Synthetic dyesNatural dyes

Text: Chapter 12 pp 400-405

Natural fibers: cellulose(polysaccharides)

Text: Chapter 4 pp 143-149

Cellulose FibersCottonLinen

Cellulose Derivatives(viscose) Rayon

(viscose) Acetate

Natural fibers: proteins

Protein Fibers: silk and wool

Text: Chapter 4 pp 143-149

Synthetic fibers:

Text: Chapter 12 pp 406-422

Cellulose Derivatives(viscose) Rayon

(viscose) Acetate

The chemical processMaking Viscose Rayon

Synthetic fibers:

Viscose Acetate

Text: Chapter 12 pp 406-422

The chemical processMaking Viscose Acetate

How Dyes Attach to Fibers

Text: Chapter 12 pp 406-422

Acid dyes use electrostatic interactions

Mordants bind to dyes and to fibers

Text: Chapter 12 pp 406-422

How Dyes Attach to Fibers

How a reactive dye binds to fibers

Perkins Purple

Mauveine was discovered serendipitously in 1856 by 18-year old William Henry Perkin, who was trying to synthesize the anti-malaria drug quinine as a challenge from his professor, August Wilhelm von Hofmann. In one of his attempts, Perkin oxidized aniline using potassium dichromate. Under these conditions, the aniline reacted with toluidine impurities in it to produce a black solid, a fairly common result in "failed" organic syntheses.

While trying to clean out his flask, Perkin discovered that some component of the black solid dissolved in alcohol to give a purple-colored solution, which proved to be an effective dye for silk and other textiles.Wikipedia’s story

And this was the beginning of the chemical industry ….

Perkin Transactionsof the Royal Society of ChemistryUK

Major journal reportingOrganic Chemistry

Related hydrocarbon rings from petroleum Related rings in dyes (in pigments)