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12. sl. hi200 - 15

13 Not aiithe onathemas of the church couldbanish from the medievpi world the song, the

dance, the ballad, the popular romantic tale told in prose or verse. The art impulses are

universal, not to be denied; b~fthe.:~expression Wosrestrjctedor discouragedin the broad

daylight of current ideas. it was only in so far as the arts directly ministered to religious

ceremonial or orfhodox retigious rmching that they received the blessing of the church.

And the church we must rememksi, had a monopoly of learning. Almost all educated

persons were priests; most profes3nol appointments were held by men in Holy orders;

they clergy. being those who preczhedsermons. wrote books, delivered lectures, taught

the young. and instructed law givsrs, comprised Within their ranks most of that educated

elms which, in the main, always controls opinion. With in this trained. self conscious, intel-

lectuai society the free practice of literature and the arts was hindered for a thousand

years.

James Scoff RA. - 'The Making of Literature' - Page - 98 - 99

The Heinemann Group of Publishers Queen Street - London

14, One of the principal elements of feudalism was the personal one. the lord-vassalrelation-

ship ............ The feudal contract thus entered into by lord and vassal was considered sa-

cred and binding upon both parfies. Breaking this tie of mutual obiigations wos consid-

ered to be a felony because it violated the feudal code of chivalry by which ail knights

good and true patterned their lives.

Wollbank Walter T. & Taylor Alastoir, M. - 'Civiilzation past and present'

Volume - 1, - Page - 357 - Scoff, Foresman and Company, Chicago. 1954

15. 'Ciassicism likewise could suggest objectivity, outer experience. universal values, feeling

of broad acceptance of the existing order, sense of detachment, preference for quief,

poise and conformity:

IyengarSrinivasa. K.R. & Prema Nandakumar- Yntroduction to the study ofEng#sh Literature'

- Page - 222 - Sterling Publishers Pvf. Ltd New Deihi - 1992

16. Through out the middle ages the peasantsgenerallyremained quiet, although they were

discontented and offen on the point of revolt. On several occasions they did resod to

force in an affempf to beffer their lot. Serious rebellions of serfs took place in Engaiand

and France in the Fourteenth Century and later in centrai Europe in the Sixfeenth.

Walibank Waitec T & A1astair.M Tayior 'Civikation past andpresent' - Page - 372

17. it is spenserk idealism, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody which have caused

h ~ m to be known as "thepoefspoet: Nearly alloursubsequentsingers acknowledge their

deiight in him and their indebtedness.

Long Wiiiiam. J. - 'English Literature'- Its history anditssignificance - Page - 110

Kaiyonipubiishers - Ludhiana - 1986

18. The manorial system of the middle ages was based primarily on a barter and self suffl-

ciency economy But in the fourfeenth and flffeenth centuries the nobles often would

lease their iands to tenants in return for money rentals. Agriculture was now encouraged

largeiy by profit motive. for the break down of the manorial system saw the change from

production for consc;rption to production forprofit. The enclosure movement in England

also stimulated agricdrural capitalism.

Walibank Walter. T 2 Alastair. M, Taylor - 'Civilization past and present'

Volume - il - Page - :2 - Scott, Foresman and company Ch ico~o - I955

19, 'It is a new Literclry 6.pe inspired by an older one, but not directiy initiated from It"

Brown Calvin. S. (E@ The Readers companion to world Literature (1959) - Page - 312

20, "Unlike Romantics then neo-classical writers did not value creativity or originality highly.

Literature reflected Aye; ort was mimetic. Poetry demand long study and practice".

Gray Martin - A dictbnory of literary terms (1986) - Poge - 137

21. 'Those rules of old discover'd not devis'd

Are nature still, but Nabre methodiz'd;

Nature, Like Liberty, is but restrain'd

By the same laws which first herself ordain'd:

Davh Herbert (Ed) - Pope Poetical works an essay on critisism -Pope - Poge - 66

Oxford University Press - Oxford

22. 'The Romantic Emphosis on the imagination was strengthened by considerations, which

are both religious and metaphysical:

Bowra C.M. - 'The Romantic imagination' - Poge - 2

Oxford Unoiversity Press - Oxford, London (1976)

23. 1 have said that poetry is the spontaneous overflow ofpowerful feelings; it takes its origin

from emotion recollectedin tranquility:

Wordsworfh William - Lyrical Ballads

Preface to LyricalBaIiods - Page - 39

A case bookeditedby Alum R. Johns & William Tvdeman

Anchor Press Lrd.. Great Brltian - 1972.

24. mglo~rnmnd - m j n n ~ d m m o d - djoo - 125

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