SystemsSystems

SystemsSystems

Systems are networks of interactions among Systems are networks of interactions among interdependent components.interdependent components. It is an organized group of related objects or It is an organized group of related objects or

components that form a whole.components that form a whole. Systems have Systems have

boundaries,boundaries, components,components, resources flow (input and output), resources flow (input and output), and feedback.and feedback.

SystemsSystems

You deal with systems in everyday life.You deal with systems in everyday life.

SystemsSystems

With your tablemate write down 3 more With your tablemate write down 3 more systems on your noteblanks and be systems on your noteblanks and be prepared to share.prepared to share.

Some systems we will discuss in this class Some systems we will discuss in this class include:include:

-Biological and chemical systems that recycle nutrients-Biological and chemical systems that recycle nutrients -Ecosystems where living and nonliving factors interact.-Ecosystems where living and nonliving factors interact. -Social systems-Social systems -Value systems-Value systems -Economic systems-Economic systems

SystemsSystems

Remember the next few slides and we Remember the next few slides and we will compile the information on a chart in will compile the information on a chart in your notes.your notes.

Open SystemsOpen Systems

Systems can be closed, Systems can be closed, open, or isolated.open, or isolated.

Open systems Open systems contain matter, contain matter, energy, or energy, or information that is information that is exchanged exchanged between parts of between parts of the system and the system and external sources.external sources.

Open systemsOpen systems Gaia is an example Gaia is an example

of an open systemof an open system

The earth is a The earth is a planet sized planet sized organism with the organism with the atmosphere as its atmosphere as its organ that regulates organ that regulates it and connects all it and connects all its parts.its parts.

Closed SystemClosed System

Closed systems Closed systems exchange energy exchange energy but not matter but not matter (does not naturally (does not naturally occur).occur). Eg. Eg.

Submarine Submarine EcosphereEcosphere Bioshpere 2 Bioshpere 2 Water and Water and

nitrogen cycles nitrogen cycles approximate to approximate to closed systemsclosed systems

Isolated SystemsIsolated Systems

Isolated systemsIsolated systems Exchange neither matter nor energy. Exchange neither matter nor energy. No such system exists (with the possible No such system exists (with the possible

exception of the entire cosmos).exception of the entire cosmos).

System ComparisonsSystem Comparisons

System Energy Exchanged

Matter exchanged

Examples

Open

Closed

Isolated

Closed or open?Closed or open?

Closed or Open?Closed or Open?

Closed or open?Closed or open?

Emergent Properties Emergent Properties (synergy)(synergy)

Emergent properties are Emergent properties are characteristics of a characteristics of a whole system that are whole system that are greater than the sum of greater than the sum of the system’s partthe system’s part Eg. Human consist of Eg. Human consist of

tissues, organs and tissues, organs and metabolic reactions, but metabolic reactions, but they can sing, dance, they can sing, dance, produce ideas and art, produce ideas and art, etc. All these properties etc. All these properties emerge because humans emerge because humans function as a systemfunction as a system

Flows and StoragesFlows and Storages

Flows consist of inputs and outputsFlows consist of inputs and outputs Inputs are matter and/or energy coming into a Inputs are matter and/or energy coming into a

systemsystem Eg. ???Eg. ???

Outputs are matter and/or energy leaving a systemOutputs are matter and/or energy leaving a system Eg. ???Eg. ???

Storages (stocks)-the accumulation of matter in Storages (stocks)-the accumulation of matter in a systema system Eg. A carbon atom in the carbon cycleEg. A carbon atom in the carbon cycle

Example of storage Example of storage diagram—Carbon Cyclediagram—Carbon Cycle

Let’s practice Let’s practice

transfers transfers

and and

transformationstransformations

Transfer and Transfer and Transformation Transformation ProcessesProcesses

Transfers normally flow through a system Transfers normally flow through a system and involve a change in location.and involve a change in location. Example: water runoff, dead organic matter Example: water runoff, dead organic matter

entering a lakeentering a lake Transformations lead to an interaction Transformations lead to an interaction

within a system in the formation of a new within a system in the formation of a new end product or involve a change of state.end product or involve a change of state. Example: Evaporation, decomposition of Example: Evaporation, decomposition of

dead organic matter.dead organic matter.

Transfer and Transfer and Transformation in Transformation in the Water Cyclethe Water Cycle

Recreate this picture on your white board. 1.Draw arrows to represent input and output quantities2.boxes for storages, 3.label the input/output arrows with whether you think water is being transferred or transformed.