Organized by Hosted by In collaboration with Supported by

Synergies between electric vehicles and solar electricity penetrations in Portugal

Pedro Nunes Miguel C Brito Tiago Farias

19 Nov 2013

Organized by Hosted by In collaboration with Supported by

2/14

Outline

> Contextual framework

> Motivation

> Modelling

> Scenario

> Results

> Wrap-up

Organized by Hosted by In collaboration with Supported by

3/14

> Portugal is among the best places in Europe to

produce solar electricity

> But that capacity is underused (penetration ≈1%)

Contextual framework

Organized by Hosted by In collaboration with Supported by

4/14

Contextual framework

> Portugal is a world pioneer in the promotion of the EV

> 1 300 regular charging stations

> 50 fast charging stations

Organized by Hosted by In collaboration with Supported by

5/14

Contextual framework

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2005 2015 2025 2035 2045

EV fleet (M

)

PV installed capacity (GW)

PV historical data + EPIAforecast until 2016PV scenario

EV scenario

Line of EPIA Irradition-driven scenario for 2030 (13,92 GW)

Organized by Hosted by In collaboration with Supported by

6/14

Motivation

> To study the

synergies/interactions

between PV and EV

deployments and the

existing electricity mix in

the Portuguese 2050

load diagram

PV

EV

mix

Load diagram

2050

Organized by Hosted by In collaboration with Supported by

7/14

Modelling

2011 data collection:

• Electricity demand

• Installed capacities

• Efficiencies

• Distribution profiles

• Annual water supply

• Minimum output levels

Electricity system

model setup for

2011 year

Outputs for

2011 year

Results as

expected? No

Model

adjustement

Model setup under

scenario conditions W/O

EV

Model setup under

scenario conditions WITH

EV

Yes

Outputs:

• Load diagram

• Curtailment

• Shares

• Maximum

feasible

capacities

• Etc.

Organized by Hosted by In collaboration with Supported by

8/14

2050 Scenario

> Assumptions based on literature, e.g., EU, EPIA,

IEA, PNAER

> Charging profiles considered:

night

morning

working hours

0

0,5

1

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

night morning working hours

Organized by Hosted by In collaboration with Supported by

9/14

Results

> 2050 late April week load diagram, no EV

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18

GW

Sun excess Wind excess Sun usedWind used Large hydro Run of riverNatural gas Simple load Load + hydropumpHydropump

Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Monday

18,2% surplus

Organized by Hosted by In collaboration with Supported by

10/14

Results

> Same week, with EV work shift charging profile

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18 0 6 12 18

GW

Sun excess Wind excess Sun usedWind used Large hydro Run of riverNatural gas Simple load Load + hydropump + EVHydropump EV

Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Monday

12% surplus

Organized by Hosted by In collaboration with Supported by

11/14

Results

> PV maximum feasible installable capacity as

function of different EV charging time-profiles

15,813,6

15,5

12,1

02468

1012141618

work shift night morning no EV

Maximum feasible PV

installed capacity (GW)

EPIA line for irradition-driven

scenario for 2030 (13,9 GW)

Organized by Hosted by In collaboration with Supported by

12/14

Results

0

5

10

15

20

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3

Energy excess (%)

EV fleet (M)

working hours charge

night charge

> Excess of electricity in the grid as function of the

size of the EV fleet

Organized by Hosted by In collaboration with Supported by

13/14

Wrap-up

> EV storage capacity allows for the penetration of

solar PV

> Working shift charging profile allows more solar

electricity penetration than other profiles

> Even in a scenario of high penetration of EV in

the national LD vehicles fleet (40%), it was clear

that not all the electricity generation can be

absorbed internally

Organized by Hosted by In collaboration with Supported by

14/14

Thank you

pmnunes@fc.ul.pt

Organized by Hosted by In collaboration with Supported by

Synergies between electric vehicles and solar electricity penetrations in Portugal

Pedro Nunes Miguel C Brito Tiago Farias

INSTITUTO

DOM LUIZ

19 Nov 2013