System Programming

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IntroductionSystem

Program

Programming

Software

System program

System programming

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IntroductionTwo types of software

System software designed to operate and control the computer

hardware Example: OS ,assembler

application software are often called productivity programs or end-user

programs because they enable the user to complete tasks such as creating documents, spreadsheets, databases, and publications ,etc .

Example: word processor, database program,IRCTC.

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IntroductionNeed of system Software:-

To achieve effective performance of the system.

To make effective execution of general user program.

To make effective utilization of human resources.

To make available new, better facilities.

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IntroductionApplication of system software:-

It increases the productivity of computer

translate normal language into machine language.

efficient management of various resources.

manages multiprocessing, paging, segmentation, resource allocation.

Operating system and File systems allow flexible storing and retrieval of information

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IntroductionComponents of system programming:-

Interpreter AssemblerCompiler Macros and microprocessor Formal systemsDebuggerLinkersOperating system.

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Introduction

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Macros a single instruction that expands

automatically into a set of instructions to perform a particular task.

used as general text handlers and for specializing operating system

To design OS.Macro processor processes macro(macro

call and macro expansion)

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Macros Example

::

ADD 1, DATAADD 2, DATAMEND

:ADD 1, DATAADD 2, DATA

:DATA DC F’5’

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Macros Example(Macro definition)SyntaxexampleMACRO MACROMACRO NAME INCRINSTRUCTION 1 A 1, DATAINSTRUCTION 2 A 2, DATA...MEND MEND

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AssemblerComponents of system programming:-

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Macros Example(Macro call)Macro call(SYNTAX) macro call(example)MACRO MACROMACRO NAME INCRINSTRUCTION 1 ADD 1, DATAINSTRUCTION 2 ADD 2, DATA::MEND MEND:INSTRUCTION ADD 3, DATA:MACRO NAME INCR:: DATA DC F’5

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Macros

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EVOLUTION OF SYSTEM SOFTWARE:-The earliest computers were entirely programmed in a

M/C language.

Programmer hand assemble into machine code.

Use of assembler

Use of relocating loaders

Linkers

Multiple copies of the same program run at the same time.

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EVOLUTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM:-It is the software which manages hardware of

the computer and provides those resources, through an API, to application programs.

FORTRAN

Batch Operating System:

Multiprogramming :

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EVOLUTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM:-FORTRAN

place the FORTRAN compiler (green deck) in the card hopper

Place source code deck into the card hopper and punch object code on red card.

Load a pink deck of cards marked “loader”Place newly translated object deck in the card

hopperPlace the card of subroutine in card hopperthe loader would transfer execution to the users

program & add data card

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EVOLUTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM:-FORTRAN disadvantages

Waste of computer timeBatch operating system

advantages facility to batch jobs was provided Utilization of computer time

Disadvantages inefficient management of resources Costly Memory wastage

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EVOLUTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM:-Multiprogramming OS with partitioned core memory

Fragmentationreloadable partitions Paging

Simple paging Demand Paging

Traffic controllerSchedulerI/O processorI/O programmingSegmentFiles

Directories Data or Programs

Time sharingVirtual memory