Symbiotic Relationships
010b
Symbiotic Relationships in Coral
Reefs
Symbiotic Relationships in Coral
Reefs
SymbiosisSymbiosis
“Living Together”
“Living Together”
Types of SymbiosisTypes of Symbiosis• Mutualism
– Both the symbiont and host benefit.
• Commensalism– The symbiont benefits with little
effect on the host.
• Parasitism– The symbiont benefits to the
detriment of the host.
• Mutualism– Both the symbiont and host
benefit.
• Commensalism– The symbiont benefits with little
effect on the host.
• Parasitism– The symbiont benefits to the
detriment of the host.
• Aegism– An association for protection
• Inquilism– One organism shelters within another
organisms
• Endoecism– One org shelters in the burrow or defensive
shelter of another
• Phoresis– One org uses another for transportation
• Epizoism- A sessile org lives on top of another
Obligate Versus Facultative
Relationships
Obligate Versus Facultative
Relationships
Obligate Relationship:Relationship is necessary for organism to surviveEx. coral and zooxanthellae
Facultative Relationship:Can survive without symbiont, but not as wellEx. anemone fish and anemone
MutualismMutualism
zooxanthellae and coralszooxanthellae and corals
Zooxanthellae give corals:• Increase coral growth by enhancing
calcification process• Provide energy• Give oxygen
Coral give zooxanthellae:• Nitrogen waste• A place to live• Carbon dioxide waste• Protection through their hard skeletons and
stinging cells• Harmful UV light is filtered by coral
pigments
Trapezia crab coming out of its
host coral (Pocillopora
damicornis) to attack the arm of an invading Crown of
Thorns Starfish
Trapezia crab coming out of its
host coral (Pocillopora
damicornis) to attack the arm of an invading Crown of
Thorns Starfish
anemonefish and sea anemones
anemonefish and sea anemones
goby shrimp and the Hawaiian shrimp gobygoby shrimp and the
Hawaiian shrimp goby
cleaner wrasse cleaning stations
cleaner wrasse cleaning stations
banded coral shrimpbanded coral shrimp
scarlet cleaner shrimp
scarlet cleaner shrimp
sea cucumber crab and sea cucumberssea cucumber crab and sea cucumbers
pompom crabs and sea
anemones
pompom crabs and sea
anemones
anemone hermit crab and sea anemones
anemone hermit crab and sea anemones
Decorator Crab Sponge crab
Camouflage
Plectropomus pessuliferus
coral reefs in the Red Sea
Hunting strategies
Gymnothorax javanicus
Mangrove and sponges
CommensalismCommensalism
Christmas tree worms and Porites corals
Christmas tree worms and Porites corals
coral shrimps and coralscoral shrimps and corals
gall crabs and pocilloporid corals
gall crabs and pocilloporid corals
petroglyph shrimp and Porites lobatapetroglyph shrimp and Porites lobata
squat anemone shrimp and sea
anemones
squat anemone shrimp and sea
anemones
crabs and sea anemonescrabs and sea anemones
sea star shrimp and sea stars
sea star shrimp and sea stars
urchin shrimp and sea urchinsurchin shrimp
and sea urchins
shrimpfish & sea urchinsshrimpfish & sea urchins
Barnacles on whale
Remora on whale shark (open water)
ParasitismParasitism
Epitomium snails andmushroom corals
Epitomium snails andmushroom corals
parasitic flatworms and rice
coral
parasitic flatworms and rice
coral
parasitic nudibranc
hs
parasitic nudibranc
hs
coral “zits” on Porites compressa
coral “zits” on Porites compressa
bacterial diseases on corals
bacterial diseases on corals
Ewa “fangtooth” blenny
Cookie-cutter shark
Inquiry
1. Define mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
2. Provide examples of each.3. What are the benefits the
zooxanthellae and coral receive?