Synergy of Plug-In Vehicles in Microgrids

1. The Synergy of Plug-in Vehicles in Micro-grids
Peter Lilienthal, Ph.D.
CEO, HOMER Energy
[email protected]
Automotive Research Center Conference
May 24th, 2011
2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304www.homerenergy.com

2. What is a Microgrid?
Set of loads and generation sources capable of autonomous islanded operation
Microgrids make EVs more valuable
And vice versa
Reliability
Renewables
Smart grid
3. Background and History
Remote and island grids are not new
Grid-connected microgrids are coming
Dependent on liquid fuels from petroleum
4. 3 Disruptive Innovations
Electric vehicles
Distributed controls
Low cost PV
Grid Parity
5. PV Price Trend
http://srren.ipcc-wg3.de/ipcc-srren-generic-presentation-1
6. Clean Power Evolution
Large utilities have security and regulatory obstacles
7. Microgrids and Plug-in Vehicles
Grid benefits of distributed storage
Save fuel and $s
Stabilize the grid
Reliability
8. Economic Benefits
Long term storage (hours)
Throughput costs ~ $0.40/ kWh in battery wear
Only economic now for small loads

Short term storage (minutes)

Variable renewables => more spinning reserve
Generators have:
Minimum load constraints
Ramp rate constraints
Low efficiency at low load

Storage is a better reserve resource

9. A little storage goes a long way2334 Broadway, #B, Boulder, Co. 80304www.homerenergy.com
10. Grid stability
Benefit to both microgrid and central grid
Frequency and voltage control
Renewable contribution
Diesel-off operation
11. Local Reliability Benefits
Storage for short outages
Hybrid renewables for extended outages
12. Types of Vehicles
Battery size
Pure EV or hybrid
V2G or Smart Charging
Power transfer capability
110 volt x 30 amps = 3.3 kW = 4hp
220 volt x 50 amp = 11 kW = 15 hp
13. Types of Microgrids
Remote microgrids
Global experience
Alaska and Australia
HOMERs 60,000 users in 193 countries
Grid-connected microgrids
Reliability requirements
Sustainability mandates
14. Too Many Choices
Solar
Fuel Cells
Wind
Micro-turbines
Hydro
Geothermal
Micro-grids
Biomass
Demand Response
New Storage Techs.
Electric Vehicles
Load Management
Smart grids
15. What is best?
Depends on the application
Resources
Loads
Equipment prices
Equipment performance
A confused mind says No!
Hybrid optimization with the HOMER software
16. HOMER History
1993 Village Power
Internal NREL use
2001 Public version 2.0
Larger grid-connected systems
2005 Plug-in vehicle
Internal NREL use
2009 HOMER Energy spun off
2011 Version 3.0
Ease of customization
17. Conclusion
EVs & microgrids: a perfect match.
Grid integration is important.
The HOMER software can help.

Synergy of Plug-In Vehicles in Microgrids

Automotive

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