System Ecology Nana Ivana Hrastnik 9.3.2015. Intro Ecology is broad and diverese field of study. The...
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Transcript of System Ecology Nana Ivana Hrastnik 9.3.2015. Intro Ecology is broad and diverese field of study. The...
IntroIntroEcology is broad and diverese field of study.The basic distinctions in ecology is
considered between AUTECOLOGY and SYNECOLOGY.
Ecosystem ecology maintains that it's always possible to convert species numbers into biomass or nutrient mass.
HistoryHistoryThrough of history of systems
concepts, the two dominant and competing ecological paradigmas were:the organismic viewsthe individualistic views.
The main ecosystem and related concepts:
The oldest concept
The youngest concept
Microcosm Broadening of the biocoenosis conceptEcoid Unholistic
Okologisches system Still being used to avoid argumentHolocoen Holistic, biologisticEcosystem Antiholistic, physicalistBiosystem Stressing functional organization
Bioinert body BiogeochemicalBiochore Landscape ecological
Landschaft Holistic
Defining an EcosystemDefining an Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a bounded system.The main features of the ecosystem, energy, flow and nutrient biogeochemical cycling, comprise the major areas of ecosystem ecology research.
Energy Flow in EcosystemsEnergy Flow in Ecosystems An ecosystem is an open system energy and matter input from
outside Every ecosystem must have a system boundary Energy flow begins: solar radiation in primary producers Secondary production: refers to the energetic availability of the
heterotrophic organisms Plants provide the essential base for all ecological food webs Energy resources flowing through the ecosystem are necessary to maintain all growth and development activities. Early stage energy availability is generally used for growth, while later energy surplus is used for maintenance or reproduction
Biofeochemical CyclesBiofeochemical Cycles
Biosphere Hydrosphere Atmosphere Lithosphere
H 49% H 65% N 78% O 62%
O 24% O 33% O 21% Si 22%
C 24% Cl <0,4% Ar <1% Al 6,5%
N <0,1% Na <0,3% C <0,05%
H 3%
Ca <0,1% Mg <0,05%
Ne 0,002%
Na 2,6%
Atomic composition for the first 5 elements
Human Influence on Human Influence on EcosystemEcosystemHumans have changed ecosystems more
rapidly and extensively over the last 50 years than in any comparable period of time in human history!!
Four primary ecosystem services needed by humans:supportingprovisioningregulatingcultural
SummarySummaryEcosystem ecology deals with:
functioning at the system level of the ecological community with its abiotic environment, primarily in terms of the energy flow
nutrient cycling.
Research in ecosystem ecology has given understanding of:processesfunctions necessary to sustain life
QuestionsQuestions1. What is the difference between
autecology and synecology?2. What are the main ecosystem and
related concepts?3. How does energy flow in ecosystem
begin?4. Which elements have been the most
employed in living organisms?5. Why do we use ecosystem ecology?
AnswersAnswers1. What is the difference between autecology and
synecology?Autecology is the ecological study of an individual organism and populations and subecology is study of ecological study of relationship among the organisms and populations – it’s a study of whole planet.
2. What are the main ecosystem and related concepts (4)?The main ecosystems are: 1) biochore – landscape ecological,
2) ecosystem - antiholistic, 3) microcosm – biocoenosis concept,
4) bioinert body – biogeochemical.
3. How does energy flow in ecosystem begin?
It begins with the solar radiation by photosynthetic proccesses.