Synchro Studio Getting Started - Trafficware, a CUBIC...

Synchro Studio with Warrants and TripGen

Getting Started and What’s New in Version 10

Synchro Studio 10, Warrants 10, & TripGen 10 Updated July 13, 2017 Getting Started and What’s New

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Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 1-2

LICENSE OPTIONS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1-2 READER VERSIONS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1-2

Synchro ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1-2 SimTraffic .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1-2 3D Viewer.......................................................................................................................................................................... 1-3 Warrants ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1-3 TripGen ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1-3

CHAPTER 2 – OPERATING SYSTEM AND SOFTWARE PREREQUISITES .............................................................................. 2-1

BASIC REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................................................................ 2-1 WINDOWS 7/8/10 PREREQUISITES .............................................................................................................................................. 2-1

CHAPTER 3 – INSTALLING SYNCHRO STUDIO 10 ............................................................................................................. 3-1

TO ACTIVATE SYNCHRO STUDIO 10, WARRANTS 10, AND TRIPGEN 10 ............................................................................................... 3-5 TO DEACTIVATE SYNCHRO STUDIO 10, WARRANTS 10, AND TRIPGEN 10 ............................................................................................ 3-7 TO VIEW SAMPLE FILES .............................................................................................................................................................. 3-7 LIST OF SAMPLE FILES ................................................................................................................................................................. 3-7

CHAPTER 4 - WHAT’S NEW IN SYNCHRO AND SIMTRAFFIC ............................................................................................. 4-1

RIBBON BAR ............................................................................................................................................................................. 4-1 HCM 6TH EDITION ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4-3

Signalized Intersections .................................................................................................................................................... 4-4 Two-Way Stop Control (TWSC) and All-Way Stop Control (AWSC) Intersections ............................................................. 4-6 Roundabouts ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4-6

Updated July 13, 2017 Synchro Studio 10, Warrants 10, & TripGen 10 Getting Started and What’s New

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Chapter 1 – Introduction Welcome to Version 10, the latest release of the Synchro Studio, Warrants, and TripGen software applications. Trafficware's software suite is a complete solution for analysis, optimization and simulation of roadway networks. Using Synchro Studio, traffic professionals can easily analyze capacity and timing optimization as well as simulate, check and fine-tune traffic signal operations. With Warrants, the user can check the need for a traffic signal based on user input traffic volumes. TripGen is an easy to use tool that determines the estimated number of trips generated by a variety of ITE land use categories.

License Options Trafficware offers the following purchase options.

• Synchro Studio 10 (Synchro, SimTraffic, 3D Viewer and SimTraffic CI)

• Synchro/SimTraffic 10 (includes SimTraffic CI software)

• Synchro/SimTraffic 10 Light (includes SimTraffic CI software)

• 3D Viewer 10

• Warrants 10 (Not part of Synchro Studio)

• TripGen 10 (Not part of Synchro Studio)

The Getting Started Guide, Synchro Studio 10 User Guide, Warrants 10 User Guide, and TripGen 10 User Guide together provide information on the full product line. Depending on your license level, you may not have access to the full features of the Studio Suite 10, Warrants 10, or TripGen 10. Contact Trafficware for details on licensing or visit http://www.trafficware.com/synchro-store.html.

Reader Versions Upon successfully downloading and installing the software, users have the option to use a read-only version of those applications that were not purchased. The following section highlights each of the software applications.

Synchro The Reader version can be used to preview data and perform limited functions within the software. Managers often use this mode to review the work of their co-workers, or agencies to review the work of their consultants. Report creation is not available, and files may not be edited or saved.

SimTraffic The Reader version can be used to playback prerecorded history files. This allows unlicensed users to view animation files. If you would like to share a SimTraffic animation with a colleague or run an animation on a laptop, install and use Synchro and SimTraffic in the Reader mode. The Reader can view the animations but not make changes. You will need the following files to run a prerecorded SimTraffic animation:

1. The Synchro Data file (SYN)

2. The SimTraffic Parameters file (SIM)

3. The History file (HST)

4. Timing or volume data files, if data access is used.

5. The Synchro/SimTraffic download file (setup.exe).

The Reader Version of the software must be the same version number as was used to record the .hst file(s). Check installation version within the software by selecting Help>About Synchro/SimTraffic.

http://www.trafficware.com/synchro-store.html


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3D Viewer The Reader version can be used only to view the sample file prepared by Trafficware, which is located in the Trafficware directory. The purpose of this file is to demonstrate the capabilities of the 3D Viewer application.

Warrants The Reader version can be used to open the Warrants sample file prepared by Trafficware in order to view the various functions within the software, including viewing individual warrants to determine if they have been met.

TripGen The Reader version can be used to open the TripGen sample files prepared by Trafficware in order to view the various functions within the software, including adding land uses (a limited list is included in the Reader version) to calculate the number of expected trips via the average rate or equation.


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Chapter 2 – Operating System and Software Prerequisites Synchro requires a few software prerequisites to operate. This section highlights these requirements.

Basic Requirements This section summarizes a few requirements related to the computer‘s set-up that should be reviewed prior to installing Synchro 10.

• Ensure Admin Rights have been allowed at the user level

• Hard drive cannot be compressed or encrypted

• Itanium drives are not supported

Windows 7/8/10 Prerequisites If you have a computer running Windows 7, 8, or 10 operating system, please modify the UAC settings prior to installation. After installation, the UAC settings can be reverted back if desired.

1. Go to Control Panel.

2. Select the “System and Security Icon”

3. Select the “Change User Account Control Settings” from the Action Center (or Security and Maintenance, in Windows 10).


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4. Pull down the scroll bar to the bottom.

5. Click OK to close the User Account Control Settings window.

6. REBOOT to have changes to security take effect.

7. Install and Activate as directed.

8. Once installation and activation have been completed, return to the Control Panel and set your security to the highest setting, if so desired.

9. REBOOT to have changes to security take effect.


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Chapter 3 – Installing Synchro Studio 10 This section guides you through the installation process for Synchro Studio 10, Warrants 10, and TripGen 10.

If this is an upgrade, make sure that the Synchro Studio version 9 software is installed prior to installing version 10. Please refer to the previous section regarding the UAC settings before completing the following steps.

Synchro 10 can be downloaded by visiting the Trafficware website, online.trafficware.com/downloads .

The Installation Wizard will guide you through the installation process (after you download the setup file). It is recommended that you close all other applications before starting installation. Press [Next] to begin.

http://www.trafficware.com/store


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1. Read the license agreement carefully.

Select the [I Agree] button to accept the terms of the license agreement and proceed with the installation. You must accept the license agreement to install Synchro Studio 10, Warrants 10, and TripGen 10.


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2. The Installation Wizard saves all files to the default directory C:\Program Files (x86)\Trafficware.

Synchro Studio 10, Warrants 10, and TripGen 10 are now ready to install. Select the [Install] button to install in the selected directory.


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3. When the installation is complete, you will be promoted to reboot your computer. It is recommended that you do this immediately, but you may reboot manually later. Select the [Finish] button to exit the Installation Wizard.


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To Activate Synchro Studio 10, Warrants 10, and TripGen 10

When you activate Synchro Studio 10, Warrants 10, and TripGen 10 activate under the user’s profile on the laptop/PC. Log on to the laptop/PC as the User Profile of the individual that will be using Synchro Studio 10, Warrants 10, and TripGen 10.

1. Select the Start Menu, then choose Programs→Trafficware→Synchro 10 (3D Viewer 10, Warrants 10, TripGen 10) or double click on the shortcut from your desktop.

2. Read the license agreement carefully.

Check the ‘I Accept the Trafficware® License Agreement and Microsoft ® Bing ™ Maps Terms of Use’ box to proceed.

Select [Activate] to proceed with the activation. Press [Reader] if you want to use the reader version. The reader version will allow you to try out the features by viewing the sample files. The sample files are located in the directory where you have installed Synchro Studio 10, Warrants 10, and TripGen 10. You will not be able to create your own network if activated in reader mode.

3. The first time using Synchro (3D Viewer, Warrants, TripGen), you will be asked to activate your software. Enter the requested information within the Application Activation dialog box shown below.

The information entered in the Application Activation dialog is used to setup the profile for online support with Trafficware. Be sure to enter the information for the individual that will be using the software.


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The License Key is provided by Trafficware and will be shown on your license certificate and will be emailed to you. The License Key is in the format (Serial Number / Company Name - Product Key).

To ensure accurate entry into the Application Activation dialog, copy the entire string from your email message and paste into the License Key box.

The entries with the asterisk (*) are required to activate the software.

After entering the necessary information, select [OK].

4. The next dialog gives you two options to activate and an option to activate later.

‘Activate using the Internet’ is the preferred method for activating your software. Choose this option and select [OK] to automatically and quickly activate your software. Use the ‘Activate Later’ option to work with Synchro Studio, Warrants, and TripGen during the grace period.

The grace period is forty-five days from the date of your order. When activating via the internet, a message may appear indicating that the invoice has not been paid.

If you do not have an internet connection, use the ‘Activate by Phone’ option and press [OK]. Follow the instructions on the Phone Activation dialog. Before calling, make sure the invoice has been paid and have your license key


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available. Trafficware staff will ask for the Machine Key listed in the Phone Activation dialog. With this information, an Activation Code will be provided.

To Deactivate Synchro Studio 10, Warrants 10, and TripGen 10 A Synchro license is activated to one user. You can de-activate on your primary user and move to another user.

1. Select the Start Menu, then choose Programs→Trafficware→Synchro 10 (3D Viewer, Warrants, TripGen) or double-click on the shortcut from your desktop.

2. From Synchro, choose Help→License Key.

3. Make a copy of your full License Key.

4. Choose the [Deactivate] button and write down the Deactivation Code.

5. Call Trafficware at (281) 240-7233, option 1 during business hours with the Deactivation Code. Or email the code to [email protected].

BE CAREFUL, this will deactivate your software on your machine. Once deactivated, you will need to contact Trafficware to reactivate on your laptop or PC. Please be sure to time this during normal business hours of 8:30am-4:00pm (CST) M-F.

To View Sample Files Synchro Studio, Warrants, and TripGen come with sample files so that you can see how street networks are modeled. To view the sample files:

1. From Synchro, choose the File→Open command.

2. Navigate to the C:\Program Files (x86)\Trafficware\Version10\Sample Files folder.

3. Select a file from the list.

4. Review the “Synchro Studio 10 Examples.pdf” document (installed in the Trafficware directory) to see how these files were created.

List of Sample Files The sample files are located in the Trafficware\Version 10\Sample Files directory. The table below is a listing of the files with a brief description. The column “HCM 6th Edition Compliant” indicates if the sample conforms to the HCM 6th Edition signalized intersection, TWSC, AWSC, or roundabout analysis methods. If the answer is “No”, then the sample file cannot be viewed in the HCM 6th Edition Settings Screen of Synchro.

Sample File Name Description HCM 6th Edition

Compliant Notes

HCM_AWSC_Example Coding elements for an All-Way Stop Control T-Intersection.

Yes This example matches the HCM 6th Edition, Chapter 32 – AWSC Example 1.

HCM_TWSC_Example

Coding elements for a Two-Way Stop Control intersection with flared approaches and median storage.

Yes This example matches the HCM 6th Edition, Chapter 32 – TWSC Example 3.

HCM_TWSC Ped_ Example

Coding elements for a Two-Way-Stop-Control intersection with pedestrian analysis.

Yes The Example matches the HCM 6th Edition, Chapter 32 – TWSC Example 2.

mailto:[email protected]


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Compliant Notes

Single Lane Roundabout

Coding elements for single lane roundabout with bypass lanes Yes This example matches the HCM 6th

Edition, Chapter 33 - Example 3.

Dual Lane Roundabout

Coding elements for dual lane roundabout without bypass lanes

Yes This example matches the HCM 6th Edition, Chapter 33 - Example 2.

99 diverging diamond3

Diverging Diamond Interchange (DDI), also known as a Double Crossover Diamond Interchange www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/09054/index.cfm

No

Includes a closely spaced frontage road intersection. Notice the use of the Link Offset (Simulation Settings) at the DDI intersections.

DLT Step 4 Signal Timing

Displaced Left Turn Intersection (DLT), also known as Continuous Flow Intersection (CFI), using all four quadrants https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/09055/

No

Synchro allows intersections to be grouped (clustered). The center intersection is set as unsignalized and all directions have sign control set to “Free”.

Leading Peds The EBR and WBR have a Hold phase 5, used to mimic a leading pedestrian interval

No

The EBR and WBR begin 5 seconds after the EBT and WBT. This allows the EB/WB ped phase to get a 5 second head start prior to the conflicting rights.

Super Street, Signalized

Example of a Super Street signalized network www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/04091/10.cfm#c1025

No

This file was created with two parallel E/W links. Node 100 and 240 are the signalized U-turn intersections. Notice that the cycle can vary for the EB and WB directions, thus allowing good progression in both directions.

Tucson concurrent lagging lefts

Example of concurrent lagging lefts as used in Tucson, AZ No

Notice the modified Ring & Barrier Designer. This ensures that the lagging lefts run concurrently.

2 Inter One Controller Coding for grouping two intersections using one controller

No

The two intersections in the “dog-leg” are tied to the same controller, by using the Cluster Editor in Synchro. Notice the Splits and Phasing diagram in the Timing Settings screen. It shows the phasing design for both intersections together.

6 Leg Intersection Example of a multiple approach intersection No

This example illustrates the use of barrier 3 to model the diagonal intersection.

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/09054/index.cfm



http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/04091/10.cfm#c1025




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Compliant Notes

Basic 2P w Porkchops Example illustrating channelized islands Yes

This example is a basic two-phase intersection. Note that Synchro cannot analyze unsignalized right-turns; it is for simulation in SimTraffic.

Basic 2-Phase Simple 4-leg intersection with basic 2-phase operation. Yes This is a basic example using a

pretimed controller.

Demo3D Includes vehicle mix, buildings, etc. Yes Requires 3D Viewer

Diamond – Leading Alt

A diamond interchange coding example (also known as a Texas Diamond operation)

No

This example illustrates the use of the cluster editor and the ring and barrier designer. In addition, notice the Link OD use for the internal E/W movements to reduce unrealistic turns.

Diamond Lag Lag A diamond intersection with lagging left-turns at both intersections

No

The example uses the cluster editor, ring and barrier designer and Link OD volumes as done in the above example. Also, notice the unique coding of the EB and WB left turns. You can see that the storage lane begins upstream of the first intersection.

Diamond w Front Roads

A diamond intersection where the ramps merge onto a frontage road

No

As with the other diamonds, this example uses the cluster editor and ring and barrier designer. Also, notice the merge and diverge points of the ramps at the frontage road. The Lane Alignment is used to keep movements freely flowing.

Dual ring Example using standard NEMA phasing Yes

This example uses common NEMA phasing. Also, notice the use of the lagging NBL (phase 3).

Fixed Cycle Coordination

Two coordinated arterial roadways Yes

This example includes 8 actuated coordinated intersections operating on a fixed, system cycle length. The cycle was determined by using the Optimize> Network Cycle Length command.

Continuous Green T no peds

Example of an intersection with a free through movement (EBT) http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/intersection/innovative/others/casestudies/fhwasa09016/fhwasa09016.pdf

No

The EBT movement never stops even when the SBL phase operates. Notice the coding of the Lane Alignment at the intersection.


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Compliant Notes

Continuous Green T with peds

Same as the above example but includes a pedestrian phase No The EBT movement never stops

unless a ped phase 7 is activated.

Gate_Stop on Yellow An example of a gate or a meter No

Notice use of Mandatory Stop on Yellow in the Timing Settings. Also, the NW link is Hidden (see the Lanes Settings Link is Hidden).

Group Control 2 Complex coding for grouping two intersections using one controller

No This is another example of grouped intersection with complex phasing.

Median UTurn

An example of a Median U-Turn (MUT) intersection, also known as a Michigan Left intersection

No

Similar to the Super-Street example, however, main street lefts are not allowed (they must proceed to the median U-turn).

Roundabouts (for SimTraffic)

An example with two roundabouts Yes

This example shows two roundabouts at the terminal points at a diamond interchange. It illustrates how simulating multiple roundabouts can be done with SimTraffic.

Single Point An example of a single point urban interchange (SPUI) No

This example also includes a portion of the freeway showing the merge and diverge areas.

Single Ring Example showing coding with one ring (instead of dual ring) No

In this example, the ring and barrier designer was modified (Options> Ring and Barrier Designer)

Spillback blocking Example that shows the queue delay (Spillback) between adjacent intersections

Yes

Notice the high Queue Delay (Timing Settings) at node 1. This is due to vehicles spilling back from node 2 and blocking node 1.

Starvation Example that show the queue delay (Starvation) between adjacent intersections.

Yes

Notice the high Queue Delay at node 2. This is due to poor offsets starving intersection 2. Node 2 EBT turns green, but the vehicles are held back at node 1 causing unused capacity.

Two way traffic control

Example that illustrates a one-lane bridge Not Applicable

In this example, a dummy intersection is created on each end of the “bridge”. Notice use of Hidden Link feature. The intersections are clustered and operate as phase 1 then 2 (thereby, only allowing one direction at a time). Notice the long all-red period that is used to clear the traffic before the opposing phase begins.


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Chapter 4 - What’s New in Synchro and SimTraffic This section summarizes the changes between Synchro version 9 and version 10. It is recommended that you review this section if you are a user of previous versions of Synchro.

Ribbon Bar Synchro 10's user interface was updated, introducing a new look and feel with easy-to-use ribbon bar controls. The ribbon is organized by task, and designed to help improve efficiency. However, people work differently, so the ribbon bar is also highly customizable.

Figure 1 Synchro 10 Map View with New Ribbon Bars There is a Quick Access Toolbar located in the upper-left section of the title bar. By default, this toolbar contains shortcuts to Open, Save, Save As, and Create Reports. Additional buttons can be selected by clicking the down arrow to display the drop-down menu shown in Figure 2.


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Figure 2 Synchro 10 Quick Access Toolbar


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HCM 6th Edition The organization of the HCM 6th Edition is similar to that of the HCM 2010. However, it should be noted that a couple new chapters were added, and as a result several of the other chapter numbers have changed. The manual is organized into four major volumes, including an electronic-only Volume 4 that houses the supplemental chapters, example problems, a technical reference library, and various computational engines developed for several of the more complex procedures.

This document provides a high level overview of the HCM 6th Edition in Synchro 10. Additional details can be found in the Working White Paper on the Implementation of the HCM 6th Edition in Synchro and the Synchro Studio 10 User Guide. Both of these documents can be found on the Synchro 10 Help Portal: http://www.trafficware.com/synchro-help.html/

In addition to the traditional focus on vehicular movement, the HCM 6th Edition builds on the multimodalism introduced in the HCM 2010. The integration of pedestrians and bicyclists within several chapters of the HCM provides transportation professionals the ability to assess the overall transportation experience from the user’s perspective.

As with any operational analysis methods, there will always be a set of limitations that surround the use of the various methodologies. Most of the limitations set forth by TRB for the HCM 6th Edition are similar to those of the HCM 2010. As you begin to use Synchro to conduct a HCM 6th Edition analysis, one should review the HCM 6th Edition and the White Paper on the Implementation of the HCM 6th Edition in Synchro to confirm that use of HCM 6th Edition is applicable.

Synchro 10 currently supports the signalized intersection, all-way stop control (AWSC), two-way stop control (TWSC), and the roundabout methods. The table below depicts a summary of the various HCM 6th Edition analysis methods and which methods have been incorporated within Synchro 10.

HCM 6th Edition Description

Modes in HCM 6th Edition

Modes Within Synchro 10

Auto (A) Pedestrian (P) Bicycle (B) Transit (T)

Chapter 19 Signalized Intersections A, P, B na

Chapter 20 Two-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections A, P na na

Chapter 21 All-Way Stop-Controlled Intersections A na na na

Chapter 22 Roundabouts A na na na

Notes: 1. A = Auto, P = Pedestrian, B = Bicycle, T = Transit 2. na = not applicable. HCM 6th Edition does not support a method at this time. 3. = HCM 6th Edition Method included in Synchro.

4. Coordination between intersections is based on the methods described in Chapter 18.

HCM 6th Edition functionality in Synchro 10 operates similar to the HCM 2010 implementation. To view the HCM 6th Edition results for an intersection, select the HCM 6th Edition button shown to the left, located on the Home tab of the ribbon bar. The Intersection Results and Movement Results buttons can be used to display HCM 6th Edition delay, LOS, and v/c ratio on the Map View.

http://www.trafficware.com/synchro-help.html/

http://www.trafficware.com/synchro-help.html/


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Signalized Intersections New to Synchro 10, the HCM 6th Edition Settings pane includes three expandable sections: Signal Timing Details, Adjusted Flow Rate, and Ideal Saturated Flow. The most commonly used parameters are viewable with all sections collapsed, with additional details about the intersection available by expanding one or more of these section(s). This functionality is demonstrated in Figure 3 below.

Figure 3 HCM 6th Edition Signalized Intersection Window There are a few changes and additions to the automobile methodologies found in Chapters 19 and 31 for signalized intersections, but the overall analysis methodologies remain similar to those in HCM 2010. Some of the major changes as compared with the 2010 HCM include:

• Delay of unsignalized movements can be considered • Combined saturation flow rate adjustment factor for heavy vehicles and grade • New saturation flow adjustment factors for intersection work zone presence

Additional details on the changes related to the saturation flow rate adjustment can be found in the White Paper on the Implementation of the HCM 6th Edition in Synchro.

If unsignalized right-turn movements exist at a signalized intersection, the delay for these movements may be included as an input to the methodology. If provided, the unsignalized movement delay is used in the calculation of approach delay and intersection delay.


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HCM 6th Edition does not provide a method to compute the unsignalized delay. It should be estimated externally, and input as shown below. The following methods may be used to estimate unsignalized delay:

• Direct field measurement • Observation of similar conditions • Simulation • Special application of the HCM TWSC methodology

Unsignalized movements with a high volume or high delay should be estimated carefully, as they will have a more significant impact on the overall intersection results than that of lower volume movements. Free-flow right turns may be assumed to have zero delay.

Figure 4 HCM 6th Edition Unsignalized Movement Delay As seen in the above figure, you have the option whether or not to include the delay for any unsignalized movements. If unsignalized movement(s) are present at the intersection, but their delay is not included, the unsignalized right-turn volume will not be factored into the calculation of Approach Delay or Intersection Delay. This is consistent to the methodology presented in HCM 2010. Synchro’s HCM 6th Edition reports include a footnote stating whether the delay is included for each unsignalized movement at the intersection.


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Pedestrian and Bicycle Modes The overall analysis methodologies for pedestrians and bicycles at a signalized intersection remain the same as those in HCM 2010, but the delay and Level of Service (LOS) thresholds have been updated. Similar to the methodology provided in HCM 2010, the HCM 6th computes a Pedestrian/Bicycle LOS Score for each crosswalk/approach. Unlike LOS for the Auto mode, the Pedestrian and Bicycle LOS is based on many factors including geometry and circulation areas, rather than delay alone. Corrections have been made to the Pedestrian and Bicycle LOS thresholds in the HCM 6th Edition. The table compares the LOS thresholds for HCM 6th Edition and HCM 2010.

Level of Service LOS Score

HCM 2010 HCM 6th Edition A ≤ 2.00 ≤ 1.50 B > 2.00 – 2.75 > 1.50 – 2.50 C > 2.75 – 3.50 > 2.50 – 3.50 D > 3.50 – 4.25 > 3.50 – 4.50 E > 4.25 – 5.00 > 4.50 – 5.50 F > 5.00 > 5.50

Two-Way Stop Control (TWSC) and All-Way Stop Control (AWSC) Intersections The HCM 6th Edition method for TWSC and AWSC intersections is very similar to the HCM 2010 method. Refer to the Synchro Studio 10 User Guide for details on the interface in Synchro.

Roundabouts The HCM 6th Edition includes an updated capacity model as a result of new research. FHWA-sponsored research studied roundabout operations for 24 approaches at single-lane roundabouts and 37 approaches at multilane roundabouts, updating NCHRP Project 03-65. The research and resulting capacity model is summarized in NCHRP Report 572: Roundabouts in the United States.

The new capacity model in the HCM 6th Edition results in higher capacities than those calculated using HCM 2010 methodologies. This addresses concerns throughout the user community that capacities are lower than those observed.

Entry Lanes Opposing Lanes

HCM 2010 HCM 6th Edition

Vc = 0 Vc = 1000 Vc = 0 Vc = 1000

1 2 1130 561 1420 607

Right 2 1130 561 1420 607

Left 2 1130 534 1350 538

1 1 1130 416 1380 498

R or L 1 1130 416 1420 572

Note: Vc = conflicting flow rate (pc/h)

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