Systemic requirement for

school infrastructure

• Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) project is based on unique philosophy which is different that other projects.

• Under SSA, the civil works are executed through community participation, where as in all other engineering departments, the civil works are executed through contract.

• Under SSA, implementation of civil works is done by community i.e. School Management Committee (SMC).

• Engineers work has facilitator and not has inspector.• All funds are released as advance as provided in

manual on financial management and procurement.• RTE act 2009, has come into force from 1st April 2010.• The schedule period for completion of school

infrastructure as per RTE act is 31.03.13.

• Schedule to the RTE act 2009 lays down norms and standards for school building as under:

All weather building consisting of:• at least one class-room for every teacher and• An office cum store cum head teacher’s room• barrier-free access;• separate toilets for boys and girls;• safe and adequate drinking water facility to all

children;• a kitchen where mid-day meal is cooked in the school;• playground;• arrangements for securing the school building by

boundary wall or fencing.• There shall be a library in each school providing

newspaper, magazines and books on all subjects, including story-books.

• Systemic requirements are:-• Community Participation through (SMC): -

School Infrastructure is to be under taken by SMC or equal bodies. No contractor can be engaged except in the rare cases of such buildings as in the opinion of PAB, requires special designs and skills.

• Community construction manual: - This manual is required with SMC, with all engineers, at block level, district level for reference.

• Community training: - Before start of construction community/ members of SMC need training and can be imparted at cluster/block level. Training need to be given in between the construction.

• Ensuring land: - Before planning any component in AWP&B, land has to be ensured by the planner. If land is not ensured, the consequences can be damaging for the SSA as well for State.

• Memorandum of under standing (MoU): - Before the funds are released, MoU has to be signed by SMC and district level functionaries as a legal document, which should have :

a) Name of the componentb) Amount of the componentc) Time for completiond) The other details

• Fund Flow: - This has to be as per manual on financial management and procurement item 116.6 (e)

• Mobilisation advance upon start up= 75% of cost• Plastering and completion =25% of cost• Planning Process: - The Process has to start at

school/habitation level. It is understood that school mapping is available in the school. The balance required components need to be planned with in the civil works ceiling..

• Transparency and accountability: - A very important requirement. The funds received and community contribution received to be accounted and transparency maintained through daily expenditure register, daily cement register and site order book.

• Maintenance of daily expenditure register: - For all purchases relating to civil works such as, building material, must-roll/labor employed and any other expenditure incurred, it is necessary for social audit of gram Sabha besides regular financial audit. .The daily expenditure register is to be maintained with minutest details like, date of purchase, Voucher no, name of the agency, description of material, quantity of material, unit rate of the material, mode of payment (By cheque or cash) and amount paid. The register should be available to SSA functionaries visiting school for check.

• Daily cement register: - For any infrastructure, cement is vital and most important item for quality assurance. To ensure quality in civil works, maintenance of daily cement register, giving detail of cement received,

Contd.

detail of cement bags consumed every day, with description of item of construction such as Brick masonry, plaster, lintel, slab, flooring etc. and balance at the end of the day. Daily cement balance must tally with the physical balance lying in the store.

• Site order book: - All instruction/ direction in respect of civil works are given in site order book. Any SSA functionaries visiting the school infrastructure during construction must record his comments with dated signature.

• Transparency Board:- For community and Gram sabha

• All the documents mentioned above are essential for social audits, quality assurance and shall be reviewed and signed by all functionaries visiting the school.

Date V. No Name of the

agency

Description of material

Quantity of

material

Unit cost/ rate

amount Mode of payment

Daily Expenditure Register for civil works only

Date Cement received

Cement consume

Description of item

balance

Daily Cement Register for civil works only

• Supervision structure: - There is no substitute for adequate and intensive supervision for civil works. SSA guidelines have been issued vide letter October 2002, 15th December 2003 and 11th February 2005. The suggestive supervision structure is:

a) Block level: - At least one JE at each block. Ideally a JE can handle 10-15 sites at a time effectively. The JE must visit sites at important levels.

b) District level: - One or Two EE/AE with Draftman and clerk. The district engineer must go to field at least 8-10 days in a month and must be present at the time of casting slab.

c) State Level: - one or more Sr. Engineers supported with EEs/AE, Draftsmen and Secretarial Staff. The State engineers must visit field at least 7-8 days in a month.

d) For medium and large states there is need for supervision structure at divisional level.

• Completion of work: - On completion, the receipt and expenditure must be reconciled, completion reports as per designs drawings are prepared, building handed over and all accounts adjusted and settled.

• Mobility: - For efficient and effective supervision, all engineers are to be mobile and should remain in field for sufficient time to facilitate community and resource support. Similarly liberal norms of TA/DA are provided for JEs for intensive supervision.

• Quality assurance: - Quality is not achieved by an accident; it is always the result of intelligent efforts. The quality can be achieved only if

a) Quality in site selectionb) Quality in design by expert designers, catering for

hazard resistant designs where ever required. (for odisha state design must ensure for possible cyclones)

c) Selection of appropriate building materiald) Procurement of quality building material as per

State specification/ISI codes.e) Adopting context specific technologies f) Adequate training of SMCg) Intensive supervision at all level of the componenth) Adequate supervision by block, district and state

level engineersi) In house in built quality control system for

testing of building material j) Independent third party quality assurance including

checking quality at 4-5 stages of construction and testing of building material and building technologies.

• Testing of building material: - The suggestive tests are

a) Testing sand by sieve analysis apparatus:- For fine and coarse sand and comparing the grading of sand with State specific grading/IS code grading, and also working out fineness modulus (FM).

Sieve Set

Motorised Sieve Shaker

• Cement water ratio and determining consistency of concrete: - The test is very important as by adding more water than required, it reduces the strength of the cement concrete. The sample for test shall be taken at a mixer and shall be compacted in four layers by temping rod. The slump so produce will be as under.

2.5

1.3

10

0.2THICK

30

0.6

0.2 THICK

AT LEAST 1.6 mmTHICK

5

1ODIA

2 ODIA

ALL DIMENSIONSARE IN CM.

FIG - 1

The following maximum and minimum values of slump are The following maximum and minimum values of slump are recommended for various types of construction.recommended for various types of construction.

Slump in mmTypes of construction

Vibrators used Vibrators not used

1. Mass concrete infoundation Footing,retaining wall & pavement

10-25 50-75

10-25 80

25-40 100-125

2. R.C.C. Work-

(a) Mass concrete infoundation, footingand retaining wall

(b) Beam, slab,columns and wall(simplereinforcement)

(c) Beam, slab, column,wall fascia (Thinsection or heavilyreinforced sections)

40-50 125-150

3. Thin section of flooringless than 75 mm thick

25-40 75-100

• Cement concrete cube test: - cubes of 15 cm X 15 cm X 15 cm are required, which will be filled in layer of 5 cm deep. These will be compacted either by hand or by vibrator and shall be tested after 7 days or 28 days after curing.

Compression Testing Machines with Load Gauges

Cube Moulds and cube

• Determining compressive strength of bricks: - The compressive strength of the bricks can be determined by compression testing machine as shown above.

• Determining water absorption of bricks.

• CEMENT MORTAR TEST: - To assess cement sand ratio of the mortar used or in use. The representative sample of the cement mortar shall be taken from 4 to 5 places from the brick or stone masonry already constructed. Otherwise the sample can also be taken from the cement mortar being used. The testing of the mortar will be carried out in the laboratory by chemical analysis and ratio of cement and sand can be found.

• The other requirements for quality construction and constructing building free of cracks are:

a) Bed plates: - Below the beams

b) Bearing plaster: - Below the slab.

c) Grooves: - Wherever two different material join

d) Drip Course: - In projection and sun shades.

• Independent third party evaluation: - Quality assurance through third party evaluation. The agency shall visit components 4-5 times at various stages to ensure that required specification have been followed and building has been completed in accordance with design drawings. The agency also to test the building material and building technology and guide the field engineers on quality construction.

Whole School Development Plan

(WSDP)

a) Draft guideline issued vide memo dated 16th July 2010.

b) Developing of school infrastructure is comprehensive exercise for developing school building with its indoor and outdoor spaces

c) To contribute goal of universal access/retentiond) To contribute to quality and equity in educatione) To develop well thought out physical learning

environment as seen in integrated system.f) It is no longer to be visualized as mere physical

structure of collection of rooms.g) Every school component and space to be seen

from the lenses of right of the child and learning.

• Vision of the school: - a) The school has to be inclusive and

pedagogically rich, sustainable eco system.

b) Safe and secure from hazardc) Incorporating elements of green

architectural d) Optimum resource utilization through

culturally and environmentally sustainable practices.

• The Guiding principals of WSDP: - a) Child-centered planning with overall development of

child (physical, social, emotional and cognitive) addressed

b) Responsive towards needs of all children and the diversity they bring in a school

c) Entire school space (indoor and outdoor) as learning continuum for a child and the teacher - this is to be recognised by all stakeholders while planning

d) Developing the entire school space as resource for fun and learning activities using ideas of Building as Learning Aid (BaLA) and CFE

e) A safe and secure environment for all childrenf) Clean and hygienic environment for all children

g) Maximising the whole school as a resource – not just for children and teachers of that school but also for the community and neighborhood schools

h) Respectful towards the local context and tradition – wisdom, social needs, educational needs, culture, geology, climate, flora-fauna, etc.

i) Optimum resource utilisation and cost-effectiveness

j) Integrates good practices in environmentally sustainable designs – to demonstrate and practice them

k) Scope for future expansion

• The aim of this presentation is to accelerate the pace of the progress of school infrastructure and meet with the requirement of RTE act 2009 and complete them before scheduled period, ultimately developing into WSDP.