partially or mostly buried, an accurate volume estimate may not be feasible.

3.2 SAMPLING METHODS

All field activities will be performed under the direction of the FC or other oversight personnel and EPA oversight as appropriate. Sampling will be accomplished by a joint operation of Windward, Onsite and DOF staff. Soil borings will be accomplished under the direction of DOF with assistance from a drill rig company. Sediment sampling will be accomplished under the direction of Windward with assistance from Marine Sampling Systems. Sediment sampling will be conducted aboard the R/V Nancy Anne under the direction of Mr. Bill Jaworski. The vessel will be staffed, at a minimum, with the captain, two field technicians, and the FC. Groundwater monitoring, seep sampling, catch basin grabs and drainage ditch sampling will by conducted under direction from Onsite and EPA oversight as appropriate. Intertidal sediment and seep sampling may be conducted by a variety of methods dependent on



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field conditions. The various sampling options are discussed below and will be discussed further with EPA if necessary.

3.2.1 Station and sample identification

Each location shown on Figure 3-1 has been assigned a unique number to facilitate viewing the overall sample design on a single map. However, the locations IDs shown on Section 3.1 tables differ from the unique numbers used on Figure 3-1. The location ID naming convention is described below. The first four characters are T117, to designate the T-117 area. The next two characters identify the type of location, based on the medium to be sampled, followed by consecutive numbers to identify the specific location within the T-117 area:

◆ SE – sediment location, followed by consecutive numbers from 7 to 46

◆ SW – seep water location, followed by consecutive numbers from 1 to 3

◆ MW – monitoring well location, followed by the monitoring well number from 2 to 6

◆ SB – soil boring location, followed by consecutive numbers from 1 to 6

◆ CB – catch basin soil location, followed by 1 or 5, which corresponds with the catch basin’s number

◆ DS – drainage ditch soil location, followed by consecutive numbers 1 or 3

Sample ID will be the same as location IDs with the exception of the ones described below. Sample IDs would be similar to the location IDs, but would also contain additional information as follows:

◆ SE followed by SC – sediment subsurface core sample, followed the sediment location, followed by characters identifying the depth interval of sediment collected, e.g., 02=0 to 2 ft, 24=2 to 4 ft, 46= 4 to 6 ft, 68= 6 to 8 ft, 810= 8 to 10 ft or by SG – sediment surface grab. The composite sample will be identified as T-117-SE-SG-comp1.

◆ SB followed by two characters identifying the depth interval of sediment collected, e.g., 01 = 0 to 2.5 ft, 02= 2.5 to 5 ft, 03 = 5 to 7.5 ft, 04 = 7.5 to 10 ft, 05 = 10 to 15 ft, 06= 15 to 20 ft

◆ CB followed FF- for samples collected from the filter fabric or SP from samples collected from the sump

Field QA/QC samples will be assigned modified sample identifiers as described below:

◆ Field duplicates will be assigned the same sample ID as the sample it came from, followed by the next available number in the sequence. For example, the field duplicate collected from surface sediment station 1 would be T117-SE-SG-47



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◆ Field replicates will be assigned the same sample ID as the sample it came from, followed by FR. For example, the field replicate collected from seep sample 1 would be T117-SW-1-FR

◆ Rinsate blanks will be assigned the same characters as the station identifier, followed by the identifier “RB.” For example, the rinsate blank collected at surface sediment station 1 would be T117-SE-SG-1-RB.

3.2.2 Field operations and sample collection equipment

The following sections provide information on vessel positioning and sampling methods for sediment collection.

3.2.2.1 Navigation and positioning

Land

Seep, hand-collected sediment, and drainage ditch sampling location coordinates will be identified by a handheld WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System) enabled GPS unit. The GPS unit will receive GPS signals from satellites to produce positioning accuracy to within 3 meters. Washington State Plane coordinates North (NAD 83) will be used for the horizontal datum. Soil boring locations will also be identified by a Port surveyor.

Water

Sediment sampling locations will be surveyed using a Trimble NT300D differential global positioning system (DGPS). The DGPS includes a global positioning system (GPS) receiver unit onboard the sampling vessel and a Coast Guard beacon differential receiver. The GPS unit will receive radio broadcasts of GPS signals from satellites. The Coast Guard beacon receiver will acquire corrections to the GPS signals to produce positioning accuracy to within 1-2 m.

Northing and easting coordinates of the vessel will be updated every second and displayed directly on a computer aboard the vessel. The coordinates will then be processed in real time and stored at the time of sampling using the positioning data management software package HYPACK®. Washington State Plane Coordinates, North (NAD 83) will be used for the horizontal datum. The vertical datum will be the National Ocean Service mean lower low water (MLLW) datum. Vertical control will be provided by the ship’s depth finder and corrected for tidal influence. Tide elevation will be determined by calling the National Ocean Service for data from their automated tide gage located at Pier 54 (206.749.9218).

To ensure the accuracy of the navigation system, a checkpoint will be located at a known point such as a pier face, dock, piling, or similar structure that is accessible by the sampling vessel. At the beginning and end of each day, the vessel will be stationed at the check point, a GPS position reading will be taken, and the reading will be compared with the known land-survey coordinates. The two position readings should agree, within the limits of survey vessel operational mobility, to within 1-2 m.



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An onboard computer will display the vessel’s position during sampling operations. Proposed coordinates (Table 3-4) will have been previously stored in the vessel’s computer. The proposed station location will be displayed on the area map on the computer screen, and the vessel’s location will be displayed as a moving dot on that map. The range and bearing from the vessel to the proposed station location (target position) will be displayed on the screen. The scale of the grid will be magnified as the vessel nears the proposed station location. During sampling, vessel position can be monitored constantly using this computer display. Actual sample location coordinates will be determined when the sampler is on the bottom, and the cable is taut and perpendicular to the water surface.

3.2.2.2 Catch basin grab samples

After clearing soil or other debris away from the catch basin grate, it will be opened to provide access to the basin interior. If filter fabric is present, it will be noted. Soil that has accumulated on any filter fabric inside the basin will be sampled using a stainless steel sampling spoon. The fabric will be removed and a separate sample of soil will be obtained with a stainless steel spoon and homogenized in a stainless steel mixing bowl. If water is present in the sump, a hand held grab sampler will be used and any overlying water will be siphoned off. Homogenized soil will be distributed to appropriate sample containers according to the sample requirements identified in Table 3-7, secure the container lids, and ensure that sample labels are completely and correctly filled out and affixed to the containers. One duplicate sample will be obtained in the field. All samples will be recorded in the field log book and chain of custody record. Standard equipment decontamination procedures as described in Section 3.2.4 will be followed between samples. Samples will be stored in a cooler until delivery to the analytical laboratory. Photographs will be taken of all samples and sample locations.

3.2.2.3 Seep sample collection

Seep sampling method will be based on field judgment, since the flow rate of seeps can vary. Methods will be discussed with EPA prior to sampling and EPA oversight will be present to assist with sampling to ensure that most appropriate methods are used. Potential methods include:

◆ Excavate a pit in the shoreline sediment that water can pool into and collect water directly from pit into a vessel

◆ Bury a horizontal piezometer (a small half-pipe) in front of the seep and then allow sufficient time for the resulting suspended sediment to settle before collecting a sample

◆ For the active seep, it may be possible to place a piece of tubing, such as that used for sampling monitoring wells, directly into the flow and flush the water directly into a glass sampling vessel



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The flow rate of the active seep will be measured. Flow rates for smaller seeps will be measured, if practical. Otherwise, their flow rates will be estimated. Flow rate will be calculated by using a stop-watch to measure the rate at which seep water fills a container of known volume. The container will be buried in the mudflat directly downstream of the seep and will be of sufficient width to receive the flow. All seep samples will be centrifuged prior to analysis to ensure that no sediment is in the water sample and placed into appropriate bottles (Table 3-8).

3.2.2.4 Soil boring and monitoring well construction

Soil Borings

Soil borings and well installations will be conducted using a hollow-stem auger drill deployed from a drill rig. The sampling data will be recorded on the field log (Form 5).

Soil samples will be collected using the SPT methods (ASTM D 1586). A 2-in. outside diameter split-barrel sampler is driven a distance of 18 in. with a 140-lb drive hammer, providing SPT data for engineering evaluation, and soil samples for analytical testing.

Samples will be collected on 2.5-ft centers starting at the ground surface. Each soil sample will be visually classified in general accordance with ASTM D 2487 (Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes) and then saved in laboratory provided containers (Table 3-7). If stratified soil conditions are encountered in the borings, care will be taken to place only one material type in each jar. Standard equipment decontamination procedures as described in Section 3.2.4 will be followed between samples and between borings, including steam cleaning of the auger prior to each boring.

There is potential that the auger could run into asphalt or other large obstructions while boring. For asphalt, the boring will be rejected since the asphalt will physically mix and be carried down by the auger flights, making it difficult to obtain a representative soil sample because of the presence of potentially pure product. This problem may be amplified if the auger is warmed from friction with soil. Any asphalt will be logged and observations will be recorded to assist in the bank remediation design. For large obstructions, the boring will be accepted to the obtainable depth, but another boring attempt will be made to reach the desired depth. Another boring will be attempted within 6 ft of the proposed location. If a sample cannot be obtained to represent the bank soil conditions, a different sample location may be selected.

Within each boring, a representative soil sample will be collected at 2.5-ft intervals from 0-10 ft, and then at 5-ft intervals to the bottom (15-20 ft) for physical and analytical testing. This will result in 5-6 soil samples being collected per boring for a maximum of 36 samples. Soil samples will be collected and placed into laboratory-supplied containers, placed in coolers, and delivered to the laboratory in accordance with the QAPP. A total of four to six samples will be submitted for physical testing selected to represent the major soil units found in the borings.



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Two boreholes will be completed as monitoring wells MW-5 and MW-6. The well screens will be constructed of 2-in. diameter slotted PVC pipe, constructed in accordance with Part 3 of the Washington Standards for Construction and Maintenance of Wells (WAC 173-360). The wells will be screened in the same water-bearing zone as existing wells MW-2 and MW-4. The filter pack, consisting of 10-20 or 20-40 sand, will extend from the bottom of the well to roughly 1 ft above the screen. Bentonite chips and slurry will be used to backfill the balance of the well to within 2-4 ft of site grade. The top 2-3 ft will be filled with concrete. A flush-mounted surface monument will be installed to complete the installation. The wells will be developed with a submersible pump until turbidity is stabilized.

3.2.2.5 Sediment core collection

Subsurface sampling will be conducted using a vibracorer deployed from the R/V Nancy Anne. The vibracorer consists of a vibrating power head attached a 14-ft long, 3.75-inch diameter core barrel. Sediment core samples will be collected by boat according to the following procedures:

1. The sampling vessel will be maneuvered to the proposed sampling location.

2. The vibracorer and a decontaminated core tube will be deployed.

3. Continuous core samples will be collected to a depth of the project requirements or until refusal.

4. The depth of core penetration will be measured and recorded.

5. The sample core tube will be extracted, and the assembly will be retrieved aboard the vessel or on land.

6. The core sample will be evaluated at the visible ends of the core tube to verify retention of the sediment in the core tube. If accepted (see criteria below), the core tube will be capped and prepared for transport (modifications may have to be made in the field based on sample recovery and penetration depth).

7. Core samples will be taken immediately to the processing laboratory following collection, or will be cut into sections approximately 4 ft long using a core tube cutter. The smaller core sections will be kept on ice in an insulated core box until transport to the processing laboratory. Any segmented and sectioned cores will be capped with foil or an expansion plug to prevent contamination or loss of sample. Appropriate decontamination procedures will be followed for the foil or plug before contact with sediment.

8. The core tube exterior will be labeled with the sample identification, depth, and directional arrows indicating the “up” end.

9. Core samples or core sections will be kept in an insulated core box with ice until transport to the processing laboratory.

Sediment core logging and processing will be done in at ARI.



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Acceptance criteria for a sediment core sample are as follows: 1) material is collected to an acceptable depth, 2) recovery is greater than 75%, and 3) the core tube appears intact without obstructions or blocking.

If sample acceptance criteria are not achieved, the sample will be rejected. If repeated deployment within 10 m of the proposed location does not result in a sample that meets the appropriate acceptance criteria, a different sample location may be selected.

The final core processing will be as follows:

◆ Tubes will be extruded by use of a core press, or by vibrating the core tube, or by elevating the tube at an angle and gently tapping the tube. The extruded sediment will be collected into a stainless steel container.

◆ The extruded sample will be visually classified and the following information will be recorded:

♦ Elevation of bed at sample location

♦ Recovered sample length

♦ Physical soil description (soil type and color, stratification)

♦ Other distinguishing characteristics or features

◆ One foot core segments for the first two feet of the core and two-foot segments for the remaining core sample will be collected for chemical testing into stainless steel mixing bowls. If stratified sediment conditions are encountered in the cores, care will be taken to include only one material type in each sample.

The collected sample will be thoroughly homogenized and distributed to sample containers described in Table 3-7. Organisms and debris will be removed prior to distribution to sample containers; removed materials will be noted in the field logbooks.

All sample containers will be labeled on the outside in indelible ink with the sample identification number, date collected, and analysis to be performed.

3.2.2.6 Surface sediment sample collection

Sediment collection and processing will follow standardized procedures for the Puget Sound area that have been developed by PSEP (1997c). Surface sediments may be collected from a boat or by hand.

Surface sediments will be collected from each station from the 0- to 10-cm sediment interval to represent the biologically active horizon and to compare directly with previous surface sediment studies conducted in the T-117 area. Approximately 1 L of sediment will be required from each station (see Section 3.2.3.1).



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Boat Collection

Surface sediment samples will be collected using a 0.3 m2 hydraulic power grab sampler. The general procedure for collecting sediment samples using this type of grab sampler is described below.

1. Maneuver the sampling vessel to the pre-identified sampling location.

2. Open the grab sampler jaws into the deployment position.

3. Guide the sampler overboard until it is clear of the vessel.

4. Lower the sampler through the water column to the bottom at approximately 0.3 m/s.

5. Record the location of the boat when the sampler reaches bottom.

6. Retrieve the sampler and raise it at approximately 0.3 m/s.

7. Guide the sampler aboard the vessel and place it on the work stand on the deck; using care to avoid jostling that might disturb the integrity of the sample.

8. Examine the sample using the following sediment acceptance criteria:

♦ The sample does not contain foreign objects

♦ The sampler is not over-filled with sediment so that the sediment surface presses against the top of the sampler

♦ No leakage has occurred, as indicated by overlying water on the sediment surface

♦ No sample disturbance has occurred, as indicated by limited turbidity in the overlying water

♦ No winnowing has occurred, as indicated by a relatively flat undisturbed surface

♦ A penetration depth of at least 12 cm has been achieved

If these sample acceptance criteria are not achieved, reject the sample. If a sample that meets the appropriate acceptance criteria cannot be obtained after 4 attempts and within 10 m of the proposed location, the station may be relocated or deleted.

9. Siphon off any standing water from the surface of the sediment using a hose primed with site water. Be careful during siphoning not to disturb the integrity of the sediment surface.

10. Collect the upper 10 cm of sediments from the sampler using a stainless-steel spoon. Take care not to include any material that has been in contact with any interior sampler surface. Place the sediment in a stainless-steel mixing bowl.



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11. Thoroughly rinse the interior of the sampler with site water until all loose sediment has been washed off.

12. Repeat the sampling process until sufficient sediment volume is obtained from the station to satisfy the analytical requirements or for the composite sample until all locations have been sampled.

13. Homogenize the sediment using a cordless drill with a stainless-steel mixing paddle or by hand with a stainless steel spoon.

14. Distribute the homogenized sediment to appropriate sample containers according to the sample requirements identified in Table 3-7, secure the container lids, and ensure that sample labels are completely and correctly filled out and affixed to the containers.

15. Clean the exterior of all sample containers and store in an ice chest at 4°C.

16. Thoroughly decontaminate the sampler and homogenization equipment by following the procedure in Section 3.2.4.

17. Ensure that all logbook and grab sample log sheet entries are complete.

18. Proceed to the next proposed sampling location.

Hand Collection

Surface sediment collection by hand will be accomplished by walking onto the intertidal zone at low tide and collecting sediment with handheld core samplers.

1. Firmly press sampler into sediment

2. Insert plate when desired depth is achieved

3. Examine the sample using the following sediment acceptance criteria:

♦ The sample does not contain foreign objects

♦ The sampler is not over-filled with sediment so that the sediment surface presses against the top of the sampler

♦ A penetration depth of at least 10 cm has been achieved

If these sample acceptance criteria are not achieved, reject the sample. If a sample that meets the appropriate acceptance criteria cannot be obtained after 4 attempts and within 10 m of the proposed location, the station may be relocated or deleted.

Follow steps 10-18 as described above.

3.2.2.7 Drainage ditch sample collection

Soil and sediment samples will be obtained using stainless steel sampling spoons and homogenized in stainless steel mixing bowls prior to placement in the sample jar. Large pebbles or organic debris will be discarded. Vegetation overlying the sample



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location will be cleared away leaving exposed surface soil. The sample will be obtained from the upper 6-inches (15 cm) of the soil or upper 10 cm of the sediment column. The six-inch depth was selected to conform to surface soil sampling depth used by previous investigators, including the 1994 ARCS, EPA Region 10 Site Inspection by URS (URS 1994). The soil samples will be homogenized in a stainless steel mixing bowl and distributed to appropriate sample containers according to the sample requirements identified in Table 3-7. One duplicate sample will be obtained in the field. Prior to homogenizing, a sub-sample (non-homogenized) of each soil sample will be placed in a jar, allowed to equilibrate, and the headspace checked for ionizing vapors using a photoionization detector (PID). The headspace subsample will be discarded.

All samples will be labeled, recorded in the field log book and sample collection form, and chain of custody record. Photographs will be taken of all samples and sample locations. Samples will be stored in a cooler until delivery to the analytical laboratory.

3.2.2.8 Monitoring well tidal study and sample collection

The 24-hour tidal study will be monitored using an electric water level or interface meter over a 24-hour period to evaluate response to tidal influences in the adjacent LDW. This study will be performed when there is sufficient tidal range to estimate maximum influences (i.e., during negative tides). The presence and thickness of floating product will also be noted and measured using an interface meter. A graph of estimated groundwater fluctuations in each well relative to waterway tide levels will be prepared as part of the data report.

The two newly-constructed wells (MW-5 and MW-6) and existing shoreline wells (MW-2 and MW-4) will be sampled using low-flow techniques to limit the potential of capturing soil particles in the water samples which can give a false indication of chemical presence. Low-flow purging will continue until turbidity is stabilized. The field parameters which will be measured in the field are turbidity, dissolved oxygen, pH, redox, temperature, and conductivity. At a minimum, dissolved oxygen will be measured using a flow through-cell. Monitoring wells with the least contamination will be sampled first. The following general procedure will be used for sample collection, with field adjustments as necessary for low volume producing wells:

1. Check and record the condition of the well for any damage or evidence of tempering.

2. Unlock well head and then remove PVC cap from inner casing. 3. Measure and record the depth to water with an electronic water level device

and record the measurement in the field logbook. Check for floating product and record the presence/estimated thickness in the field logbook. Do not measure the depth to the bottom of the well at this time (to avoid disturbing any sediment that may have accumulated). Calculate volume of the water column as: depth of water multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the well.



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4. Lay out the polyethylene sheeting and place the monitoring, purging and sampling equipment on the sheeting. To avoid cross-contamination, do not let any down-hole equipment touch the ground.

5. Re-check and record the depth to verify the well is at the desired water level relative to the tidal influence. Begin well purging.

6. Attach and secure new polyethylene tubing to the low-flow pump (peristaltic). Slowly lower the tubing into the well; place the tubing at the midpoint of the screen.

7. Start pumping the well at a flow rate of 0.3 to 0.5 L/min, maintain a steady flow rate.

8. The water level in the well should be monitored during pumping, and ideally the pump rate should equal the well recharge rate with little or no water level drawdown in the well. Record the pumping rate and depth(s) to water in the logbook. If the recharge rate of the well is very low and the well is purged dry, then the sampler must wait until the well recharges to a sufficient level and then collect the appropriate volume of sample.

9. The well should be purged at a low-flow rate (0.3 to 0.5 L/min). During the purging, the field parameters must be monitored and recorded for every sample tube volume (tubing from midpoint in the screen the point of discharge). Once three successive readings of the field parameters agree within ± 10%, then the purge water is considered stabilized and sampling may begin.

10. Sampling rate should be the same rate as the purge rate in order to minimize sample disturbance.

11. Distribute water to appropriate sample containers according to the sample requirements identified in Table 3-8, secure the container lids, and ensure that sample labels are completely and correctly filled out and affixed to the containers.

12. When the sampling has ended, but prior to turning the pump off, one last reading and recording of the field parameters must be made.

13. After sampling is completed, measure the total depth of the well. 14. Close and lock the well. 15. Between sampling locations, all nondedicated sampling equipment must be

disposed of or decontaminated. Tubing will be disposed.

Water samples will be collected and placed into laboratory-supplied containers, placed in coolers, and delivered to the laboratory.

3.2.3 Sample handling procedures

This section describes how individual samples will be processed, labeled, tracked, stored, and transported to the laboratory for analysis.

3.2.3.1 Sample containers and sample labels

The analytical laboratories will provide pre-cleaned sample containers. Sediment samples will be placed in appropriate-sized, certified-clean, wide-mouth glass jars and



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capped with Teflon®-lined lids. All sample containers will be filled leaving a minimum of 1 cm of headspace to prevent breakage during shipping and storage. The types of sample containers to be used and sample volume for sediment are summarized in Table 3-7. Each jar will be sealed, completely labeled, and stored under appropriate conditions as outlined in Table 2-1.

Table 3-7. Sample volume required and storage contai ners for sediment and soil

PARAMETER CONTAINER LABORATORY

Volatile organics 1 2-oz glass vial w/ septa cap ARI

Metals 1 4-oz glass jar ARI

Total PCBs, semi-volatile organics, TBTa 1 16-oz glass jar a ARI

TOC 1 4-oz glass jar ARI

Grain size - sieve/hydrometer 2 16-oz glass jar ARI

Grain size 1 16-oz glass jar ARI

Detailed core logging (includes, bulk density, moisture content, pocket penetrometer and Torr Vane readings) photos

Entire sediment core ARI

Atterberg Limits 1 16-oz glass jar ARI

Specific gravity of solids 1 16-oz glass jar ARI

Archive 1 16 oz or 32 oz glass jar ARI

a A single container will be used for these analyses.

Water samples will be placed in appropriate-sized, certified-clean, glass bottles capped with Teflon®-lined lids. All sample containers will be filled leaving a minimum of 1 cm of headspace to prevent breakage during shipping and storage. The types of sample containers to be used and sample volume for water are summarized in Table 3-8. Each bottle will be sealed, completely labeled, and stored under appropriate conditions as outlined in Table 2-1.

Table 3-8. Sample volume required and storage contai ners for water

PARAMETER CONTAINER

TOC 250 ml HDPE bottle w/ preservative

Volatile organics 340 ml glass vial w/ septa cap

Total suspended solids 1 L HDPE bottle

PAHs 2 500 ml amber glass bottle

Total PCBs 1 L amber glass bottle

HDPE – High-density polyethylene

Sample labels will be waterproof and self-adhering. Each sample label will contain the project number, sample identification, preservation technique, analyses, date and time of collection, and initials of the person(s) preparing the sample. A completed sample label will be affixed to each sample container. The labels will be covered with clear tape immediately after they have been completed to protect them from water and sediment.



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3.2.3.2 Sampling contingencies

There may be contingencies during field activities that require modification of the general procedures outlined above. Modification of procedures will be at the discretion of the FC after consultation with the Project Manager and the boat operator, if applicable. The Port and EPA will be notified in the event that significant deviations from the sampling plan are required. All modifications will be recorded in the logbook.

3.2.4 Decontamination procedures

All sediment and soil homogenizing equipment, which includes the mixing bowl and stainless-steel implements, and water collection equipment will be decontaminated, based on PSEP (1997a) guidelines, between locations or samples using the following procedures:

1. Rinse with site or distilled water and wash with scrub brush until free of sediment or soil.

2. Wash with phosphate-free detergent.

3. Rinse with site or distilled water.

4. Rinse with distilled water.

The grab sampler will also be decontaminated between locations by following steps 1 through 4 listed above.

Acid or solvent washes will not be used in the field because of safety considerations and problems associated with rinsate disposal and sample integrity. Specifically:

◆ The use of acids or organic solvents may pose a safety hazard to the crew

◆ Disposal and spillage of acids and solvents during field activities pose an environmental concern

◆ Residues of solvents and acids on sampling equipment may affect sample integrity for chemical testing

Any sampling equipment that cannot be cleaned to the satisfaction of the FC will not be used for any further sampling activity.

3.2.5 Field-generated waste disposal

Excess substrate remaining after all sampling is completed, generated equipment rinsates, and decontamination water will be returned to the site. Decontamination water generated from soil boring activities will be stored in drums on site and properly disposed of after completion of sampling. All disposable sampling materials and personnel protective equipment used in sample processing, such as disposable coveralls, gloves, and paper towels, will be placed in heavyweight garbage bags or other appropriate containers. Disposable supplies will be removed from the site by



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sampling personnel and placed in a normal refuse container for disposal as solid waste.

3.3 SAMPLE HANDLING AND CUSTODY

Sample custody is a critical aspect of environmental investigations. Sample possession and handling must be traceable from the time of sample collection, through laboratory and data analysis, to the time sample results are ready to be introduced as evidence. This section describes the minimum project requirements for sample handling and custody procedures.

3.3.1 Sample custody procedures

Samples are considered to be in custody if they are: 1) in the custodian’s possession or view, 2) retained in a secured place (under lock) with restricted access, or 3) placed in a container and secured with an official seal(s) such that the sample cannot be reached without breaking the seal(s). Custody procedures will be used for all samples throughout the collection, transport, and analytical process, and for all data and data documentation whether in hard copy or electronic format. Custody procedures will be initiated during sediment sample collection. A COC form will accompany samples to the analytical laboratory. Each person who has custody of the samples will sign the COC form and ensure that the samples are not left unattended unless properly secured. Minimum documentation of sample handling and custody will include:

◆ Sample location, project name, and unique sample number

◆ Sample collection date and time

◆ Any special notations on sample characteristics or problems

◆ Initials of the person collecting the sample

◆ Date sample was sent to the laboratory

◆ Shipping company name and waybill number

The Laboratory Project Managers at each laboratory will ensure that COC forms are properly signed upon receipt of the samples and will note questions or observations concerning sample integrity on the COC forms. The laboratories will contact the Project QA/QC Coordinator immediately if discrepancies are discovered between the COC forms and the sample shipment upon receipt. The temperature inside the cooler(s) will be checked upon receipt of the samples. The Laboratory Project Manager will specifically note any coolers that do not contain ice packs or that are not sufficiently cold (4 ± 2°C) upon receipt. Each sample will be assigned a unique laboratory number, and samples will be grouped in appropriate sample delivery groups.



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All samples will be handled so as to prevent contamination or loss of any sample. Samples will be assigned a specific storage area within the laboratory and will be kept there until analyzed.

The Laboratory Project Manager will ensure that a sample-tracking record follows each sample through all stages of laboratory processing. The sample-tracking record must contain, at a minimum, the name/initials of responsible individuals performing the analyses, dates of sample extraction/preparation and analysis, and the type of analysis being performed.

3.3.2 Shipping requirements and receipt

The FC will be responsible for all sample tracking and custody procedures for samples in the field. She will be responsible for final sample inventory and will maintain sample custody documentation. She will also complete COC forms prior to removing samples from the sampling area. At the end of each day, and prior to transfer, COC entries will be made for all samples. Finally, information on the labels will be checked against sample log entries, and sample tracking forms and samples will be recounted. COC forms will accompany all samples. The COC forms will be signed at each point of transfer. Copies of all COC forms will be retained and included as appendices to QA/QC reports.

Sample coolers containing samples for chemical and grain-size analyses will be hand-carried to ARI in Tukwila, Washington. The Laboratory Project Managers will ensure that COC forms are properly signed upon receipt of the samples, and will note questions or observations concerning sample integrity on the COC records. The Laboratory Project Manager will contact the FC immediately if discrepancies between the COC forms and the sample shipment are discovered upon receipt. The laboratory QA Officer will specifically note any coolers that are not sufficiently cold upon receipt. The laboratory will not dispose of the environmental samples for this project until notified in writing by the FC or the Port.

3.4 ANALYTICAL METHODS REQUIREMENTS

The methods of chemical analysis are identified in Table 2-1. All methods selected represent standard methods used for the analysis of these analytes in sediments, soil and water. The laboratory project manager will determine the remedy to be utilized if the project MDL cannot be attained in consultation with Windward QA/QC coordinator and the EPA.

Prior to analysis of the seep water, samples will be centrifuge to remove any sediment that may be suspended in the water.

The archived samples will be held in either a 16-oz or 32-oz glass jars at -15°C for no longer than 1 year.

The laboratory will provide the chemical analysis results four weeks following the delivery of the samples.



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3.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL

3.5.1 Field quality control criteria

Although validation guidelines have not been established for field quality control samples, their analysis is useful in identifying possible problems resulting from sample collection or sample processing in the field. All field quality control samples will be documented in the field logbook and verified by the Project QA/QC Coordinator or a designee.

Field QA/QC samples will be used to evaluate the efficiency of field decontamination procedures and variability due to sample handling. Four types of field QA/QC samples will be collected during each sampling event: rinsate blank for the sampling equipment, field duplicate, field replicate, and a trip blank for volatiles. These sample types are further described below. Locations for collection of field QA/QC samples will be selected in the field by the FC.

3.5.1.1 Rinsate blanks

Rinsate blanks are used to assess whether and to what degree contamination is crossing from one sample to the next during sample collection or processing. A rinsate blank is created by rinsing the decontaminated sample processing equipment with deionized water. This water is collected in a clean jar and submitted to the laboratory for analysis. A minimum of one rinsate blank per 20 samples for the collection and processing equipment will be submitted for chemical analysis. If a particular sample is suspected of being highly contaminated, a rinsate blank will be collected after processing that sample. The rinsate blank will be submitted to the laboratory in the same manner as the environmental samples and will be analyzed for the same analytes. If any chemicals of concern are detected in the rinsate blank, samples may be qualified or rejected depending on the magnitude of the concentration. The EPA project manager will be involved in determining the validity of the data.

3.5.1.2 Homogenate duplicate samples

A minimum of one duplicate sample will be collected from the material homogenized from one field sample for each type of sample (water, sediment, and soil) and submitted for the same analyses as the field samples to evaluate heterogeneity attributable to sampling handling. Duplicate samples for VOCs will be collected prior to homogenization. A minimum of one field duplicate will be submitted per 20 samples. The RPD for homogenate duplicate samples will be within 75% for soil/sediment and within 50% for water.

3.5.1.3 Replicate samples

A minimum of one replicate sample will be collected with a field sample for water samples and submitted for the same analyses as the field samples to evaluate variability in the field. A minimum of one field replicate will be submitted per 20 samples.



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3.5.1.4 Trip blanks

Trip blanks will be used to determine if VOCs are introduced to samples during holding, shipping, or storage prior to analysis. Field trip blanks will consist of deionized water sealed in a sample container by the analytical laboratory. The trip blank will be generated and transported to and from the field and then returned to the laboratory unopened for analysis. One trip blank will be included with each cooler containing sample for VOCs.

3.5.2 Chemical analyses

Before analyzing the samples, the laboratory must provide written protocols for the analytical methods to be used, calculate MDLs for each analyte in each matrix of interest, and establish an initial calibration curve for all analytes. The laboratory must demonstrate their continued proficiency by participation in interlaboratory comparison studies and through repeated analysis of certified reference materials, calibration checks, laboratory reagent blanks, and spiked samples.

3.5.2.1 Determination of method detection limits

The MDL is defined as the lowest concentration of an analyte or compound that a method can detect in either a sample or a blank with 99% confidence. The laboratories determine MDLs using standard procedures outlined in 40CFR§136. In summary, seven replicate samples will be fortified at 1 to 5 times (but not to exceed 10 times) the expected MDL concentration. The MDL is then determined by calculating the standard deviation of the replicates and multiplying by a factor of 3.14. ARI established MDLs in 1985 and are updates them yearly.

3.5.2.2 Sample delivery group

Project and/or method specific quality control measures such as matrix spikes and matrix duplicates will be analyzed per sample delivery group (SDG) or sample batch. An SDG is defined as no more than 20 samples or a group of samples received at the laboratory within a two-week period. Although a SDG may span two weeks, all holding times specific to each analytical method will be met for each sample in the SDG.

3.5.2.3 Laboratory quality control criteria

The analyst will review results of QC analyses from each sample group immediately after a sample group has been analyzed. The QC sample results will then be evaluated to determine whether control limits have been exceeded. If control limits are exceeded in the sample group, the Project QA/QC Coordinator will be contacted immediately, and corrective action, such as method modifications followed by reprocessing of the affected samples, will be initiated before processing a subsequent group of samples. All primary chemical standards and standard solutions used in this project will be traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Environmental Resource Associates, National Research Council of Canada, or other documented,



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reliable, commercial sources. Standards will be validated to determine their accuracy by comparison with an independent standard. Lab QC standards are verified a multitude of ways. Second source calibration verifications are run (i.e. same standard, two different vendors) for calibrations. New working standard mixes (calibrations, spikes, etc.) are verified against the results of the original solution and must be within 10%. Newly purchased standards are verified against current data. Any impurities found in the standard will be documented. The following sections summarize the procedures that will be used to assess data quality throughout sample analysis. Table 3-9 summarizes the QC procedures to be performed by the laboratory. The associated control limits for precision and accuracy are summarized in Table 2-1.

Table 3-9. Laboratory quality control sample analysi s summary

ANALYSIS

TYPE INITIAL

CALIBRATION CONTINUING CALIBRATION

MATRIX

DUPLICATE OR REPLICATES

MATRIX

SPIKES

MATRIX

SPIKE DUPLICATES

METHOD

BLANKS SURROGATE

SPIKES

PCBs prior to analysis daily na 1 per batch

or SDG 1 per batch

or SDG each batch

or SDG each sample

Volatiles prior to analysis daily na 1 per batch

or SDG 1 per batch

or SDG each batch

or SDG each sample

Semivolatiles prior to analysis daily na 1 per batch

or SDG 1 per batch

or SDG each batch

or SDG each sample

TBT prior to analysis daily na 1 per batch

or SDG 1 per batch

or SDG each batch

or SDG each sample

Grain size na na 1 per 20 samples na na na na

Total organic carbon daily

every 10 samples

1 per 20 samples

1 per 20 samples na

Each batch or SDG na

Percent moisture na na

1 per 20 samples na na na na

TSS na na 1 per 20 samples na na na na

Total solids na na 1 per 20 samples na na na na

na – not applicable

Matrix Replicates

Analytical replicates provide information on the precision of the analysis and are useful in assessing potential sample heterogeneity and matrix effects. Analytical replicates are subsamples of the original sample that are prepared and analyzed as a separate sample, assuming sufficient sample matrix is available. A minimum of one replicate will be analyzed for each sample group or for every 20 samples, whichever is more frequent. If insufficient material is available for matrix replicates and spikes, standard reference materials will be substituted.

Matrix Spikes and Matrix Spike Duplicates

The analysis of matrix spike samples provides information on the extraction efficiency of the method on the sample matrix. By performing duplicate matrix spike analyses,



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information on the precision of the method is also provided for organic analyses. A minimum of one matrix spike will be analyzed for each sample group or for every 20 samples, whichever is more frequent, when possible. A standard reference material will be used to assess method accuracy for those parameters that cannot be spiked.

Surrogate Spikes

All project samples analyzed for organic compounds will be spiked with appropriate surrogate compounds as defined in the analytical methods. Surrogate recoveries will be reported by the laboratories; however, no sample results will be corrected for recovery using these values.

Method Blanks

Method blanks are analyzed to assess possible laboratory contamination at all stages of sample preparation and analysis. A minimum of one method blank will be analyzed for each extraction/digestion batch or for every 20 samples, whichever is more frequent.

3.6 INSTRUMENT/EQUIPMENT TESTING, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS

The FC will be responsible for overseeing the testing, inspection, and maintenance of all field equipment. The laboratory project manager will be responsible for laboratory equipment testing, inspection, and maintenance requirements are met. The calibration methods used in calibrating the analytical instrumentation are described in the following section.

3.7 INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION AND FREQUENCY

Multipoint initial calibration will be performed on each instrument at the start of the project, after each major interruption to the analytical instrument, and when any continuing calibration does not meet the specified criteria. The number of points used in the initial calibration is defined in each analytical method. Continuing calibrations will be performed daily for organic analyses and with every sample batch for conventional parameters to ensure proper instrument performance.

Field equipment will be calibrated prior to use according to manufacturer’s procedures presented in the user’s manuals. Calibration frequency will conform to Puget Sound Estuary Program guidance (PSEP 1991). Thereafter, calibration will be checked no less frequently than called for by the instrument manuals for the types of measurement being made and the conditions. Calibration information will be recorded in the field notebook. Equipment will be handled according to manufacturer’s recommendations. Unusual or questionable readings will be noted and duplicate readings made. Precision is based on duplicates for field equipment of 20%.

Calibration of analytical equipment used for chemical analysis includes instrument blanks or continuing calibration blanks, which provide information on the stability of



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the baseline established. Continuing calibration blanks will be analyzed immediately after the continuing calibration verification at a frequency of one blank for every 10 samples analyzed for inorganic analyses and one blank for every 12 hours for organic analyses. If the continuing calibration does not meet the specified criteria, the analysis must stop. Analysis may resume after corrective actions have been taken to meet the method specifications. All project samples analyzed by an instrument found to be out of compliance must be reanalyzed.

3.8 INSPECTION/ACCEPTANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR SUPPLIES AND CONSUMABLES

Supplies and consumables for the field sampling effort will be inspected upon delivery and accepted if the condition of the supplies is satisfactory. For example, jars will be inspected to ensure that they are the correct size and quantity and were not damaged in shipment.

3.9 DATA MANAGEMENT

Analytical laboratories are expected to submit data in both electronic and hard copy format as described in Section 2.6 and Table 2-2. The Laboratory Project Manager should contact the Project QA/QC Coordinator prior to data delivery to discuss specific format requirements.

A library of routines will be used to translate typical electronic output from laboratory analytical systems and to generate data analysis reports. The use of automated routines ensures that all data are consistently converted into the desired data structures and that operator time is kept to a minimum. In addition, routines and methods for quality checks will be used to ensure such translations are correctly applied.

Written documentation will be used to clarify how field and laboratory duplicates and QA/QC samples were recorded in the data tables and to provide explanations of other issues that may arise. The data management task will include keeping accurate records of field and laboratory QA/QC samples so that project team members who use the data will have appropriate documentation.

In addition to placing all data and identifiers in an electronic database, hard copies of all original analytical data or study records will be placed in a library filing system. Each analytical data set or document will be given a unique code based on the original source of the data or information, and filed based on that code. A master list of all filed documents, sorted in order by filing code, will be maintained for easy retrieval from the library. Data management files will be stored on a secure computer or on a removable hard drive that can be secured.



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4.0 Assessment and Oversight

4.1 COMPLIANCE ASSESSMENTS AND RESPONSE ACTIONS

4.1.1 Compliance assessments

Laboratory and field performance assessments consist of on-site reviews designated by EPA of QA systems and equipment for sampling, calibration, and measurement. EPA personnel may conduct a laboratory audit prior to sample analysis. Any pertinent laboratory audit reports will be made available to the Project QA/QC Coordinator upon request. All laboratories are required to have written procedures addressing internal QA/QC; these procedures will be submitted for review by the Project QA/QC Coordinator to ensure compliance with the QAPP. All laboratories and QA/QC Coordinators are required to ensure that all personnel engaged in sampling and analysis tasks have appropriate training.

4.1.2 Response actions for field sampling

The FC, or a designee, will be responsible for correcting equipment malfunctions throughout the field sampling effort and resolving situations in the field that may result in nonconformance or noncompliance with the QAPP. All corrective measures will be immediately documented in the field logbook, and sample alteration forms will be completed (Form 7).

4.1.3 Corrective action for laboratory analyses

All laboratories are required to comply with the standard operating procedures previously submitted to the Project QA/QC Coordinator. The laboratory project managers will be responsible for ensuring that appropriate corrective actions are initiated as required for conformance with this QAPP. All laboratory personnel will be responsible for reporting problems that may compromise the quality of the data.

The Project QA/QC Coordinator will be notified immediately if any QC sample exceeds the project-specified control limits (Table 2-1). The analyst will identify and correct the anomaly before continuing with the sample analysis. The Laboratory Project Manager will document the corrective action taken in a memorandum submitted to the Project QA/QC Coordinator within 5 days of the initial notification. A narrative describing the anomaly, the steps taken to identify and correct, and the treatment of the relevant sample batch (i.e., recalculation, reanalysis, reextraction) will be submitted with the data package using a corrective action form (Form 8).

4.2 REPORTS TO MANAGEMENT

Progress reports will be prepared by the FC following each sampling event. The Project QA/QC Coordinator will also prepare progress reports after the sampling is completed and samples have been submitted for analysis, when information is received from the laboratory, and when analysis is complete. The status of the samples



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and analysis will be indicated with emphasis on any deviations from the QAPP. A data report will be written after validated data are available for each sampling event, as described in Section 2.6.4. These reports will be delivered electronically to the Windward, Port, and EPA project managers.

5.0 Data Validation and Usability

5.1 DATA REVIEW, VALIDATION , AND VERIFICATION REQUIREMENTS

Data are not considered final until validated. All data, including laboratory and field QC sample results, will be summarized in a QA summary report. The QA summary report will focus on data that did not meet the data quality objectives specified in Table 2-1. The QA summary reports will be included as an appendix to the final document. The summary reports will also describe any deviations from this QAPP and actions taken to address those deviations. Data validation will be conducted following EPA (1999 and 2002b) guidance.

5.2 VALIDATION AND VERIFICATION METHODS

Data validation is a process in which data are reviewed and evaluated by supervisory personnel or QA specialists within the laboratory. The laboratory analyst is responsible for ensuring that the analytical data are correct and complete, that appropriate procedures have been followed, and that QC results are within the acceptable limits. The Project QA/QC Coordinator is responsible for ensuring that all analyses performed by the laboratories are correct, properly documented, and complete, and that they satisfy the project DQOs specified in this QAPP.

Independent third-party data review and summary validation of the analytical chemistry data will be conducted by Cari Sayler of Sayler Data Services. A minimum of 20% or a single sample delivery group will undergo full data validation. Full data validation parameters include:

◆ quality control analysis frequencies

◆ analysis holding times

◆ laboratory blank contamination

◆ instrument calibration

◆ surrogate recoveries

◆ LCS recoveries

◆ MS recoveries

◆ MS/MSD relative percent differences (RPDs)

◆ compound identifications



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◆ compound quantitations

◆ instrument performance check (tune) ion abundances

◆ internal standard areas and retention time shifts

If no discrepancies are found between reported results and raw data, then validation can proceed as a summary validation on the rest of the data using all of the QC forms submitted in the laboratory data package. Quality assurance review of the sediment chemistry data will be performed in accordance with the QA/QC requirements of the project as specified by Table 3-9, the technical specifications of the methods indicated in Table 2-1, and EPA (1999 and 2002b) guidance for organic and inorganic data review. The EPA project manager may have EPA peer review the third party validation or perform data assessment/validation on a percentage of the data.

All discrepancies and requests for additional, corrected data will be discussed with the laboratories prior to issuing the formal data validation report. All contacts with the laboratories will be documented in a communication report. Review procedures used and findings made during data validation will be documented on worksheets. A validation report will be prepared for each matrix; that report will summarize QC results, qualifiers, and possible data limitations. All data will be accessible, but only validated data with appropriate qualifiers will be released for general use.

5.3 RECONCILIATION WITH DATA QUALITY OBJECTIVES

Data quality assessment will be conducted by the Project QA/QC Coordinator in consultation with EPA guidelines. The results of the third-party independent review and validation will be reviewed and cases where the projects DQOs were not met will be identified. The usability of the data will be determined in terms of the magnitude of the DQO exceedance, as well as the importance of the data with respect to other historical data sets, and compiled and summarized in the data gaps analysis report (Windward et al. 2003a).

6.0 References

Ecology. 1995 Sediment Management Standards. Chapter 173-204 WAC. Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA.

EPA. 1996. Soil Screening Guidance: Technical Background Document. EPA540/R-95/128. Office of Water, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC

EPA. 1999. Contract laboratory program national functional guidelines for organic data review. EPA540/R-99/008. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.

EPA. 2002a. Guidance for quality assurance project plans. EPA QA/G-5, Quality staff, Office of Environmental Information, US EPA, Washington, DC.



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EPA. 2002b. Contract laboratory program national functional guidelines for inorganic data review. EPA540/R-01/008. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.

EPA. 2002c. National recommended water quality criteria: 2002. EPA822/R-02/047. Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC

PSEP. 1986. Recommended protocols for measuring conventional sediment variables in Puget Sound. Prepared for the Puget Sound Estuary Program, US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Office of Puget Sound, Seattle, WA.

Puls RW, and Barcelona MJ. 1996. Low-Flow (Minimal Drawdown) Ground-Water Sampling Procedures. EPA Groundwater Issue. EPA/540/S-95/504. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.

PSEP. 1991. Recommended guidelines for measuring conventional marine water-column variables in Puget Sound. Prepared for the US Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA, and the Puget Sound Water Quality Action Team, Olympia, WA.

PSEP. 1997a. Recommended quality assurance and quality control guidelines for the collection of environmental data in Puget Sound. Draft Report. Prepared for the US Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.

PSEP. 1997b. Recommended guidelines for measuring organic compounds in Puget Sound water, sediment and tissue Samples. Final Report. Prepared for the US Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA, and the Puget Sound Water Quality Action Team, Olympia, WA.

PSEP. 1997c. Recommended guidelines for sampling marine sediment, water column, and tissue in Puget Sound. Final Report. Prepared for the US Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA, and the Puget Sound Water Quality Action Team, Olympia, WA

Windward, Onsite, DOF. 2003a. Summary of existing information and data needs analysis, Lower Duwamish Waterway Superfund Site. Terminal 117 Early Action Area. Prepared for US Environmental Protection Agency Region 10 and Washington Department of Ecology. Windward Environmental LLC, Onsite Enterprises, and Dalton, Olmsted & Fuglevand, Inc, Seattle, WA.

Windward, Onsite, DOF. 2003b. Work plan for investigation tasks, Lower Duwamish Waterway Superfund Site. Terminal 117 Early Action Area. Prepared for US Environmental Protection Agency Region 10 and Washington Department of Ecology. Windward Environmental LLC, Onsite Enterprises, and Dalton, Olmsted & Fuglevand, Inc, Seattle, WA.



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Windward. 2003a. Phase 1 remedial investigation report. Final. Prepared for Lower Duwamish Waterway Group for submittal to the US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, WA and the Washington Department of Ecology, Northwest Regional Office, Bellevue, WA. Windward Environmental LLC, Seattle, WA

Windward. 2003b. Task 5 – Identification of candidate sites for early action. Technical memorandum: data analysis and candidate site identification. Final. Prepared for Lower Duwamish Waterway Group for submittal to the US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle, WA and the Washington Department of Ecology, Northwest Regional Office, Bellevue, WA. Windward Environmental LLC, Seattle, WA.

URS. 1994. Site inspection report for the Malarkey Asphalt Company, Seattle, Washington. Prepared for the US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10. URS Consultants, Seattle, WA.



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Data Collection Forms



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FORM 1. SURFACE SEDIMENT AND SOIL COLLECTION FORM

SURFACE SEDIMENT/SOIL COLLECTION FORM

Project Name: Project no.

Date: Station:

Start/Stop time: X:

Sampling Method: Y:

Weather:

Crew:

Sample ID:

Bottom depth:

Penetration depth

Time:

Analyses needed before homogenization (circle): VOC Sulfides AVS/SEM Acceptable grab

(circle) yes no

type: color: odor: Comments:

cobble drab olive none H2S

gravel gray slight petroleum

sand C M F black moderate other:

silt clay brown strong

organic matter brown surface

overwhelming

Sample ID:

Bottom depth:

Penetration depth

Time:

Analyses needed before homogenization (circle):

VOC sulfides AVS/SEM Acceptable grab (circle)

yes no






organic matter brown surface overwhelming

Sample ID:

Bottom depth:

Penetration depth

Time:

Analyses needed before homogenization (circle):

VOC sulfides AVS/SEM Acceptable grab (circle)

yes no






organic matter brown surface overwhelming



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FORM 2. SEDIMENT CORE COLLECTION FORM

SEDIMENT CORE COLLECTION FORM:

Core ID

Station ID:

Project Name: Uncorrected depth:

Project Number: NOS water level (tide):

Date: Time: NOS-to-ACOE level correction:

Weather: ACOE water level (tide):

Crew: Water depth (ACOE MLLW):

Core penetration: Core recovery: Percent recovery:

Depth Sample data USCS soil

group

Notes:

Ft below mud surface

Sample interval

Sample number

Percent recovery

Lithology/observations:

1

2

3

4

5

6



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FORM 3. SEEP COLLECTION FORM

SEEP COLLECTION FORM


Date: Crew:

Weather: Last rainfall

Sample ID:

Easting (x): Northing (y) Time: Tide (MLLW):

Flow rate

# of containers

Time to fill container(s)

Volume of container(s)

Collection method

Substrate description:

seep observations:

Description of embankment that seep flows from:

rock sheen

soil bacterial slime Seep location relative to vertical changes in embankment or beach substrate :

cobble staining

gravel odor Temp Spc DO pH ORP Turbidity

sand C M F

silt clay Comments:

organic matter

Sample ID:


Flow rate

# of containers



Collection method


seep observations:


rock sheen


cobble staining


sand C M F

silt clay Comments:

organic matter

Sample ID:


Flow rate

# of containers



Collection method


seep observations:


rock sheen


cobble staining


sand C M F

silt clay Comments:

organic matter



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FORM 4. GROUNDWATER COLLECTION FORM

GROUNDWATER COLLECTION FORM


Date: Crew:

Weather:

Sample ID: Easting (x): Northing (y) Time:

Depth to groundwater:

Depth to bottom of well:

Tide Elevation: (MLLW)

rising falling

Well volume: Groundwater observations:

Purging flow rate:

Total purge time:

Total purge volume:

Purge Parameters: Temp: Spc. DO pH ORP Turbidity

Final reading:

+ 10% stability(y/n)





rising falling


Purging flow rate:

Total purge time:

Total Purge volume:


Final reading:






rising falling


Purging flow rate:

Total purge time:

Total Purge volume:


Final reading:




Page 73

FORM 5. SOIL CORE LOG Terminal 117 Early Action Area Core Log Dalton, Olmsted & Fuglevand, Inc.

Port of Seattle Field Log by:

Lab Log by:

Field Lab Core Number Tide (MLLW) Date Drive Length, ft. Depth to Mud S. Time Recover Length, ft. Mud Line Elev. E. Time Recovery Efficiency

DESCRIPTION OF CORE TUBES & TESTS (Based on Core Tube lengths, ft) (Based on in-situ depths, ft)

Tube No. FIELD Spl No. LABORATORY Interpreted Acquisition

Ln, ft. End Description & Test Sample Description Summary Log (1) Data (2) _1 _1 _2 _2 _3 _3 _4 _4 _5 _5 _6 _6 _7 _7 _8 _8 _9 _9 _10 _10 1. The summary log is an interpretation based on samples, acquisition data, and interpolation. The recovery efficiency is a rough indication of the general confidence of the summary log. Variation between what is shown and actual conditions should be expected. 2. 11/9 (83 %) : Penetration Depth, ft. / Corresponding Sample Recovery, ft. (Corresponding Total Recovery Efficiency, percent)

FIELD: SAMPLING PLAN Expected Mudline Elev. : Expected Thickness of Recent Sediment: COMMENTS ON FIELD SAMPLING Chain-of-Custody of Core Tube

Transfer from Field to Lab

Relinquished By: Received By: Date: Time:

Comments: LAB: SAMPLES SELECTED FOR TESTING

SAMPLE Sample Depth PROCESSING COMMENTS

Number Test Tube In-Situ



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FORM 6. BORING AND WELL LOG Dalton, Olmsted & Fuglevand, Inc.


MONITORING WELL NO. T117-__ - DESCRIPTION OF SAMPLES, TESTS, AND INSTALLATION

Field Rep: Location: Drilling Co.: Elevation (Ft.):Top PVC Pipe: Grnd Surface Driller: Date Completed: Drill Type: Weather: Size/Type Casing:

Spl.No. Type Drill Spl Depth (f.) Blows/ Spl length Time Sample

Description 140#Hammer Action From - To 6 inches inches

LABORATORY SAMIPLES:

Depth(ft.) MONITORING WELL DIAGRAM

0 SUMMARY LOG 0 Concrete Hydrated Bentonite Seal Screen Sandpack (Bottom of Boring)

NOTE: The summary log is an interpretation based on samples, drill action, and interpolation. Variations between what is shown and actual conditions should be anticipated.

MONITORING WELL INFORMATION (FT.) Riser Length: Seal: Sandpack: Monument: Screen:



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FORM 7. SAMPLE ALTERATION FORM Project Name and Number:

Material to be Sampled:

Measurement Parameter:

Standard Procedure for Field Collection & Laboratory Analysis (cite reference):

Reason for Change in Field Procedure or Analysis Variation:

Variation from Field or Analytical Procedure:

Special Equipment, Materials or Personnel Required:

Initiator’s Name: Date:

Project Officer: Date:

QA Officer: Date:



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FORM 8. CORRECTIVE ACTION FORM Project Name and Number:

Sample Dates Involved:

Measurement Parameter:

Acceptable Data Range:

Problem Areas Requiring Corrective Action:

Measures Required to Correct Problem:

Means of Detecting Problems and Verifying Correction:

Initiators Name: Date:

Project Officer: Date:

QA Officer: Date:



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Site Photographs



Page 79

Site photo 1. Alongshore looking north

Site photo 2. Alongshore looking south



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Site photo 3. Intertidal zone

Lower Duwamish Waterway Superfund Site Terminal 117 Early Action Area

QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN , ATTACHMENT 1: HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN Final

For submittal to: US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10 1200 Sixth Avenue Seattle, WA 98101

December 3, 2003

Prepared by:

200 West Mercer Street, Suite 401

Seattle, Washington � 98119

Dalton, Olmsted & Fuglevand, Inc.


ONSITE ENTERPRISES, INC.


T-117_HSP.doc December 3, 2003

Page i

Health and Safety Plan Approval Record

By their signature, the undersigned certify that this Health and Safety Plan (HSP) is approved and that it will be used to govern health and safety aspects of fieldwork described in the attached QAPP.

Name Date Project Manager

Name Date Corporate Health and Safety Manager

Name Date Field Coordinator/Health and Safety Officer



Page ii

Table of Contents

ACRONYMS III

A.1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

A.2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION AND PROJECT SCOPE 1 A.2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION 1 A.2.2 SCOPE AND DURATION OF WORK 1

A.3.0 HEALTH AND SAFETY PERSONNEL 2

A.4.0 HAZARD EVALUATION AND CONTROL MEASURES 2 A.4.1 PHYSICAL HAZARDS 3

A.4.1.1 Slips, trips, and falls 3 A.4.1.2 Sampling equipment deployment 3 A.4.1.3 Manual lifting 3 A.4.1.4 Heat stress, hypothermia, frostbite 3 A.4.1.5 Weather 4

A.4.2 CHEMICAL HAZARDS 4 A.4.2.1 Exposure routes 4 A.4.2.2 Description of chemical hazards 4

A.4.3 ACTIVITY HAZARD ANALYSIS 5 TABLE A-1. ACTIVITY HAZARD ANALYSIS 6

A.5.0 WORK ZONES AND SHIPBOARD ACCESS CONTROL 7 A.5.1 WORK ZONE 7 A.5.2 DECONTAMINATION STATION 7 A.5.3 ACCESS CONTROL 7

A.6.0 SAFE WORK PRACTICES 8

A.7.0 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND SAFETY EQUIPMENT 8 A.7.1 LEVEL D PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 8 A.7.2 MODIFIED LEVEL D PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 9 A.7.3 SAFETY EQUIPMENT 9

A.8.0 MONITORING PROCEDURES FOR SITE ACTIVITIES 9

A.9.0 DECONTAMINATION 10 A.9.1 MINIMIZATION OF CONTAMINATION 11 A.9.2 PERSONNEL DECONTAMINATION 11 A.9.3 SAMPLING AND HOMOGENIZING EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION 12

A.10.0 DISPOSAL OF CONTAMINATED MATERIALS 13 A.10.1 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 13 A.10.2 DECONTAMINATION RINSATES 13



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A.10.3 EXCESS SAMPLE MATERIALS 13

A.11.0 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS 13 A.11.1 PROJECT-SPECIFIC TRAINING 13 A.11.2 DAILY SAFETY BRIEFINGS 14 A.11.3 FIRST AID AND CPR 14

A.12.0 MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE 14

A.13.0 REPORTING AND RECORD KEEPING 15

A.14.0 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN 15 A.14.1 PRE-EMERGENCY PREPARATION 16 A.14.2 PROJECT EMERGENCY COORDINATOR 16 A.14.3 EMERGENCY RESPONSE CONTACTS 16

TABLE A-2. EMERGENCY RESPONSE CONTACTS 17 A.14.4 RECOGNITION OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS 17 A.14.5 DECONTAMINATION 17 A.14.6 FIRE 17 A.14.7 PERSONAL INJURY 18 A.14.8 OVERT PERSONAL EXPOSURE OR INJURY 19

A.14.8.1 Skin contact 19 A.14.8.2 Inhalation 19 A.14.8.3 Ingestion 19 A.14.8.4 Puncture wound or laceration 19

A.14.9 SPILLS AND SPILL CONTAINMENT 19 A.14.10 EMERGENCY ROUTE TO THE HOSPITAL 20

FIGURE A-1. ROUTE FROM TERMINAL 117 TO HARBORVIEW MEDICAL CENTER 21

A.15.0 REFERENCES 21

FIELD TEAM HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN REVIEW 22

Acronyms CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation EPA US Environmental Protection Agency FC field coordinator HSM Project Health and Safety Manager HSO Field Health and Safety Officer HSP health and safety plan OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration PSEP Puget Sound Estuary Program PCBs polychlorinated biphenyls PFD personal flotation device PPE personal protective equipment



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A.1.0 Introduction

This site-specific health and safety plan (HSP) describes safe working practices for conducting field activities at potentially hazardous sites and for handling potentially hazardous materials/waste products. This HSP covers elements as specified in 29CFR1910§120.

This HSP addresses all activities associated with collection and handling of sediment, soil and water samples in the T-117 EAA. During site work, this HSP will be implemented by the Field Coordinator (FC), who is also the designated site Health and Safety Officer (HSO), in cooperation with the Corporate Health and Safety Manager (HSM) and the Project Manager.

All personnel involved in fieldwork on this project are required to comply with this HSP. The contents of this HSP reflect the types of activities to be performed, knowledge of the physical characteristics of the site, and consideration of preliminary chemical data from previous investigations at the site. The HSP may be revised based on new information and/or changed conditions during site activities. Revisions will be documented in the project records.

A.2.0 Site Description and Project Scope

A.2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION

The sampling area is at approximately RM 3.6 of the Lower Duwamish Waterway (LDW), within the area affected by tidal fluctuations. The shoreline consists of a steep riprap bank covered with vegetation and a debris-laden intertidal zone. The QAPP to which this HSP is attached provides complete details of the sampling program. The following section summarizes the types of work that will be performed during field activities.

A.2.2 SCOPE AND DURATION OF WORK

Specific tasks that will be performed are as follows:

◆ Collection of soil from catch basins and a drainage ditch

◆ Collection of seep samples from sediment along the shoreline

◆ Collection of soil borings with hollow stem auger

◆ Collection of sediment samples using a grab sampler and vibracorer deployed from a boat

◆ Collection of sediment samples and soil samples by hand from the shoreline

◆ Collection of groundwater samples from monitoring wells



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◆ Sample handling, processing, and shipping

A.3.0 Health and Safety Personnel

Key health and safety personnel and their responsibilities are described below. These individuals are responsible for the implementation of this HSP.

Project Manager: The Project Manager has overall responsibility for the successful outcome of the project. The Project Manager will ensure that adequate resources and budget are provided for the health and safety staff to carry out their responsibilities during fieldwork. The Project Manager, in consultation with the HSM, makes final decisions concerning implementation of the HSP.

Field Coordinator/Health and Safety Officer: Because of the limited scope of fieldwork, the Field Coordinator (FC) and Health and Safety Officer (HSO) will be the same person. The FC/HSO will direct field sampling activities, coordinate the technical components of the field program with health and safety components, and ensure that work is performed according to the sampling and analysis plan.

The FC/HSO will implement this HSP at the work location and will be responsible for all health and safety activities and the delegation of duties to a health and safety technician in the field, if appropriate. The FC/HSO also has stop-work authority, to be used if there is an imminent safety hazard or potentially dangerous situation. The FC/HSO or his designee will be present during all sampling operations.

Corporate Health and Safety Manager: The HSM has overall responsibility for preparation, approval, and revisions of this HSP. The HSM will not necessarily be present during fieldwork, but will be readily available, if required, for consultation regarding health and safety issues during fieldwork.

Field Crew: All field crew members must be familiar with and comply with the information in this HSP. They also have the responsibility to immediately report any potentially unsafe or hazardous conditions to the FC/HSO.

A.4.0 Hazard Evaluation and Control Measures

This section covers potential physical and chemical hazards that may be associated with the proposed project activities, and presents control measures for addressing these hazards. The activity hazard analysis, Section A.4.3, lists the potential hazards associated with each site activity and the recommended site control to be used to minimize each potential hazard.

Confined space entry will not be necessary for this project. Therefore, hazards associated with this activity are not discussed in this HSP.



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A.4.1 PHYSICAL HAZARDS

For this project, it is anticipated that physical hazards will present a greater risk of injury than chemical hazards. Physical hazards are identified and discussed below.

A.4.1.1 Slips, trips, and falls

As with all fieldwork sites, caution should be exercised to prevent slipping on slick surfaces. In particular, sampling from a boat or other floating platform requires careful attention to minimize the risk of falling down or of falling overboard. The same care should be used in rainy conditions or on the shoreline where slick rocks are found. Slipping can be minimized by wearing boots with good tread and made of material that does not become overly slippery when wet.

Tripping is always a hazard on the uneven deck of a boat, in a cluttered work area, or in the intertidal zone where uneven substrate and debris such as riprap, scrap metal and asphalt outcroppings are common. Personnel will keep work areas as free as possible from items that interfere with walking.

When working on top of the bank there is a chance of falling over the edge. Falls may be avoided by working as far from exposed edges as possible, by erecting railings, and by using fall protection when working on elevated platforms. When sampling from a boat, as with any work from a floating platform, there is a chance of falling overboard. Personal flotation devices (PFDs) will be worn while working from the boat.

A.4.1.2 Sampling equipment deployment

A grab sampler or vibracorer will be used to collect sediment samples from a boat. The sampling vessel is equipped with hydraulic winches that lower and raise the sampling equipment. Soil borings will be performed with a hollow stem auger from a drill rig. Other sampling activities will be done with hand equipment. Before sampling activities begin, there will be a training session for all field personnel pertaining to the equipment that will be onboard the sampling vessel and used onshore.

A.4.1.3 Manual lifting

Equipment and samples must be lifted and carried. Back strain can result if lifting is done improperly. During any manual handling tasks, personnel should lift with the load supported by their legs and not their backs. For heavy loads, an adequate number of people will be used or, if possible, a mechanical lifting/handling device will be employed.

A.4.1.4 Heat stress, hypothermia, frostbite

The sampling operations are not anticipated to result in conditions that might result in heat stress, hypothermia, or frostbite.



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A.4.1.5 Weather

In general, field team members will be equipped for the normal range of weather conditions. The FC/HSO will be aware of current weather conditions and of the potential for those conditions to pose a hazard to the field crew. Some conditions that might force work stoppage are electrical storms, high winds, or high waves resulting from winds.

A.4.2 CHEMICAL HAZARDS

Previous investigations have shown that some chemical substances are present in the sampling area at higher-than-background concentrations. For the purposes of discussing potential exposure to substances in sediments, soil or water, the chemicals of concern are polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), petroleum hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and metals. In addition, there is potential for exposure to hydrogen sulfide gas from sediments.

A.4.2.1 Exposure routes

Potential routes of chemical exposure include inhalation, dermal contact, and ingestion. Exposure will be minimized by using safe work practices and by wearing the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). Further discussion of PPE requirements is presented in Section A.6.

Inhalation — Because wet sediment does not generate dust particles, and because surface water spray is expected to be minimal, inhalation of sediment particulates is not expected to be an important route of exposure. Potential exposure is possible via inhalation of hydrogen sulfide gas emitted from sediments. Soil samples may be dry and sampling can generate dust particles. If this occurs, dust masks will be worn to minimize inhalation of dust. During sediment or soil handling activities, the risk of inhalation exposure is reduced because work is performed in open-air conditions.

Dermal exposure — Dermal exposure to hazardous substances associated with soil, sediments, surface water, or equipment decontamination will be controlled by the use of PPE and by adherence to detailed sampling and decontamination procedures.

Ingestion — Ingestion is not considered a major route of exposure for this project. Accidental ingestion of sediment, soil or water is possible, but proper handling should prevent splattering, which will ensure that sample droplets do not become airborne. Accidental ingestion of surface water is possible. However, careful handling of equipment and containers aboard the boat should prevent the occurrence of water splashing or spilling during sample collection and handling activities.

A.4.2.2 Description of chemical hazards

Polychlorinated biphenyls — Prolonged skin contact with PCBs may cause acne-like symptoms known as chloracne. Acute and chronic exposure can damage the liver and cause symptoms of edema, jaundice, anorexia, nausea, abdominal pains, and



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fatigue. PCBs are suspected human carcinogens. Irritation to eyes, nose, and throat may also occur. Skin absorption may substantially contribute to the uptake of PCBs. Momentary skin contact allows little, if any, opportunity for passage of any of the compounds into the body. Field procedures require immediate washing of substance from exposed skin. Ingestion or inhalation are not exposure routes of concern since large amounts of media would need to be ingested for any detrimental effects to occur and PCBs are not expected to vaporize or become airborne.

Hydrogen sulfide — Hydrogen sulfide is a chemical that is naturally produced as a gas from the sediments. It is potentially toxic via inhalation, ingestion, and skin and eye contact. Inhalation can result in respiratory irritation, rhinitis, and edema of the lungs. Subacute exposures to hydrogen sulfide may result in headache, dizziness, staggering gait, and agitation. Acute exposure at higher concentrations may result in immediate coma and possibly death as a consequence of respiratory failure. Based on previous sampling results, inhalation and eye contact are not expected to occur to a significant degree at this site. Large amounts of sediment would need to be ingested for any detrimental effects to occur. Momentary skin contact allows little, if any, opportunity for passage of any of the compounds into the body. Field procedures require immediate washing of sediments from exposed skin.

Petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs — Exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs may occur via inhalation, ingestion or skin contact. Inhalation, the most important human health exposure pathway for this group of chemicals, is not expected to occur at this site since the PAHs are contained the asphalt. Animal studies have also shown that PAHs can cause harmful effects on the skin, body fluids, and ability to fight disease after both short- and long-term exposure. But these effects have not been seen in people. Some PAHs are suspected human carcinogens. However, large amounts of media would need to be ingested for any detrimental effects to occur. Momentary skin contact allows little, if any, opportunity for passage of any of the compounds into the body. Field procedures require immediate washing of substance from exposed skin.

Metals and tributyltin — Exposure to metals may occur via inhalation, ingestion or skin contact. As mentioned above, neither is likely as an exposure route. Metal fumes or metal-contaminated dust will not be encountered during field and sample handling activities. Large amounts of media would need to be ingested for any detrimental effects to occur. Momentary skin contact allows little, if any, opportunity for passage of any of the metals into the body. Field procedures require immediate washing of substance from exposed skin.

A.4.3 ACTIVITY HAZARD ANALYSIS

The activity hazard analysis summarizes the field activities to be performed during the project, outlines the hazards associated with each activity, and presents controls that can reduce or eliminate the risk of the hazard occurring.



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Table A-1 presents the activity hazard analysis for the following activities:

◆ Hand sampling activities

◆ Drill rig soil borings (work to be subcontracted; sub-contractor will provide addendum to this HSP for operating the drill rig)

◆ Sediment sampling from boat

◆ Sample handling, processing, and shipping

◆ Equipment decontamination

Table A-1. Activity hazard analysis

ACTIVITY HAZARD CONTROL Soil boring with drill rig

Skin contact with contaminated sediments or liquids

Wear modified Level D PPE.

Injury from equipment falling or swinging

Wear a hard hat at all times and make sure you are in the appropriate position when equipment is in operation

Injury from moving parts on sampling equipment

Avoid or use caution when adjusting moving parts on sampling equipments. Wear gloves.

Noise from sampling equipment

Wear hearing protection if necessary

Fire Mop up any flammable materials and dispose of absorbent. No smoking or flame sources near operating equipment. Evacuate the area according to procedures outlined in the training session given by the HSO.

Sediment sampling from a boat

Falling overboard Use care in boarding/departing from vessel. Deploy and recover the sampler over the stern. Wear PFD.

Skin contact with contaminated sediments or liquids


Injury from equipment falling or swinging

Wear a hard hat at all times and make sure you are in the appropriate position on deck when equipment is in operation

Injury from moving parts on sampling equipment

Avoid or use caution when adjusting moving parts on sampling equipments. Wear gloves.

Fire Mop up any flammable materials and dispose of absorbent. No smoking or flame sources in the boat. Evacuate the boat according to procedures outlined in the training session given by the vessel captain.

Noise from sampling equipment

Wear hearing protection if necessary

Hand sampling activities

Skin contact with contaminated media




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ACTIVITY HAZARD CONTROL

Back strain Use appropriate lifting technique when handling equipment and filled sample coolers, or seek help.

Sample handling, packaging, and shipping

Skin contact with contaminated media


Back strain Use appropriate lifting technique when handling filled sample coolers, or seek help.

Equipment decontamination

Inhalation of or eye contact with airborne mists or vapors

Wear safety glasses. Perform decontamination activities outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. Stay upwind when spray-rinsing equipment. Slow down the application of water and rinsing

Skin contact with contaminated materials


Ingestion of contaminated materials

Decontaminate clothing and skin prior to eating, drinking, smoking, or other hand-to-mouth activities. Follow the decontamination procedure for personal decontamination.

A.5.0 Work Zones and Shipboard Access Control

During sampling and sample handling activities, work zones will be established to identify where sample collection and processing are actively occurring. The intent of the zone is to limit the migration of sample material out of the zone and to restrict access to active work areas by defining work zone boundaries.

A.5.1 WORK ZONE

The work zone will encompass the area where sample collection and handling activities are performed. On boat or ashore, the FC/HSO will delineate the work zone as a particular area if actual physical barriers are not practical. Only persons with appropriate training, PPE, and authorization from the FC/HSO will be allowed to enter the work zone while work is in progress.

A.5.2 DECONTAMINATION STATION

A decontamination station will be set up, and personnel will clean soiled boots or PPE prior to leaving the work zone. The station will have the buckets, brushes, soapy water, rinse water, or wipes necessary to clean boots, PPE, or other equipment leaving the work zones. Plastic bags will be provided for expendable and disposable materials. If the location does not allow the establishment of a decontamination station, the FC/HSO will provide alternatives to prevent the spread of contamination.

A.5.3 ACCESS CONTROL

Security and control of access to the boat and on shore sampling areas will be the responsibility of the FC/HSO and boat captain. Boat and property access will be



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granted only to necessary project personnel and authorized visitors. Any security or access control problems will be reported to the client or appropriate authorities.

A.6.0 Safe Work Practices

Following common sense rules will minimize the risk of exposure or accidents at a work site. These general safety rules will be followed on site:

◆ Do not climb over or under obstacles of questionable stability

◆ Do not eat, drink, smoke, or perform other hand-to-mouth transfers in the work zone

◆ Work only in well-lighted spaces

◆ Make eye contact with equipment operators when moving within the range of their equipment

◆ Be aware of the movements of shipboard equipment when not in the operator's range of vision

◆ Get immediate first aid for all cuts, scratches, abrasions, or other minor injuries

◆ Use the established sampling and decontamination procedures

◆ Always use the buddy system

◆ Be alert to your own and other workers’ physical condition

◆ Report all accidents, no matter how minor, to the FC/HSO

◆ Do not do anything dangerous or unwise even if ordered by a supervisor

A.7.0 Personal Protective Equipment and Safety Equipment

Appropriate PPE will be worn as protection against potential hazards. In addition, a PFD will be required when working aboard the boat. Prior to donning PPE, the field crew will inspect their PPE for any defects that might render the equipment ineffective.

Fieldwork will be conducted in Level D or modified Level D PPE, as discussed below in Sections A.7.1 and A.7.2. Situations requiring PPE beyond modified Level D are not anticipated. Should the FC/HSO determine that PPE beyond modified Level D is necessary, the HSM will be notified and an alternative selected.

A.7.1 LEVEL D PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Workers performing general activities in which skin contact with contaminated materials is unlikely will wear Level D PPE. Level D PPE includes the following:



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◆ Cotton overalls or lab coats

◆ Chemical-resistant steel-toed boots

◆ Chemical-resistant gloves

◆ Safety glasses

◆ Hard hat (when overhead hazard exists)

◆ Hearing protection (when loud and prolonged noise is present)

◆ PFD ( when on deck of vessel)

A.7.2 MODIFIED LEVEL D PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Workers performing activities where skin contact with contaminated materials is possible and in which inhalation risks are not expected will be required to wear an impermeable outer suit. The type of outerwear will be chosen according to the types of chemical contaminants that might be encountered. Modified Level D PPE includes the following:

◆ Impermeable outer garb such as rain gear

◆ Chemical-resistant steel-toed boots

◆ Chemical-resistant outer gloves

◆ Safety glasses (or face shield, if significant splash hazard exists)

◆ Hard hat (when overhead hazard exists)

A.7.3 SAFETY EQUIPMENT

In addition to PPE that will be worn by personnel, basic emergency and first aid equipment will also be provided. Equipment for the field team will include:

◆ A copy of this HSP

◆ First aid kit adequate for the number of personnel working onsite

◆ Emergency eyewash

The FC/HSO will ensure that the safety equipment is aboard. Equipment will be checked daily to ensure its readiness for use.

A.8.0 Monitoring Procedures for Site Activities

A monitoring program that addresses the potential site hazards will be maintained. For this project, air, dust, and noise monitoring will not be necessary. No volatile organic compounds have been identified among the expected contaminants, the sampled media will be wet and will not pose a dust hazard, and none of the equipment emits high-amplitude (>85 dBA) sound or prolonged exposure is not



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expected. For this project, the monitoring program will consist of all workers monitoring themselves and their co-workers for signs that might indicate physical stress or illness.

All personnel will be instructed to look for and inform each other of any deleterious changes in their physical or mental condition during the performance of all field activities. Examples of such changes are as follows:

◆ Headaches

◆ Dizziness

◆ Nausea

◆ Symptoms of heat stress

◆ Blurred vision

◆ Cramps

◆ Irritation of eyes, skin, or respiratory system

◆ Changes in complexion or skin color

◆ Changes in apparent motor coordination

◆ Increased frequency of minor mistakes

◆ Excessive salivation or changes in papillary response

◆ Changes in speech ability or speech pattern

◆ Shivering

◆ Blue lips or fingernails

If any of these conditions develop, work shall be halted immediately and the affected person(s) evaluated. If further assistance is needed, personnel at the local hospital will be notified, and an ambulance will be summoned if the condition is thought to be serious. If the condition is the direct result of sample collection or handling activities, procedures will be modified to address the problem.

A.9.0 Decontamination

Decontamination is necessary to prevent the migration of contaminants from the work zone(s) into the surrounding environment and to minimize the risk of exposure of personnel to contaminated materials that might adhere to PPE. The following sections discuss personnel and equipment decontamination. The following supplies will be available to perform decontamination activities:

◆ Wash buckets

◆ Rinse buckets



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◆ Long-handled scrub brushes

◆ Clean water sprayers

◆ Paper towels

◆ Plastic garbage bags

◆ Alconox® or similar decontamination solution

◆ Seawater hose (for sampling activities onboard boat)

A.9.1 MINIMIZATION OF CONTAMINATION

The first step in addressing contamination is to prevent or minimize exposure to existing contaminated materials and the spread of those materials. During field activities, the FC/HSO will enforce the following measures:

Personnel:

◆ Do not walk through areas of obvious or known contamination

◆ Do not handle, touch, or smell contaminated materials directly

◆ Make sure PPE has no cuts or tears prior to use

◆ Fasten all closures on outer clothing, covering with tape if necessary

◆ Protect and cover any skin injuries

◆ Stay upwind of airborne dusts and vapors

◆ Do not eat, drink, chew tobacco, or smoke in the work zones

Sampling equipment:

◆ Use care to avoid getting sampled media on the outside of sample containers

◆ If necessary, bag sample containers before filling with sampled media

◆ Place clean equipment on a plastic sheet to avoid direct contact with contaminated media

◆ Keep contaminated equipment and tools separate from clean equipment and tools

◆ On the boat, fill sample containers over a plastic tub to contain spillage

◆ Clean up spilled material immediately to avoid tracking around the boat

◆ Clean boots before entering the boat cabin

A.9.2 PERSONNEL DECONTAMINATION

The FC/HSO will ensure that all site personnel are familiar with personnel decontamination procedures. Personnel will perform decontamination procedures,



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as appropriate, before eating lunch, taking a break, and before leaving the work location. Following is a description of these procedures.

Decontamination procedure:

1. If outer suit is heavily soiled, rinse it off

2. Wash and rinse outer gloves and boots in portable buckets or with seawater hose

3. Remove outer gloves; inspect and discard if damaged

4. Wash hands if taking a break

5. Don necessary PPE before returning to work

Dispose of soiled, expendable PPE in the trash before leaving for the day

A.9.3 SAMPLING AND HOMOGENIZING EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION

All sediment and soil homogenizing equipment, which includes the mixing bowl and stainless-steel implements, and water collection equipment will be decontaminated, based on PSEP (1997) guidelines, between locations or samples using the following procedures:

1. Rinse with site water and wash with scrub brush until free of sediment

2. Wash with phosphate-free detergent

3. Rinse with site water

4. Rinse with distilled water

The grab sampler will also be decontaminated between locations by following steps 1 through 4 listed above.

Acid or solvent washes will not be used in the field because of safety considerations and problems associated with rinsate disposal and sample integrity. Specifically:

◆ The use of acids or organic solvents may pose a safety hazard to the crew.

◆ Disposal and spillage of acids and solvents during field activities pose an environmental concern.

◆ Residues of solvents and acids on sampling equipment may affect sample integrity for chemical testing.

Any sampling equipment that cannot be cleaned to the satisfaction of the FC will not be used for any further sampling activity.



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A.10.0 Disposal of Contaminated Materials

Contaminated materials that may be generated during field activities include PPE, decontamination fluids, and excess sample material. These contaminated materials will be disposed of as an integral part of the project.

A.10.1 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Gross surface contamination will be removed from PPE. All disposable sampling materials and PPE, such as disposable coveralls, gloves, and paper towels used in sample processing, will be placed in heavyweight garbage bags. Filled garbage bags will be placed in a normal refuse container for disposal as solid waste.

A.10.2 DECONTAMINATION RINSATES

Detergent-bearing liquid wastes from decontamination of the equipment will be stored in 5-gallon carboys. Carboys will be disposed to a sanitary sewer drain.

A.10.3 EXCESS SAMPLE MATERIALS

At each sampling location, all excess sample volume of each sampled medium will be returned overboard. Rejected samples, if any, will also be returned overboard.

A.11.0 Training Requirements

Individuals performing work at locations where potentially hazardous materials and conditions may be encountered must meet specific training requirements. Because hazardous contaminant concentrations are not expected, training will be site-specific and an experienced person will oversee all inexperienced personnel for one working day. The following sections describe the training requirements for this fieldwork.

A.11.1 PROJECT-SPECIFIC TRAINING

All personnel must read this HSP and be familiar with its contents before beginning work. They will acknowledge reading the HSP by signing the attached field team HSP review form. The form will be kept in the project files.

The boat captain, for onboard sampling activities, and the FC/HSO or a designee will provide project-specific training prior to the first day of fieldwork and whenever new workers arrive onboard or onsite. Field personnel will not be allowed to begin work until project-specific training is completed and documented by the FC/HSO. Training will address the HSP and all health and safety issues and procedures pertinent to field operations. Training will include, but not be limited to, the following topics:

◆ Activities with the potential for chemical exposure

◆ Activities that pose physical hazards and actions to control the hazard



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◆ Ship access control and procedure

◆ Hazard communications for materials brought onto site

◆ Use and limitations of PPE

◆ Decontamination procedures

◆ Emergency procedures

◆ Use and hazards of sampling equipment

◆ Location of emergency equipment on the vessel

◆ Vessel safety practices

◆ Vessel evacuation and emergency procedures

A.11.2 DAILY SAFETY BRIEFINGS

The FC/HSO or a designee and the boat captain, for onboard sampling activities, will present safety briefings before the start of each day's activities. These safety briefings will outline the activities expected for the day, update work practices and hazards, address any specific concerns associated with the work location, and review emergency procedures and routes. The FC/HSO or designee will document safety briefings in the logbook.

A.11.3 FIRST AID AND CPR

At least one member of the field team must have first-aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training. Documentation of which individuals possess first-aid and CPR training will be kept in the project health and safety files.

A.12.0 Medical Surveillance

A medical surveillance program conforming to the provisions of 29 CFR 1910§120(f) is not necessary for field team members because they do not meet any of the four criteria outlined in the regulations for implementation of a medical surveillance program:

◆ Employees who are or may be exposed to hazardous substances or health hazards at or above permissible exposure levels for 30 days or more per year (1910.120[f][2][I])

◆ Employees who must wear a respirator for 30 days or more per year (1910.120[f][2][ii])

◆ Employees who are injured or become ill due to possible overexposures involving hazardous substances or health hazards from an emergency response or hazardous waste operation (1910.120[f][2][iii])

◆ Employees who are members of HAZMAT teams (1910.120[f][2][iv])



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As described in Section A.8, employees will monitor themselves and each other of any deleterious changes in their physical or mental condition during the performance of all field activities.

A.13.0 Reporting and Record Keeping

Each member of the field crew will sign the HSP review form (attached). If necessary, accident/incident report forms and OSHA Form 200s will be completed by the FC/HSO.

The FC/HSO or a designee will maintain a health and safety field logbook that records health- and safety-related details of the project. Alternatively, entries may be made in the field logbook, in which case a separate health and safety logbook will not be required. The logbook must be bound and the pages numbered consecutively. Entries will be made with indelible blue ink. At a minimum, each day's entries must include the following information:

◆ Project name or location

◆ Names of all personnel onboard

◆ Weather conditions

◆ Type of fieldwork being performed

The person maintaining the entries will initial and date the bottom of each completed page. Blank space at the bottom of an incompletely filled page will be lined out. Each day's entries will begin on the first blank page after the previous workday's entries.

A.14.0 Emergency Response Plan

As a result of the hazards onboard or onshore and the conditions under which operations will be conducted, the potential exists for an emergency situation to occur. Emergencies may include personal injury, exposure to hazardous substances, fire, explosion, or release of toxic or non-toxic substances (spills). OSHA regulations require that an emergency response plan be available for use onboard to guide actions in emergency situations.

Onshore organizations will be relied upon to provide response in emergency situations. The local fire department and ambulance service can provide timely response. Field personnel will be responsible for identifying an emergency situation; providing first aid, if applicable; notifying the appropriate personnel or agency; and evacuating any hazardous area. Shipboard personnel will attempt to control only very minor hazards that could present an emergency situation, such as a small fire, and will otherwise rely on outside emergency response resources.

The following sections identify the onboard individual(s) who should be notified in case of emergency, provide a list of emergency telephone numbers, offer guidance



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for particular types of emergencies, and provide directions and a map for getting from any sampling location to a hospital.

A.14.1 PRE-EMERGENCY PREPARATION

Before the start of field activities, the FC/HSO will ensure that preparation has been made in anticipation of emergencies. Preparatory actions include the following:

◆ Meeting with the FC/HSO and equipment handlers concerning the emergency procedures in the event that a person is injured

◆ A training session given by the FC/HSO informing all field personnel of emergency procedures, locations of emergency equipment and their use, and proper evacuation procedures

◆ A training session given by senior staff operating field equipment to apprise field personnel of operating procedures and specific risks associated with that equipment

◆ Ensuring that field personnel are aware of the existence of the emergency response plan in the HSP and ensuring that a copy of the HSP accompanies the field team

A.14.2 PROJECT EMERGENCY COORDINATOR

The FC/HSO will serve as the Project Emergency Coordinator in the event of an emergency. She will designate her replacement for times when she is not onsite or is not serving as the Project Emergency Coordinator. The designation will be noted in the logbook. The Project Emergency Coordinator will be notified immediately when an emergency is recognized. The Project Emergency Coordinator will be responsible for evaluating the emergency situation, notifying the appropriate emergency response units, coordinating access with those units, and directing interim actions onboard before the arrival of emergency response units. The Project Emergency Coordinator will notify the HSM and the Project Manager as soon as possible after initiating an emergency response action. The Project Manager will have responsibility for notifying the client.

A.14.3 EMERGENCY RESPONSE CONTACTS

All onboard personnel must know whom to notify in the event of an emergency situation, even though the FC/HSO has primary responsibility for notification. Table A-2 lists the names and phone numbers for emergency response services and individuals.



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Table A-2. Emergency response contacts

CONTACT TELEPHONE NUMBER Emergency Numbers

Ambulance 911

Police 911

Fire 911

Harborview Medical Center (206) 323-3074

Emergency Responders

US Coast Guard

Emergency General information

(206) 286-5400 (206) 442-5295

UHF Channel 16

National Response Center (800) 424-8802

EPA (908) 321-6660

Washington State Department of Ecology – Northwest Region Spill Response

(24-hour emergency line)

(206) 649-7000

Emergency Contacts

Project Manager

Lisa Saban (206) 577-1288

Corporate Health and Safety Manager

Tad Deshler (206) 577-1285

Field Coordinator/ Field Health and Safety Officer Site cellular telephone:

Joanna Florer (206) 954-1780

A.14.4 RECOGNITION OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

Emergency situations will generally be recognizable by observation. An injury or illness will be considered an emergency if it requires treatment by a medical professional and cannot be treated with simple first-aid techniques.

A.14.5 DECONTAMINATION

In the case of evacuation, decontamination procedures will be performed only if doing so does not further jeopardize the welfare of site workers. If an injured individual is also heavily contaminated and must be transported by emergency vehicle, the emergency response team will be told of the type of contamination. To the extent possible, contaminated PPE will be removed, but only if doing so does not exacerbate the injury. Plastic sheeting will be used to reduce the potential for spreading contamination to the inside of the emergency vehicle.

A.14.6 FIRE

Field personnel will attempt to control only small fires, should they occur. If an explosion appears likely, personnel will follow evacuation procedures specified during the training session. If a fire cannot be controlled with a fire extinguisher on



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board that is part of the required safety equipment, personnel will either withdraw from the vicinity of the fire or evacuate the boat as specified in the training session.

A.14.7 PERSONAL INJURY

In the event of serious personal injury, including unconsciousness, possibility of broken bones, severe bleeding or blood loss, burns, shock, or trauma, the first responder will immediately do the following:

◆ Administer first aid, if qualified

◆ If not qualified, seek out an individual who is qualified to administer first aid, if time and conditions permit

◆ Notify the Project Emergency Coordinator of the incident, the name of the individual, the location, and the nature of the injury

The Project Emergency Coordinator will immediately do the following:

◆ Notify the boat captain, if applicable, and the appropriate emergency response organization

◆ Assist the injured individual

◆ Follow the emergency procedures for retrieving or disposing equipment reviewed in the training session and travel to the predetermined, land-based, emergency pick-up site

◆ Designate someone to accompany the injured individual to the hospital

◆ If a life-threatening emergency occurs (i.e., injury where death is imminent without immediate treatment), the FC/HSO or boat captain will call 911 and arrange to meet the Medic One unit at the nearest accessible dock. Otherwise, for emergency injuries that are not life threatening (i.e., broken bones, minor lacerations, etc.) the Project Emergency Coordinator will follow the procedures outlined above and proceed to the Harbor Island Marina or to an alternative location of his choice if that would be more expedient.

◆ Notify the HSM and the Project Manager

If the Project Emergency Coordinator determines that emergency response is not necessary, he or she may direct someone to decontaminate and transport the individual by vehicle to the nearest hospital. Directions and a map showing the route to the hospital are in Section A.14.10.

If a worker leaves to seek medical attention, another worker should accompany him/her to the hospital. When in doubt about the severity of an injury or exposure, always seek medical attention as a conservative approach, and notify the Project Emergency Coordinator.



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The Project Emergency Coordinator will have responsibility for completing all accident/incident field reports, OSHA Form 200s, and other required follow-up forms.

A.14.8 OVERT PERSONAL EXPOSURE OR INJURY

If an overt exposure to toxic materials occurs, the first responder to the victim will initiate actions to address the situation. The following actions should be taken, depending on the type of exposure.

A.14.8.1 Skin contact or abrasion

◆ Wash/rinse the affected area thoroughly with copious amounts of soap and water

◆ If eye contact has occurred, eyes should be rinsed for at least 15 minutes using the eyewash that is part of the emergency equipment onboard

◆ After initial response actions have been taken, seek appropriate medical attention

A.14.8.2 Inhalation

◆ Move victim to fresh air

◆ Seek appropriate medical attention

A.14.8.3 Ingestion


A.14.8.4 Puncture wound or laceration


A.14.9 SPILLS AND SPILL CONTAINMENT

No bulk chemicals or other materials subject to spillage are expected to be used during this project. Accordingly, no spill containment procedure is required for this project.



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A.14.10 EMERGENCY ROUTE TO THE HOSPITAL

The name, address, and telephone number of the hospital that will be used to provide medical care is as follows:

Harborview Medical Center 325 - 9th Ave Seattle, WA (206) 323-3074

Figure A-1 is a map of the route from the site to Harborview Medical Center. Directions from Terminal 117 to Harborview Medical Center are as follows:

◆ Dock the vessel at South Park Marina or walk up to the T-117 property

◆ Drive West on Dallas Avenue toward 16th Avenue

◆ Turn right onto 16th Avenue

◆ Turn left onto East Marginal Way

◆ Turn right onto Corson Avenue

◆ Turn right onto Bailey Street

◆ Look for entrance ramps to I-5 northbound

◆ Head north on I-5

◆ Take the James Street exit

◆ Head east on James Street to 9th Avenue

◆ Turn right on 9th Avenue

◆ Emergency entrance will be two blocks south on the right



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Figure A-1. Route from Terminal 117 to Harborview Me dical Center

A.15.0 References

PSEP. 1997. Recommended guidelines for sampling marine sediment, water column, and tissue in Puget Sound. Final Report. Prepared for the US Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Washington, and the Puget Sound Water Quality Action Team, Olympia, WA.



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Field Team Health and Safety Plan Review

I have read a copy of the Health and Safety Plan, which covers field activities that will be conducted to investigate potentially contaminated areas in the T-117 EAA. I understand the health and safety requirements of the project, which are detailed in this Health and Safety Plan.

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T-117 Q ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN F · 03/12/2003 · Lower Duwamish Waterway Superfund Site: T-117...

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