symptom vestibulitis.docx

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Otolaryngology Disorders - Ear, Nose and Throat

Voice & Throat Disorders

Disorders of the throat, or pharynx, and voice box, or larynx, can take many forms, inclding!

• ,ancers and umors

• p$glott$t$s 0 1acter$al $nect$on o the ep$glott$s.

• 2astroesophageal 3eu5 623% / 7eartburn8 and Laryngopharyngeal 3eu5

6L93%8 0 1ac+ow o stomach ac$d $nto the esophagus can cause hoarsenessswallow$ng problems and pa$n.

• Laryng$t$s 0 ;nammat$on o the )o$ce bo5 rom the common cold bronch$t$so)eruse o the )o$ce allerg$es or $rr$tants.

• Laryngoceles 0 ost common $n w$nd $nstrument players.

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• >ononucleos$s

• 9haryng$t$s 6ore hroat8 * treptococcal 9haryng$t$s 6trep hroat8

• ons$ll$t$s 6well$ng o the tons$ls8 ons$llar ,ellul$t$s 61acter$al $nect$on o thetons$ls8 and ons$llar


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' diagnosis of sinsitis is made after a description of symptoms, a physical examination and

potentially one or more imaging tests sch as an x-ray, "T scan, or endoscopic examination

nder local anesthesia% Treatment may inclde a nasal spray, antibiotic, corticosteroid or

antihistamine% 0n some cases the patient may #ish to ndergo srgery to clean the sinses,

improve drainage or realign a deviated septm%

'llergies are a common case of inflamed sinses and headaches as #ell as rnny or itchy nose,

snee1ing, itchy or #atery eyes, blocked or itchy ears, rashes and #hee1ing% 'llergies are in

essence an overreaction by the body2s immne system to one or more ob3ects in the environment,

called allergens% "ommon allergens inclde dst, pollen, animal dander, mold and certain foods%

Nasal endoscopy, blood tests or skin 4scratch4 tests are often all that is needed to determine the

presence and case of an allergy% Then the physician and patient can #ork together to plan

treatment and management of symptoms%

Nasal Disorders

Deviated Septum

The septm is made of bone and cartilage and spans the nasal cavity from the nostrils to the back

of the throat% 0deally, the septm is straight and e5ally divides the t#o sides of the nasal cavity%

(o#ever, in many people the septm has a slight bend, making one side of the cavity smaller

than the other% 0n some cases the deviation is significant enogh to case problems sch as

congestion, sinsitis *inflammation of the sinses+, nosebleeds and breathing difficlties% rgery

to repair the deviation may be elected if symptoms are severe%

Perforations of the Septum 6erforations, or holes, in the septm can form after nasal srgery, in3ry, repeated picking of the

nose, diseases or drg se% ymptoms inclde fre5ent nosebleeds, crsting arond the nostrils

and a #histling noise #hen breathing% These can be treated #ith acitracin and pinching the nose

to stop bleeding$ ho#ever, patients may choose to ndergo srgery in #hich skin grafts or plastic

membranes are sed to repair the perforation*s+%

Nasal Polyps

Nasal polyps are small, soft, teardrop-shaped gro#ths that form arond the openings to the

sinses% They are not tmors or cancer *althogh the physician may stdy a sample to confirm

the diagnosis+ bt merely indicate that the nose or sinses are or have been inflamed% ymptomsthat may occr along #ith polyps inclde congestion, drainage *rnny nose+, blockage and

infection%

Nasal Vestibulitis

Nasal vestibulitis is cased by infection #ith the bacteria staphylococcs *the same organism

that cases strep throat+ in the area 3st inside the nostrils, other#ise kno#n as the nasal


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vestible% Typical symptoms are s#elling, redness, tenderness, pimples arond nasal hairs, or

crsting% 0n most cases simple application of acitracin ointment and hot #ashcloths or a corse

of antibiotics are sfficient to treat the infection% Occasionally, thogh, infections can case boils,

spread beneath the skin *celllitis+, and rarely, spread throgh facial veins to the brain in a

potentially fatal condition called cavernos sins thrombosis% 7or this reason infections that

persist shold be examined by a physician%

Nosebleed (Epistaxis)

Nosebleeds are 5ite common and hardly ever indicate the presence of a serios problem%

Typical cases inclde nose picking, in3ry, dry air, and anticoaglant drgs sch as aspirin% Ths

many nosebleeds can be prevented by keeping fingers and other ob3ects ot of the nose,

hmidifying air in #inter or moistening the front of the nostrils #ith petrolem 3elly *e%g%

Vaseline+% 0f a bleed occrs, the best at-home treatment is to pinch the nose closed firmly for 8-

.9 mintes #ithot letting go% This tends to be more effective than icing, placing tisse in the

nose or tilting the head% evere or fre5ent bleeds may be treated by a physician #ith atemporary sponge or nasal packing or #ith cateri1ation% :ore extensive care needs to be given

in rare cases #here bleeding originates in the back of the nose *posterior nosebleed+%

#allo#ing 6roblems *Dysphagia+

There are many possible cases for a person to sffer difficlty or pain #hen s#allo#ing food or

li5id% The most common cases inclde!

• ,ond$t$ons that narrow the esophagus 0 ore swollen or $nected throatAesophageal str$ctures caused by lodged p$lls or other obDectsA

gastroesophageal reu5 d$sease 6heartburn8A tumors or cancers.

• ,ond$t$ons that compress the esophagus rom the outs$de 0 2o$ter 6enlargedthyro$d gland8A tumors cancers or other abnormal$t$es o the throat laryn5sp$ne and nec+.

• %ry mouth 0 Dogren syndrome ner)e or bra$n damage med$cat$on s$de0eEects.

• >uscle wea+ness 0


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endoscopy of the esophags and stomach, or blood sampling% Treatment and recovery depend on

the nderlying condition%

(earing & alance Disorders

(earing loss and deafness affects almost =9 million people in the >%% 6ossible cases of hearing

loss are divided into three grops! sensorineral *aging, drgs, tmors, crrent or past infections,

congenital or genetic abnormalities, lod noises, sdden changes in air pressre+, condctive *ear

infection or obstrction, perforated eardrm, cholesteatoma, otosclerosis+ and mixed% )hatever

the case, hearing problems can be frstrating and even harmfl, especially for children #ho are

ndergoing langage ac5isition and developing speech habits% :ost hearing loss is neither

preventable nor crable, bt hearing aids or cochlear implants may help patients nderstand

speech better and hear 5ieter or higher-pitched sonds%

The inner ear, or labyrinth, contains strctres that amplify and transmit sond to the brain% 0t

also contains the vestiblar system, #hich controls balance% Ear infections, allergies, nerve

tmors, :eniere2s disease, mastoiditis, vestiblar neronitis and trama can all case a loss of

balance, along #ith other symptoms sch as vertigo, nasea, tinnits *ringing in the ears+,

hearing loss and pain%

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