Symbol Creator Usability evaluation of a novel pen- based text input technique Melinda Luoma New...
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Transcript of Symbol Creator Usability evaluation of a novel pen- based text input technique Melinda Luoma New...
Symbol Creator
Usability evaluation of a novel pen-based text input technique
Melinda LuomaNew Interaction Techniques
February 25, 2003
Introduction to the Problem
Lot of time spent writing SMSs - how about faster text entry?
Smaller keyboards needed for smaller devices
TEXT MESSAGING GROWTH (SMS)UK GSM NETWORK OPERATOR TOTALS
June 1998 - October 2002
http://www.mda-mobiledata.org/resource/hottopics/smssept.asp
Previous Research
Symbol Creator = assembling characters using symbols that resemble basic elements of Latin cursive
Two competing paradigms for mobile text entry: – pen-based input vs keyboard-based input
Most work has focused on expert performance; however, novice performance and experience is much more important (MacKenzie, 2002)
Objectives in General
The project aims to carry out a comparative research of two pen-based text input techniques: Symbol Creator and multi-tap– speed, accuracy, subjective experiences
– learning
In particular, to measure novice performance – problems: novice with SC, but not multi-tap;
where to find novice subjects in both methods?
Schedule
Week Activity Results8 testing data9 testing data10 data analysis statistical data11 data analysis statistical data12 project report paper, draft13 project report paper, draft14 report ready paper, final
Research Methods
Overview to introduction to the field of pen-based text entry techniques
Empirical research based on earlier research on novel pen-based text entry techniques
Experiment Design
Settings PhEntry SCEntry
Subjects 8 novice 8 novice
Words 20 20
Trials 7 7
Practice 5 min 15 min
Experimental Setup (1)
PDA Jornada Tauchi laboratory PhEntry software by Grigori Text entry parameters and user performance
– speed = wpm– accuracy = errors– keystrokes & time per word– reaction time per character and variations
Experimental Setup (2)
PDA Jornada Tauchi laboratory PhEntry software by Grigori Text entry parameters and user performance
– speed = wpm– accuracy = errors– keystrokes & time per word– reaction time per character and variations
Preliminary Results (1)
With these subjects, SC demanded more clicks per word than multi-tap
Why?– novice status with SC– learning would
probably decrease the differences between the methods
Clicks per word
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1 2 3
Subject
Aver
age
num
ber o
f clic
ks
multi-tap
SymbolCreator
Preliminary Results (2)
text entry speed
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
trials
seco
nds /
wor
d multi-tap
SymbolCreator
Text entry speed measured by seconds per writing one word– faster with multi-tap
Learning in both methods
Preliminary Results (3)
Reaction times (ms)– shorter with multi-tap
Good learning effect in Symbol Creator
Reaction Times
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
trials
reac
tion
time multi-tap
SymbolCreator
Preliminary Results (4)
Number of Errors
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
trials
aver
age
of e
rror
s
multi-tap
SymbolCreator
Number of errors in Symbol Creator decreases fastly
Nearly no errors in multi-tap
Forecasted Results
In a test with novices, multi-tap will probably be faster when measured by reaction times and words per minute
However, learning can be fast measured by reduction of errors and increase of text entry speed
Test method may need some improving: “faster” keyboard for better differentiation of users
Prospective Applications
Handwriting (italic) fonts learning-game for kindergarten
Layout optimization Applications for special needs (cyclic mode, one-
dimensional choice, eye-typing (dwelling time), SC for numerical keyboard (blind manipulations)
Mini-Touchscreen requires mini-keyboard (watches, other mobile…)
References Blickenstorfer, C. H. (1995), Graffiti: Wow!!!! Pen Computing Magazine, January, 30-31.
Brewster, S. (2001), Overcoming the Lack of Screen Space on Mobile Computers. Technical Report TR-2001-87, April. Glasgow University, available at: http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~stephen/papers/tr200187.pdf
Exner, Ch., & Henderson, A. (1995), Cognition and motor skill. In Anne Henderson & Charlane Pehoski (Eds.), Hand function in the child. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book, pp. 93-110.
Goldberg, D., & Richardson, C. (1993). Touch-typing with a stylus. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - INTERCHI '93, 80-87. New York: ACM.
Handwriting styles, fontware. Available at: http://www.educationalfontware.com/LG_style.html
Isokoski, P. and Raisamo, R. (2000), Device Independent Text Input: A Rationale and an Example. In V. D. Gesù, S. Levialdi and L. Tarantino (eds.), Proceedings of the Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces AVI 2000, Palermo, Italy, pp. 76-83.
Kirsh D. (1995), Complementary Strategies: Why we use our hands when we think. In Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, available at: http://cogsci.ucsd.edu/~kirsh/Cogsci95/cogsci95.html
MacKenzie, I.S, and Soukoreff, R. W. (2002). Text entry for mobile computing: Models and methods, theory and practice. Human-Computer Interaction. Available at: http://www.yorku.ca/mack/hci3.html
Mankoff, J. and Abowd, G.D. (1998), Cirrin: A word-level unistroke keyboard for pen input. In Proceedings of UIST '98. Technical notes. pp.213-214, available at: http://www.cc.gatech.edu/fce/pendragon/publications/index.html#Cirrin98
Quikwriting. Product information is available at: http://mrl.nyu.edu/projects/quikwriting/
Western script, handwriting styles, available at: http://www.educationalfontware.com/EFI_home_page.html
Zagler, W.I. (2002), Matching Typing Persons and Intelligent Interfaces. In J.Klaus, K.Miesenberger, W. L. Zagler (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs. ICCHP 2002 Linz, Austria, LNCS Vol. 2398, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 241-242.
Zhai, S., Hunter, M., & Smith, B. A. (2000), The Metropolis keyboard - An exploration of quantitative techniques for virtual keyboard design. Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology - UIST 2000, New York: ACM, pp. 119-128