Synergy with new radio facilities: from LOFAR to SKA · New Radio Facilities Frequencies Surveys?...
Transcript of Synergy with new radio facilities: from LOFAR to SKA · New Radio Facilities Frequencies Surveys?...
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ASTRON is part of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) XMM-Newton: the next decade, May 2016
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
Synergy with new radio facilities: from LOFAR to SKA
Raffaella Morganti
ASTRON (NL) and Kapteyn Institute (Groningen)
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New generation radio telescopes
Major new capabilities of radio telescopes:
★ large field of view
★ broad instantaneous band
★ fast response
Commensality of the observations ➜ allow a variety of different science using one pointing
New possibilities for the science ➜ but huge datasets and need for pipelines
Availability of ancillary data very important! Coordination with other facilities/telescopes essential for success
Many sq deg in one pointing! with high spatial resolution
HI over large redshift, spectral properties, magnetism
Transient events
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New Radio Facilities Frequencies Surveys? Status
LOFAR North 40 - 200 MHz Yes Operational Cycle 6
Apertif-WSRT North 1.15 - 1.7 GHz Yes Close to completion Commissioning
MWA South 74 - 230 MHz Yes Operational
ASKAP South 0.7 - 1.8 GHz Yes Close to completion Commissioning
MeerKAT South 00.6 – 1.0 GHz 1.0 – 1.7 GHz
Large areas, famous fields
Close to completion Commissioning
Square Kilometre Array - SKA
HI
HI
HI
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Some new (low spatial resolution) surveys
Frequencies
Resolution
Web site References
MSSS: Multifrequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS)- LOFAR
150 MHz http://vo.astron.nl/ Heald et al. 2015
http://arxiv.org/abs/1509.01257
GLEAM: The GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA survey
150MHz
2.5arcmin
http://mwatelescope.org/astronomers/public-data-release
http://arxiv.org/abs/1505.06041Wayth, et al. 2015
TGSS - GMRT 150MHz
~25 arcsec
http://tgssadr.strw.leidenuniv.nl/doku.php http://arxiv.org/abs/1603.04368
Intema et al. 2016
Observations often taken in different epochs to enable also search for transients
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The LOw Frequency ARray
• Transients Key Science Project ➜ PIs: Rob Fender, Ben Stappers, Ralph Wijers
• Imaging surveys Key Science Project ➜ PI: Huub Rottgering
• Unique because:
38 stations in NL spread over ~100 km 12 international stations
➜ high spatial resolution (arcsec to subarcsec) at low freq (~40-200 MHz) and large field of view
High Band Antenna Low Band Antenna
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LOFAR imaging SURVEYS• PI: Huub Rottgering (Leiden)
co-I: Miley, Brugger, Brunetti, Best, Morganti, Jackson, White, Jarvis, Conway, Chyzy, Barthel, Lehnert
• Goals @ 150MHz: all northern sky, 8h per pointing, 5” images with 100 µJy/beam noise
• Entering production mode (leading the data reduction: Tim Shimwell, Leiden)
➜ where are we now? relatively easy to reach 20” HBA (@150MHz), major progress on the pipeline to reach higher resolutions; LBA (~60MHz) more difficult (calibration issues)
• synergy with (slow)transients ➜ more than one observation per pointing in different epochs
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Example of the Boötes field at 150MHz with 5” resolution
Williams et al. MNRAS 2016 astro-ph/1605.01531
One pointing: 6546 sources detected over
an area of 19deg2
~4 d
egre
es
Some of the famous fields first targets for LOFAR
A number of famous fields done: Lockman Hole (Mahony et al.), HETDEX (Shimwell et al.), XMM-LSS (Best et al.), Herschel-ATLAS (Hardcastle et al.) etc.
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Energetics of radio galaxies: combining X-ray and low-frequencies spectral information
X-ray providing an indipendent way to derive the magnetic field strength (for IC process)
➜ need constraints for spectrum at low frequencies (seeds electrons)
radio obs
synchrotron
IC-CMB
X-ray obs
SSC3C452
3C223N
Harwood et al. 2016 MNRAS arXiv:1603.04438
The total lobe energy density is greater than previous estimates
LOFAR @ 150MHz
Characterise the entire radio galaxy/starburst population (not only the most powerful radio galaxies!)
Morganti, Hardcastle, Rottgering et al. Friday, 13 May 16
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Clusters and cluster relics
Duy Hoang et al. in prep
Abell 2034, Shimwell et al. 2016 astro-ph/1603.06591
Searching for new clusters and cluster relics
Brugger, Brunetti, Rottgering et al. Friday, 13 May 16
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LOFAR transients (http://www.transientskp.org/)
•in imaging ➜ slow transients, fast transients (still to come)
• AARTFAAC (will send real-time alert, PI: Ralph Wijers )
Amsterdam—ASTRON Radio Transients Facility and Analysis Centre
http://www.aartfaac.org all sky monitor at low spatial resolution
•in time-domain ➜ e.g. pulsars
•Transients Key Science project ➜ PI Rob Fender, Ben Stappers, Ralph Wijersall time-variable astronomical radio sources, including pulsars, gamma-ray bursts, fast radio bursts, X-ray binaries, radio supernovae, flare stars, exo-planets.
Including a Multi-Messenger Follow-Up Working Group
soon we will be able to trigger from radio transients and accurate locate their positions
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AARTFAAC&–&a&real,-me&sky&monitor&
Credit:&Mark&Kuiack&Prasad&et&al.&(2014),&Cendes&et&al.&(in&prep)&
PI Ralph Wijers
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The$first$low$frequency$transient$(LOFAR$NCP)$
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Stewart$et$al.$(2015)$Frequency$57$MHz$DuraIon$~4$minutes$
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• Fast transients: responsive telescope needed
• No movable parts, MWA already fast response but low spatial resolution, LOFAR not so fast yet (day?) preparing for real time alert!
GRB, FRB, GW Explore a range of different timescales for triggered transient searches with LOFAR
from Antonia Rowlinson
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Kaplan,'Rowlinson'et'al.'(2015)'
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800Time Since GRB (s)
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Antonia Rowlinson et al. Friday, 13 May 16
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X-ray dim, un-pulsed
X-ray bright, pulsed
Radio bright
Pulsar magnetospheric mode switchingHermsen et al. 2013, Science
Radio dim
“B-Mode”
“Q-Mode”
Discovery of correlated radio/X-ray mode switching
XMM+LOFAR+GMRT
Indicating global changes to the conditions in the magnetosphereFriday, 13 May 16
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➜
Possibilities at GHz frequencies ‣ New instruments: Apertif (NL), ASKAP (Aus), Meerkat (SA)
‣ Apertif (FoV~8 sqdeg, PIs: T. Oosterloo, M. Verheijen) complementary to LOFAR for continuum and for transients
‣ Search for HI
Apertif system @ WSRT z = 0.44 HI
Allison et al. (2015; arXiv:1503.01265)
example from ASKAP
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traced by X-ray ➜ winds from accretion disks (Tombesi et al., Pounds et al., see Cappi talk tomorrow)
traced on larger scale by HI absorption?
➜ large HI absorption surveys may provide targets of outflows for X-ray follow-up
Case of Mrk231 Tom
bes
i et
al. 2
012
Morganti et al. 2016
AGN-driven outflows Feruglio et al. 2015
21cm HI absorption
~1300 km/s
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Square Kilometre Array (SKA1)
• combines all capabilities (and more) of the pathfinders with extra sensitivity
• ongoing preparatory negotiation for Intergovernmental Organisation
How will the time allocation work? Key Science Projects and based on the contribution of the countries
SKA low - WAustralia
SKA high - South Africa
http://pos.sissa.it/cgi-bin/reader/conf.cgi?confid=215Advancing Astrophysics with the Square Kilometre Array
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Conclusions
•SKA 1 is coming: more opportunities, involvement in the preparation of the surveys is welcome!
• Many new possibilities with the present/upcoming radio facilities• New large surveys in continuum and line• Transients ➜ in the future we will have a “two-ways” synergy
•A better coordination between radio and X-ray (and in particular XMM) observations may result in larger and less biased samples of interesting objects and provide an important synergy valuable to both communities
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