Syllabus & Evaluation Scheme B.Tech ME 3rd Year Autumn … · Reciprocating and Rotary Compressors,...

Syllabus & Evaluation Scheme B.Tech ME 3rd

Year

Autumn Semester

Dev Bhoomi Institute of Technology Dehradun www.dbit.ac.in

Affiliated to

Uttrakhand Technical University,Dehradun

www.uktech.in

http://www.uktech.in/

Program: B.Tech

Year: 3 Mechanical Engg. Session: 2017-2018

Scheme and Evaluation Pattern

Semester: VI

Periods Evaluation

S.No Course NO. Subject L T P Sessional External Total CT T Total Exam Marks A

Theory 1 TME-601 Operation 3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150

Research

2 TME-602 IC Engine 3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150 3 TME-603 Machine 3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150

Design II

4 TME-604 Fluid 3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150 Machinery

5 TME-605 Refrigeration 3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150

and Air

Conditioning

6 THU-608 Principle Of 2 1 0 15 10 25 50 75 Management

Practical

1 PME 653 Machine 0 0 2 0 0 25 25 50 Design II Lab

2 PME 654 Fluid 0 0 2 0 0 25 25 50 Machinary

Lab

3 PME 655 Refrigeration 0 0 2 0 0 0 25 25

and Air

Conditioning

Lab

4 PME 657 Seminar 50 Total 1000

L- Lecture, T- Tutorial, P- Practical, CT- Class Test comprising of two testes in a semester each of 15

Marks, TA- Teacher Assessment comprising of Attendance and Home Assignments & Tutorial tests in a

semester each 10 marks

Prerequisite: Knowledge of Applied Mathematics.

Unit 1: Introduction: Linear programming, Definition, scope of Operations Research (O.R.) approach and

limitations of OR Models, Characteristics and phases of OR Mathematical formulation of L.P. Problems, Graphical solution methods.

Linear Programming Problems: The simplex method – slack, surplus and artificial variables. Concept of duality, two phase method, dual simplex method, degeneracy, and procedure for resolving degenerate cases.

Unit 2: Transportation Problem: Formulation of transportation model, Basic feasible solution using different methods. Optimality Methods. Unbalanced transportation problem, Degeneracy in transportation problems, Applications of problems. Assignment Problem: Formulation, unbalanced assignment problem, traveling problem.

Unit 3: Game Theory. Formulation of games, two person-Zero sum game, games with and without saddle point, Graphical solution (2×n , m×2 game), dominance property.

Unit 4: Queuing Theory: Queuing system and their characteristics. The M/M/1 Queuing system, Steady state

performance analyzing of M/M/1 and M/M/C queuing model.

Unit 5: PERT-CPM Techniques:

Network construction, determining critical path, floats, scheduling by network,

project duration, variance under probabilistic models, prediction of date of completion, crashing of simple networks.

Dev Bhoomi Institute Of Technology SEMESTER: VI

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Course Level: Beginner Course Type:

Core

Credit: 4

Total Contact Hours: 49 LTP -3-1-0 External Marks/Internal

Marks: 100/50

Course Title: operation research Course Code:TME-601 Duration of External Exam:

3 Hours

Reference books : R1. Taha H.A.- Operations Research, Pearson R2. Operations Research: Principles and practice: Ravindran, Philips & Solberg, Wiley India ltd R3. AM Natarajan, P.Balasubramani, A Tamilaravari “Operation Research” Pearson 2005 R4. Introduction to operation research: Theory and Applications, Springer BSP, Hyderabad R5. S D Sharma-Operations Research, Kedarnath Ram

Course Outcome Description

CO1 Introduction and Linear Programming Problems.

CO2 Problems on Transportation Problem.

CO3 Problem on Game Theory.

CO4 Queuing Theory.

CO5 Knowledge of PERT-CPM Techniques.

Prerequisite: Student should have the knowledge of basic thermodynamics. L T P

3 1 0

Unit-1

Introduction to I.C Engines:

Engine classification, Air standard cycles, Otto, Diesel, Stirling, Ericsson cycles, Actual

Cycle analysis, Two and four stroke engines, SI and CI engines, Valve timing diagram, Rotary

engines, stratified charge engine. 5

Fuels:

Fuels for SI and CI engine , important qualities of SI engine fuels, Rating of SI engine

fuels, Important qualities of CI engine fuels, Dopes, Additives, Gaseous fuels, LPG, CNG,

Biogas, Producer gas, Alternative fuels for IC engines. 3

Unit–2

SI Engines:

3

Carburetion, Mixture requirements, Carburetor types Theory of carburetor, MPFI.

Combustion in SI engine, Flame speed, Ignition delay, Abnormal combustion and it's

2

control, combustion chamber design for SI engines. Ignition system requirements, Magneto and battery ignition systems, ignition timing and

spark plug, Electronic ignition, battery and its types, Charging and discharging of batteries 2 Unit–3

CI Engine:

Fuel injection in CI engines, Requirements, Types of injection systems, Fuel pumps, Fuel

injectors, Injection timings. 4

Combustion in CI engines, Ignition delay, Knock and it's control, Combustion chamber design of

CI engines. 2

Scavenging in 2 Stroke engines, pollution and it's control. 2

Unit-4 Engine Cooling: Different cooling systems, Cooling Towers, Radiators and cooling fans. 2




Core

Credit: 4


Marks: 100/50

Course Title: I C ENGINES Course Code:TME-602 Duration of External Exam:

3 Hours

Lubrication: Engine friction, Lubrication principal, Type of lubrication ,Lubrication

2 oils, Crankcase ventilation.

Supercharging: Effect of altitude on power output, Types of supercharging. 2

Testing and Performance: Performance parameters, Basic measurements, Blow by

4 measurement, Testing of SI and CI engines.

Unit-5

Compressors: Classification, Reciprocating compressors, Single and multi stage, Intercooling,

3 Volumetric efficiency.

Rotary compressors, Classification, Centrifugal compressor, Elementary theory ,Vector

4 Diagram efficiencies, Elementary analysis of axial compressors. BOOKS: I.C. Engines by Ganeshan ,TMH

I C Engines by Ferguson, Wiley India

A Course in International Combustion Engines, by Mathur & Sharma, Dhanpat Rai & Sons. Reciprocating and Rotary Compressors, by Chlumsky, SNTI Publications Czechoslovakia . I.C Engine Analysis & Practice by E.F Obert.

I.C Engine, by Ganeshan, TMH

I.C Engine, by R. Yadav, Central Publishing House, Allahabad

Course Outcome Description

CO1 Study of different air standard cycles, Si and CI engine and their fuels.

CO2 Student will be able to know about ignition system of SI engine.

CO3 Student will be able to know about injection system in CI engines

CO5 Student will get the knowledge of different types of ocmpressors.

Prerequisite: Knowldege of Material Science, Solid Mechanics, Manufacutring Science

UNIT-I Spur Gears Tooth forms, System of gear teeth, contact ratio, Standard proportions of gear

systems, Interference in involute gears, Backlash, Selection of gear materials, Gear manufacturing methods, Design considerations, Beam strength of gear tooth, Dynamic tooth

load, Wear strength of gear tooth, Failure of gear tooth, Design of spur gears, AGMA and Indian standards. Helical Gears Terminology, Proportions for helical gears, Beam strength and wear strength of helical gears, herringbone gears, crossed helical gears, Design of helical gears. Worm Gears Types of worms, Terminology, Gear tooth proportions, Efficiency of worm gears, Heat dissipation in worm gearing, Strength and wear tooth load for worm gears, Design of worm gearing

UNIT-II Sliding Contact Bearing Types, Selection of bearing, Plain journal bearing, Hydrodynamic lubrication, Properties and materials, Lubricants and lubrication, Hydrodynamic journal bearing,

Heat generation, Design of journal bearing, Thrust bearing-pivot and collar bearing, Hydrodynamic thrust bearing, Rolling Contact Bearing Advantages and disadvantages, Types of ball bearing, Thrust ball bearing, Types of roller bearing, Selection of radial ball bearing, Bearing life, Selection of roller

bearings, Dynamic equivalent load for roller contact bearing under constant and variable loading, Reliability of Bearing, Selection of rolling contact bearing, Lubrication of ball and

roller bearing, Mounting of bearing.

UNIT-III I C Engine Parts




Core

Credit: 4


Marks: 100/50

Course Title: Machine Design-II

Course Code:TME-603 Duration of External Exam:

3 Hours

Selection of type of IC engine, General design considerations, Design of Cylinder and cylinder head; Design of piston, piston ring and gudgeon pin; Design of connecting rod; Design of centre crankshaft

References:-

1. Mechanical Engineering Design – Joseph E. Shigely, McGraw Hill Publications

2. Design of Machine Memebers-Alex Valance and VI Doughtie, McGraw Hill Co.

3. Machine design-M.F. Spott, Prentice Hall India

4. Machine Design-Maleev and Hartman, CBS

5. Machine design -Black & Adams, Mc Graw Hill 6. Machine Design-Sharma and Agrawal, S.K. Katara & Sons

Course Outcomes

S. No. Course Outcome

CO1 Identification of different types of gear systems, design, efficiency and applications.

CO2 Identify the basic relations between distance, time, velocity, and acceleration.

CO3 Selection procedure of different types bearing, design procedure, reliability etc.

CO4 Design procedure of different IC engine components, their material, selection procedure etc.

Prerequisite: Thorough knowldege of Fluid Mechanics

L T P

3 1 0

Unit-I

Introduction: Classification of Fluid Mechanics, Application of momentum and momentum equation to

5

flow through hydraulic machinery, Euler‟s fundamental equation.

Impact of jet:

Introduction to hydrodynamic thrust of jet on a fixed and moving surface (flat & curve),

3

effect of inclination of jet with the surface. Hydraulic Turbines:

Classification of turbines, Impulse turbines, constructional details, velocity triangles, power and

efficiency calculations, governing of Pelton wheel. 9

UNIT-II

Reaction Turbines: Fransis and Kaplan turbines, constructional details, velocity triangles, power and efficiency

calculations, degree of reaction, draft tube, cavitation in turbines, principles of similarity, unit and specific speed, performance characteristics, selection of water turbines 9

UNIT-III

Centrifugal Pumps: Classifications of centrifugal pumps, vector diagram, work done by impellor, efficiencies

of centrifugal pumps, specific speed, model testing, cavitation and separation, performance characteristics. 7

UNIT-IV

Positive Displacement Pumps: Reciprocating pump theory, slip and coefficient of discharges, indicator diagram, effect and acceleration, work saved by fitting air vessels, comparison of centrifugal and reciprocating pumps, positive rotary pumps, Gear and Vane pumps, performance characteristics. 7




Core

Credit: 4


Marks: 100/50

Course Title: FLUID MACHINERY Course Code:TME-604 Duration of External Exam:

3 Hours

UNIT-V

Other Machines: Hydraulic accumulator, Intensifier, Hydraulic press, Lift and Cranes, theory of hydraulic

5 coupling and torque converters, performance characteristics.

Water Lifting Devices: Hydraulic ram, Jet pumps, Airlift pumps, water distribution systems.

References:

Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines by S C Gupta,

Pearson Fundmanetals of Fluid Mechanics by Munson,

Pearson

Hydraulic Machines by Jagdish Lal, Metropolitan book co. pvt ltd.

Hydraulic Machines: Theory & Design, V.P.Vasandhani, Khanna Pub.

Hydraulic Machines by R K Rajput, S.Chand & co Ltd.

Hydraulic Machines by D S Kumar

S. No. Course Outcome CO1 Introduction of fluid mechanics and Impact of jet CO2 Knowledge of Reaction Turbines. CO3 Knowledge of Centrifugal Pumps.

CO4 Positive Displacement Pump.

CO5 Knowledge of Other Machines and Water Lifting Devices

Prerequisite: Knowldege of Heat & Mass Transfer, Thermodynamics.

Unit-1

Refrigeration: Introduction to refrigeration system, Methods of refrigeration, Carnot refrigeration cycle,

Unit ofrefrigeration, Refrigeration effect & C.O.P.AirRefrigeration cycle: Open and closed air

refrigeration cycles, Reversed Carnot cycle, Bell Coleman or Reversed Joule airrefrigeration cycle,

Aircraft refrigeration system, Classification of aircraft refrigerationsystem. Boot straprefrigeration,

Regenerative, Reduced ambient, Dry air rated temperature (DART).

Unit-2 Vapour Compression System: Single stage system, Analysis of vapour compression cycle, use

of T-S and P-H charts, Effect ofchange in suction and discharge pressures on C.O.P, Effect of sub

cooling of condensate& superheating ofrefrigerant vapour on C.O.P of the cycle, Actual vapour

compression refrigeration cycle,Different configuration of multistagesystem, Cascade system.

Unit-3 Vapour Absorption system; Working Principal of vapour absorption refrigeration system,

Comparison between absorption &compression systems, Ammonia–Water vapourabsorption system,

LithiumBromide water vapour absorption system, Comparison. Refrigerants: Classification,

Nomenclature, Desirable properties of refrigerants, Common refrigerants, Secondary refrigerants and

CFC free refrigerants.

Unit-4 Air Conditioning: Introduction to air conditioning, Psychometric properties and their definitions,

Psychometricchart,Different Psychometric processes, Thermal analysis of human body

Effectivetemperature and comfortchart, Cooling and heating load calculations, Infiltration & ventilation,

Internal hear gain,Sensible heat factor ( SHF ), By passfactor, Grand Sensible heat factor ( GSHF),

Apparatus dew point (ADP).

Unit-5 Refrigeration Equipment & Application: Elementary knowledge of refrigeration & air

conditioning equipments e.g compressors, condensers,evaporators & expansion devices, Air

washers,Cooling, towers & humidifying efficiency, Foodpreservation, cold storage, Refrigerates

Freezers, Icc plant, Water coolers, Elementaryknowledge oftransmission and distribution of air through

ducts and fans, Basic difference betweencomfort and industrialair conditioning.

Books:

Refrigeration and Air conditioning by C.P Arora.TMH

Refrigeration and Air conditioning by Arora & Domkundwar.Dhanpat Rai

Refrigeration and Air conditioning by stoecker & Jones.

Refrigeration and Air conditioning by Roy J.Dossat.Pearson Heating Ventilatingand Air conditioning by

Mcquiston

Thermal Environment Engg. by Kuhen, Ramsey & Thelked.Central Book Agency. ASHRAE

Handbooks




Core

Credit: 4


Marks: 100/50

Course Title: REFRIGERATION &

AIR CONDITIONING


3 Hours

S. No. Course Outcome CO1 Introduction to refrigeration system. CO2 Vapour Compression System. CO3 Vapour Absorption system and Refrigerants.

CO4 Knowledge of Air Conditioning.

CO5 Knowledge of Refrigeration Equipment.

Prerequisite:

Knowledge of Industrial Management

UNIT1

INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT: Theories of management: Traditional behavioral, contingency

and systems approach. Organization as a system.

UNIT 2

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION: Interaction with external environment. Managerial decision

making and MIS.

UNIT 3

PLANNING APPROACH TO ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS: design of organization structure; job

design and enrichment; job evaluation and merit rating.

UNIT 4

MOTIVATION AND PRODUCTIVITY: Theories of motivation, leadership styles and managerial grid

.Co-ordination, monitoring and control in organizations. Techniques of control. Japanese management

techniques. Case studies. 7

TEXT BOOK:

1.Schermerhorn,; Managementand Organisational Behaviour essentials, Wiley India

2. Koontz: Essentials of Management, PHI Learning.

3. Hirschey: Managerial Economics, Cengage Learning.

4.A V Rau:Management Science, BSP, Hyderabad

5.Mote, l Paul and Gupta: Managerial EconomicsConcepts & Cases, TMH, New Delhi.

6.Stephan R RobbinsFundamental of Management,Pearson

S. No. Course Outcome Co1 Introduction To Management Co2 Management Information Co3 Planning Approach To Organizational Analysis

Co4 Motivation And Productivity




Core

Credit: 4


Marks: 100/50

Course Title: PRINCIPLES OF

MANAGEMENT


3 Hours

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

0 0 2

(Say min 8 experiments from following or such experiment)

1. Impact of Jet experiment. 2. Turbine exp. on Pelton wheel. 3. Turbine exp. on Francis turbine. 4. Tubrine exp. on Kaplan turbine. 5. Exp. on Reciprocating pump. 6. Exp. on centrifugal pump. 7. Exp. on Hydraulic Jack/Press 8. Exp. on Hydraulic Brake 9. Exp. on Hydraulic Ram 10. Study through first visit of any pumping station/plant 11. Study through second visit of any pumping station/plant. 12. Any other suitable experiment/test rig such as comparision & performance of different types of pumps and turbines.



Course Level: Intermediate Course Type:

Core

Credit: 2


Marks: 25/25

Course Title: FLUID MACHINERY LAB Course Code:TME-654 Duration of External Exam:

2 Hours

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

0 0 2

(Say min 8 experiments from following or such experiment) 1. Experiment on refrigeration test ring and calculation of various proformance parameters. 2. To study different types of expansion devices used in refrigreation system. 3. To study different types of evaporators used in refrigeration systems. 4. To study basic components of air-conditioning system. 5. Experiment on air-conditioning test rig & calculation of various performance parameters. 6. To study air washers 7. Study of window air conditioner. 8. Study & determination of volumetric efficiency of compressor. 9. Visit of a central air conditioning plant. 10. Visit of cold storage.



Course Level: Intermediate Course Type:

Core

Credit: 2


Marks: 25/25

Course Title: REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING LAB


2 Hours

DBGI DEHRADUN

REVIEW

DATE :

PLANNING & MONITORING OF COURSE CONTENT SHEET OF

DEPARTMENT: Mechanical Engineering

SEMESTER: 6th

Semester

SUBJECT : OPERATIONS RESEARCH

NAME OF TEACHER:

YEAR : 3rd

Year

COURSE CODE: TME-602

SIGNATURE : ___________

DATE : ___________

S.

No.

TOPIC

No. OF

LECTURES

PLANNED

SIGNATURE OF

HOD

(random)

1 Linear programming, Definition, scope of Operations Research

(O.R.) approach

2

2 limitations of OR Models, Characteristics and phases of

OR

Mathematical formulation of L.P. Problems

2

3 Graphical solution methods 2

4 The simplex method – slack, surplus and artificial

variables 2

5 degeneracy, and procedure for resolving degenerate cases 2

6 two phase method 2

7 dual simplex method 2

8 degeneracy, and procedure for resolving degenerate cases 2

9 Formulation of transportation model 1

10 Basic feasible solution using different methods 2

11 Optimality Methods 2

12 Unbalanced transportation problem 1

13 Degeneracy in transportation problems 1

14 Applications of problems 1

15 Assignment Problem 1

16 Formulation, unbalanced assignment problem 2

17 traveling problem 2

18 Formulation of games 1

19 two person-Zero sum game 2

20 games with and without saddle point 2

21 Graphical solution (2×n , m×2 game) 2

22 dominance property 2

23 Queuing system and their characteristics 2

24 The M/M/1 Queuing system 2

25 Steady state performance analyzing of M/M/1 and

M/M/C

queuing model

2

26 Network construction 1

27 determining critical path, Floats 2

28 scheduling by network 1

29 project duration 1

30 variance under probabilistic models 1

31 prediction of date of completion 1

32 crashing of simple networks 1

TOTAL 52

REMARKS/RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE: No. of lectures may vary

according to performance of the class.

EXTRA CLASS TAKEN (IF ANY):

TEXT BOOKS: [T1] Operations Research by J.K.Sharma

[T2] S.D.Sharma-Operations Research, Kedarnath Ramnath publications

REFERENCE BOOKS: [R1]. Taha H.A.- Operations Research, Pearson

[R2]. Operations Research: Principles and practice: Ravindran, Philips & Solberg, Wiley India ltd

[R3]. AM Natarajan, P.Balasubramani, A Tamilaravari “Operation Research” Pearson 2005

[R4]. Introduction to operation research: Theory and Applications, Springer BSP, Hyderabad

[[R5]. S D Sharma-Operations Research, Kedarnath Ramnath

Approved By

Signature of HOD:__________

Date: __________

Dev Bhoomi Institute of Technology

Assignment Sheet

Course Name: Operations Research Assignment No. 1

Course Code:TME-601 Faculty

Branch: ME SEMESTER/YEAR: 6th/3rd

Unit/Title: 1/ Introduction and Linear

Programming Problems Date of Issue: Date of Submission:

1. Discuss the various phases in solving an operation research problem?

Enumerate six techniques of operation research and describe one briefly?

2. What is meant by LPP? Give mathematical model of LPP and Give brief

description of the problem with examples and also discuss special cases like

degeneracy, unbounded solution, infeasible solution and multiple solutions

with example?

3. Discuss the various steps for solving simplex method with the help of example

and also discuss two-phase method with suitable example?

4. Discuss Degeneracy problem in simplex method with suitable example?

5. Discuss the concept of Duality in LPP and also state the general rules for

converting any primal LPP in to its dual with example?

6. Discuss the importance of Dual simplex over Simplex method and what is the

difference between simplex and dual simplex methods


Assignment Sheet




Unit/Title: 2/ Transportation Problems Date of Issue: Date of Submission:

1. What is assignment problem and explain the conceptual justification that an assignment problem can be viewed as a linear programming problem?

2. Explain Hungarian algorithm to solve Assignment problem and also give an example?

3. How will you solve an assignment problem, where a particular assignment is prohibited? Also

discuss travelling sales man (Routing) Problem? Explain with an example? 4. Specify a transportation problem. Is this an LPP? Discuss the test for optimality of a given

solution for the transportation problem. Give an example?

5. Discuss unbalance transportation problem with suitable example?


Assignment Sheet




Unit/Title: 3/ Game Theory Date of Issue: Date of Submission:

1. Define Game and discuss the characteristics of game theory?

2. Write a short note on

i) Competitive game ii) Zero-sum and Non-zero-sum game iii) Two

Person, Zero-sum game

iv) Payoff matrix

3. Define saddle point and explain with suitable example.

4. Discuss the principle of dominance to reduce the size of the game with an

example?

5. Explain the graphical method of solving (2 x n) and (m x 2) games


Assignment Sheet




Unit/Title: 4Queuing Theory Date of Issue: Date of Submission:

1. Explain poison process for pure birth process for Queuing system?

2. Give a brief summary of the various types of queuing models and write a

note on Kendal and Lee‟s notation for the identification of queues?

3. Discuss the steady state of the queuing system (M/M/1):(N/FCFS)?

4. Write an assumption of queuing theory?

5. Discuss the limitation of queuing model?


Assignment Sheet




Unit/Title: V/ PERT-CPM Techniques Date of Issue: Date of Submission:

1. Distingish between CPM and PERT techniques and discuss the basic steps

in PERT/CPM techniques? Briefly explain the four types of floats used in

network analysis?

2. Define critical path and main features of critical path with an example?

3. Explain the following terms in PERT

i) Optimistic time ii) Normal time iii) Pessimistic time iv)

Expected time

v) Variance in relation to activity

4. Discuss uses of PERT/CPM for management and application area and

disadvantages of network technique?

5. Write a short not on i) Activity ii) Event iii) Sequencing

6. Discuss the rules for drawing network diagram and common errors in

drawing network diagram.


Tutorial Sheet

Course Name: Operations Research Tutorial Sheet No. 1

Course Code:TME-602 Faculty :


Unit/Title: 1/ Introduction and Linear

Programming Problems Date of Discussion:

Q1: Enumerate six techniques of Operation Research and describe one briefly?

Q2. Use Two-Phase method to solve the problem

Min = − 2 − 3 , Subject to:

2 + + 3 = 2, 2 + 3 + 4 = 1 , , ≥ 0 Q3. Food X contains 6 units of vitamin A per grams and 7 units of vitamin B per gram and costs 12 paise

per gram. Food Y contains 8 units of vitamin A per gram and 12 units of vitamin B per gram and costs 20

paise per gram. The daily minimum requirement of vitamin A and vitamin B is 100 units and 120 units respectively. Find the minimum costs of product mix by the simplex method.

Q4. Solve the following LP utilizing dual simplex method.

Min = 12 + 7 + 10 Subject to:

3 + + 2 = 2, − 3 + = 4, + 2 + 3 = 3 , , ≥ 0

Q5. Graphically solve the following LP. Indicate the values of , , and in the optimal solution.

Max = − + 4 Subject to:

−3 + ≤ 6, + 2 ≤ 4, ≤ −3, , ≥ 0 no lower bound constraints for .


Tutorial Sheet




Unit/Title: II/ Transportation Problems Date of Discussion:

Q1. Solve the following transportation problem by Least Cost method and check the

feasibility of the solution. The unit costs of shipment are given in the cells below: To D E F Supply From

A 6 4 1 50

B 3 8 7 40

C 4 4 2 60 Demand 20 95 35 150

Q2. Solve the following assignment problem to minimize the total cost represented as

elements in the matrix (cost in thousand rupees). Contractor

building 1 2 3 4

A 4 4 6 0

B 0 4 4 12

C 11 9 5 0

Q3. Optimize the following Profit Matrix fir the transportation using VAM. Test the

Optimality using stepping stone algorithm. Markets Warehouse Demands

A B C Agra 32 20 17 600

Lucknow 30 16 13 600

Allahabad 40 12 18 600

Availability 700 700 700

Q4. Explain mathematical statement of assignment problem


Tutorial Sheet




Unit/TitleIII/ Game Theory Date of Discussion:

Q1. What is Two person zero sum game? What are the advantages and limitation of game

theory?

Q2. For what value of λ, the game with the following payoff matrix is strictly

determinable? Player A Player B

B1 B2 B3 A1 Λ 6 2

A2 -1 Λ -7

A3 -2 4 Λ

Q3. Solve following game using Principle of dominance. Player B

Player A 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 3 8 4

2 5 6 3 7 8

3 6 7 9 8 7 4 4 2 8 4 3

Q4. Solve the following 2×3 game graphically: Player B

Player A 1 2 3

1 1 3 11 2 8 5 2

Q5. X and Y play a game in which each has three coins a 5p, a 10p, and a 20p. Each

player selects a coin without the knowledge of the other‟s choice. If the sum of the coins

is an odd amount, X wins Y‟s coins; if the sum is even, Y wins X‟s coin. Find the best strategy for each player and the value of the game.


Tutorial Sheet




Unit/TitleIII/ Transportation Problem Date of Discussion:

1. What is unbalanced assignment problem?

A methods engineer wants to assign four new methods to three work

centers. The assignment of the new methods will increase production and they are

given below. If only one method x can be assigned to a work centre, determine

the optimum assignment.

2. Explain the difference between Transportation and assignment problem.

3. Show that the assignment model is a special case of transportation model.

4. Discuss travelling sales man problem with suitable example.

5. Explain with suitable example

i) North west corner method (Stepping stone method)

ii) The Row minima method

iii) The column minima method

iv) Lowest cost entry method or matrix minima method v) Vogel‟s Approximation method


Tutorial Sheet




Unit/TitleIII/ Game theory and PERT-

CPM techniques Date of Discussion:

1. Consider (two-person, zero sums) game matrix which represents

payoff to the player A .Find the optimal strategy, if any

2. Define saddle point with suitable example.

3. Explain transient and steady state for queuing model.

4. Explain earliest start time, late start time, earliest finish time.

5. Discuss the basic steps in PERT/CPM techniques.


Question Bank

Course Name: OPERATION RESEARCH



Q 1. Use simplex method to solve the following problem Maximize Z = 2 x1 + 5 x2,

Subject to the constraints x1 + 4 x2 ≤ 24

3x1 + x2 ≤ 21 x1 + x2 ≤ 9 x1, x2 ≥ 0. ` Q2. Use simplex method to solve the following problem Maximize Z = 3x1 + 5x2 + 4x3 Subject to the constraints 2x1 + 3x2 + 0x3 ≤ 8 0x1 + 2x2 + 5x3 ≤ 10 3x1 + 2x2 + 4x3 ≤ 15 x1, x2, x3 ≥ 0. Q3. Use simplex method to solve the following problem Minimize Z = x1 - 3x2 + 3x3 Subject to the constraints 3x1 - x2 + 2x3 ≤ 7 2x1 + 4x2 ≥ –12 – 4x1 + 3x2 + 8x3 ≤ 10 x1, x2, x3 ≥ 0. Q4. Use simplex method to solve the following problem Maximize Z = 4x1 + 5x2 Subject to the constraints 2x1 +3x2 ≤ 24 2x1 + x2 ≤ 16 x1, x2 ≥ 0. Q5 Solve the following LPP by simplex method: Maximize Z = 3x1 + 2x2 + 5x3; X1 + 2x2 + x3 ≤ 430; 3x1 + 2x3 ≤ 460; X1 + 4x2 ≤ 420; and X1, x2, x3 ≤ 0. Q6. Solve the following LPP by simplex method: Maximize Z = 3x1 + 3x2 + 2x2 Subject to x1 + x2 ≤ 4, x1 – x2 ≤ 2, and x1, x2 ≥ 0. Q7 An air force is experimenting with three types of bombs P, Q, R in which three kinds of explosive A, B & C

will be used. Taking the various factors into account, it has been decided to use the max. 600 kg of explosive A, at least 480 kg of explosive B & exactly 540 kg of explosive C. Bomb P requires 3, 2, 2 kg, bomb Q requires 1, 4, 3 kg & bomb R requires 4, 2, 3 kg of explosive A, B & C. Bomb P is estimated to give the equivalent of a 2 ton explosion, bomb Q, a 3 ton of explosion and bomb R, a 4 ton of explosion respectively. Under what production schedule can the air force make the biggest bang?

Q8 An automobile industry is producing two models M1 and M2 of two- wheelers. The profits of the two models are

Rs. 1000 and Rs. 1200 respectively. Both the models require processing in three types of machine-groups. The

following that indicates the machine group hours per week and the time required on each machine- group for each number of two models i.e., M1 and M2. Formulate the problem in the linear programming form:

Machine -Group Hours required by

Total Available Machine Group Hours per week

Model M1

Model M2

Machine- group – 1 Machine- group – 2 Machine- group – 3

4 6 8

2 8 14

100 240 280

Q9. Solve the following LPP by graphical method: Maximize Z = 3x1 + 4x2, Subject to 4x1 + 2x2 ≤ 80 and x1, x2 ≥ 0. Q10 Solve the following LPP by graphical method: Maximize Z = 2x1 + 3x2

Subject to the following constraints: X1+x2 ≤30, x2 ≥ 3, 0 ≤ = x2 ≤ 12, x1 – x2 ≥ 0 and 0 ≤ x1 ≤ 20 and x1, x2 ≥ 0. Q11 Use graphical method to solve the following LLP Maximize Z = 15x1 + 10x2, Subject to the constraints 4x1 + 6x2 ≤ 360; 3x1 + 0x2 ≤ 1`80, 0x1 + 5x2 ≤ 200; and x1, x2 ≥ 0. Q12 Use penalty method to solve the following LLP Minimize Z = 5x1 + 3x2, Subject to the constraints 2x1 + 4x2 ≤ 12; 2x1 + 2x2 = 10, 5x1 + 2x2 ≥ 10; and x1, x2 ≥ 0. Q13 Use penalty (Big M) method to solve the following LLP Maximize Z = x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 – x4 Subject to the constraints x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 15; 2x1 + x2 + 5x3 = 20 x1 + 2x2 + x3 + x4 = 10, and x1, x2, x3, x43 ≥ 0. Q14 Use penalty (Big M) method to solve the following LLP Maximize Z = 4x1 + 5x2 – 3x3 Subject to the constraints x1 + x2 + x3 = 10 x1 – x2 ≥ 1 2 x1 + 3x2 + x3 ≤ 40, and x1, x2, x3 ≥ 0. Q15 Solve the following LPP by two phase method Maximize Z = 2x1 – x2 + x3 Subject to the constraints x1 + x2 – 3x3 ≤ 8 4x1 – x2 + x3 ≥ 2 2 x1 + 3x2 – x3 ≥ 4, and x1, x2, x3 ≥ 0.

Q16 The ABC printing company is facing a tight financial squeeze and is attempting to cut costs wherever possible. At present it has only one printing contract and luckily the book is selling well in both the hardcover and paperback editions. It has just received a request to print more copies of this book in either the hardcover or paperback form. The printing cost for hardcover book is Rs 600 per 100 while that for paperback is only Rs 500 per 100. Although the company is attempting to economize, it does not with to lay off any employee. Therefore ir feels oblized to run its two printing presses at least 80 and 60 hours per week. Press I can produce 100 hardcover books in 2 hour or 100 paperbacks books in 1 hours. Press II can produce 100 hardcover books in 1 hour or 100 paperbacks books in 2 hours. Determine how many books of each type should be printed in order to minimize costs.

Q17 Solve the following LPP Minimize Z = x1 + x2 Subject to the constraints 2x1 + x2 ≥ 4 x1 + 7x2 ≥ 7 and x1, x2 ≥ 0. Q18 Prove that Dual of the Dual of a given Primal is Primal. Q19 Solve by dual simplex method Minimize Z = 2x1 + 2x2 + 4x3 Subject to the constraints 2x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 ≥ 2 3x1 + x2 + 7x3 ≤ 3 x1 + 4x2 + 6x3 ≤ 5, and x1, x2, x3 ≥ 0. Q20 Solve the following by its dual Minimize Z = 10x1 + 15x2 + 30x3 Subject to the constraints x1 + 3x2 + x3 ≥ 90 2x1 + 5x2 + 3x3 ≥ 120 x1 + x2 + x3 ≥ 60, and x1, x2, x3 ≥ 0. Q21 Solve the following by its dual Maximize Z = 40x1 + 35x2 Subject to the constraints 2x1 + 3x2 ≤ 60 4x1 + 3x2 ≤ 96 x1, x2 ≥ 0. Q22 Solve the following by its dual Minimize Z = 3x1 + x2 Subject to the constraints 2x1 + 3x2 ≥ 2 x1 + x2 ≥ 1 x1, x2 ≥ 0. Q23 What is an assignment problem? Give the mathematical formulation of it. Q24 What is a transshipment problem? What are the main characteristic of it? Q25 A marketing manager has 5 salesman and 5 sales districts. Considering the capabilities of the salesman and the nature of districts the marketing manager estimates that sales per month ( in hundred rupees ) for each salesman in each district would be as follows:

Salesman Sales Districts

A B C D E

1 32 38 40 28 40

2 40 24 28 21 36

3 41 27 33 30 37

4 22 38 41 36 36

5 29 33 40 35 39

Find the assignment of salesman to districts that will result in maximum sales.

Q26 Obtain the optimal assignment of fobs and find the cost of such assignment using the following cost matrix

Persons Jobs

A B C D E

1 27 18 35 20 21

2 31 24 21 12 17

3 20 17 20 25 16

4 21 28 20 16 27

Q27 Solve the following assignment problem to find the maximum total expected sale.

Area I II III IV

Salesman

A B C

80 75 78

70 75 78

75 80 82

72 85 78

Q28 Four new machines M1, M2, M3 and M4 are to be installed in a forging shop. There are five spaces. Because

of limited space problem aM2 can not be placed at C and M3 can not be placed at A. installation cost of machines to various places are given in the table below

Machines Spaces

A B C D E

1 4 6 10 5 6

2 7 4 - 5 4

3 - 6 9 6 2

4 9 3 7 2 3

Solve then assignment problem to minimize the installation cost. Q29 Solve the following minimal assignment problem with five jobs to be assigned to five machines and the

associated matrix given below

jobs Machines

A B C D E

1 11 17 8 16 20

2 9 7 12 6 15

3 13 16 15 12 16

4 21 24 17 28 26

5 14 10 12 11 15

Q30 Six salesmen are to six sales regions so that the cost of allocation of the fob will be the minimum. Each

salesman is capable of doing the jobs at different costs in each region. The cost matrix is given below.

Salesmen Region

A B C D E F

1 15 35 0 25 10 40

2 40 5 45 20 15 20

3 25 60 10 65 25 10

4 25 20 35 10 25 60

5 30 70 40 5 40 50

10 25 30 40 50 15

Find the allocation to give the minimum cost. What is minimum cost? Q31 Solve the following traveling salesman problem gi\ven by the following data to minimize the cost per cycle.

C12 = 16, C13 = 4, C14 = 12, C23 = 6, C34 = 5, C25 = 8, C35 = 6, C45 = 20 and Cij = Cji and Cij = ∞ for all values of i & j, not given in the data, i.e. there is no root between cities i & j if a value for Cij is not shown.

Q32 Obtain an initial feasible solution for the following transportation problem by Vogel’s approximation method:

D1 D2 D3 D4 Available

O1 1 2 1 4 30

Origin O2 4 2 5 9 50

O3 20 40 30 10 20

Requirement 20 40 30 10 100

Q33. Solve the following transportation problem:

Sources Destination Availability

A B C D

Sources - I 21 16 25 13 11

Sources - II 17 18 14 23 13

Sources - III 32 27 18 41 19

Requirement 6 10 12 15 43 ( Total )

Q34 Solve the following transportation problem:


I II III IV

A 21 16 25 13 11

B 17 18 14 23 13

C 32 17 18 41 19


Test it for optimality.

Q35 Solve the following transportation problem:


I II III IV

A 1 2 1 4 30

B 3 3 2 1 50

C 4 2 5 9 20


Test it for optimality. Q36 A manufacturer wants to ship 22 loads of his product as shown below. The matrix gives the km from sources of suooly to the destination.


I II III IV V

A 5 8 6 6 3 8

B 4 7 7 6 5 5

C 8 4 6 6 4 9


Q37 Determine an initial basic feasible solution using Vogel’s method by considering the following transportation problem. D1 D2 D3 D4 Supply O1 21 16 15 3 11 O2 17 18 14 23 13 O3 32 27 18 41 19 Demand 6 10 12 15 43 Q38 Find the initial basic feasible solution to the following transportation problem by lowest cost entry method. D1 D2 D3 D4 Supply O1 3 7 5 5 38 O2 5 5 3 4 19 O3 2 4 4 5 16 O4 4 9 4 6 23 Demand 25 29 21 21 96 Q39. Solve the following Transportation Problems

I II III IV Supply

A 10 0 20 11 15

B 12 7 9 20 25

C 0 14 16 18 5

demand 5 15 15 10 45

Q40. Using Vogel’s Approximation Method, solve the following transpiration problem

I II III IV Available

A 21 16 25 13 11(3)

B 17 18 14 23 13(3)

C 32 27 18 41 19(9)

Requirement 6(4) 10(2) 12(4) 15(10)

Q41. Obtain an initial basic feasible solution to the following transpiration problem


A 11 13 17 14 250

B 16 18 14 10 300

C 21 24 13 10 400

Requirement 200 225 275 250

Q42. Obtain an initial basic feasible solution to the following transpiration problem


A 19 30 50 10 7

B 70 30 40 60 9

C 40 8 70 20 18


DBGI DEHRADUN

REVIEW

DATE :

PLANNING & MONITORING OF COURSE CONTENT SHEET OF

DEPARTMENT: Mechanical Engineering

SEMESTER: 6th

Semester

SUBJECT : IC Engines

NAME OF TEACHER:

YEAR : 3rd

Year

COURSE CODE: TME-602

SIGNATURE : ___________

DATE : ___________

S.

No.

TOPIC

Date

No. OF

LECTU

RES

PLANN

ED

ACTUAL

No. OF

LECTURES

TAKEN

SIGNA

TURE

OF

HOD

(rando

m)

1 Engine classification 1

2 Air standard cycles, Otto, Diesel, Stirling,

Ericsson cycles

2

3 Actual Cycle analysis 1

4 Two and four stroke engines 1

5 SI and CI engines, Valve timing diagram, 1

6 Rotary engines, stratified charge engine 1

7 Fuels for SI and CI engine , important qualities

of SI engine fuels

1

8 Rating of SI engine fuels, Important qualities of

CI engine fuels,

1

9 Dopes, Additives, Gaseous fuels, LPG, CNG,

Biogas, Producer gas, Alternative fuels for IC

engines

2

10 Carburetion, Mixture requirements, Carburetor

types Theory of carburetor, MPFI.

2

11 Combustion in SI engine, Flame speed, Ignition

delay

1

12 Abnormal combustion and it's control 1

13 combustion chamber design for SI engines. 1

14 Ignition system requirements, Magneto and

battery ignition systems

1

15 ignition timing and spark plug, Electronic

ignition,

1

16 battery and its types, Charging and discharging

of batteries

2

17 Fuel injection in CI engines, Requirements,

Types of injection systems,

1

18 Fuel pumps, Fuel injectors, Injection timings 1

19 Combustion in CI engines, Ignition delay,

Knock and it's control,

2

20 Combustion chamber design of CI engines. 1

21 Scavenging in 2 Stroke engines, pollution and

it's control.

1

22 Different cooling systems, Cooling Towers 1

23 Radiators and cooling fans. 1

23 Engine friction, Lubrication principal, Type of

lubrication

1

24 Lubrication oils, Crankcase ventilation. 1

25 Effect of altitude on power output 1

26 Types of supercharging. 1

27 Performance parameters, 1

28 Basic measurements, Blow by measurement, 1

29 Testing of SI and CI engines. 1

30 Classification of compressors 1

31 Reciprocating compressors, Single and multi

stage,

1

32 Intercooling, Volumetric efficiency. 1

33 Rotary compressors, Classification, 1

34 Centrifugal compressor, Elementary theory

,Vector Diagram efficiencies,

1

35 Elementary analysis of axial compressors. 1

TOTAL 40

REMARKS/ RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE:

Signature of Faculty:______________ Signature of HOD:__________

Date: __________


Assignment Sheet

Course Name: Internal Combustion Engines

Assignment No. 1



Unit/Title: 1/ Thermodynamic Review

Date of Issue: Date of Submission:

1. Explain the PV diagram, defining all lines of significance, and state its use in dealing with

problems in internal combustion engines.

2. Define the following thermodynamic processes and terms: adiabatic, isentropic isothermal,

isobaric, polytrophic, specific heat ratio, ambient conditions, and perfect gas.

3. What are the thermodynamic cycles applicable to both SI and CI engines?

4. Explain briefly the four laws of thermodynamics

5. Compare 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines.

6. Relate each of the following temperature units to each others:

Deg. C - Deg. F - Deg. K - Deg. R

7. List the important parts of I. C. Engine.

8. What are the engine emission and how they can be controlled?

9. Classify IC engines.

10. Give 6 examples of classified engine by using different classifying terms.


Assignment Sheet

Course Name: Internal Combustion Engines Assignment No. 2



Unit/Title: 2 / Carburetion Date of Issue: Date of Submission:

1. Sketch and explain the working of a simple carburetor. Also explain how the slow running and

compensating jets work.

2. Define carburetion. Explain the factors that affect the process of carburetion.

3. Explain the basic energy requirements for spark ignition and explain the Battery ignition system

for SI engine.

4. What are different air-fuel mixtures on which an engine can be operated?

5. Explain the following: (i) rich mixture, (ii) stoichiometric mixture, and (iii) lean mixture.

6. How the power and efficiency of the si engine vary with air fuel ratio for different load and speed

conditions?

7. Explain the principle of carburetion? Describe the essential parts of a carburetor?

8. With a neat sketch explain the working principle of a simple carburetor?

9. Describe with suitable sketches following system of a modern carburetor:

Main metering system

Idling system

Economizer system

Acceleration pump system

Choke

10. What are the functional requirements of an injection system?


Assignment Sheet




Unit/Title: 3 / Combustion, Ignition System


1. What are the various types of ignition system that are commonly used?

2. Explain the basic energy requirements for spark ignition?

3. With a neat sketch explain the Battery Ignition System?

4. With a neat sketch explain the Magneto Ignition System?

5. What is the main function of a spark plug? Draw a neat sketch & explain its parts?

6. Explain the phenomenon of knocking in S.I. engines. What are the different factors which

influence the knocking? Describe the methods of suppressing it.

7. Describe various methods of finding out indicated power for a multi cylinder engine.

8. The factor that tends to increase detonation in S.I. engine tends to reduce knocking in C.I. engine.

Discuss this statement with reference to the following:

a. Compression ratio

b. Inlet temperature

c. Self ignition temperature of fuel

d. Combustion chamber wall temperature

e. Time lag of ignition temperature of fuel

9. What is knocking? How does it happen? Show the diagram of flame propagation while knocking.

Explain the important qualities and rating of S.I. engine.

10. Explain the phenomena of knock in CI engines and compare it with SI engine knock.


Assignment Sheet




Unit/Title: 4 / Engine Friction, Lubrication & Cooling


1. Explain the various frictional losses in an engine?

2. Explain the various mechanism of lubrication bringing out their functions?

3. Explain the various components to be lubricated in an engine and explain how it is accomplished?

4. Clearly explain the various wet sump lubrication system? Compare wet sump & dry sump

lubrication system?

5. What do you mean by supercharging? Explain why is it necessitated? Describe the different

methods of supercharging in brief.

6. What is its effect on engine performance? Briefly explain the different types of superchargers.

7. How engines are air cooled? What is the purpose of fins in an air cooled system? What is the size

and spacing of fins?

8. What is the advantage of pressurized cooling? How pressurizing is accomplished? What is

evaporative cooling?

9. What is the function of a radiator? Explain the construction of a typical radiator. Discuss the

different types of radiator matrices commonly used?

10. Discuss the functions of lubrication in an engine.


Assignment Sheet


Assignment No. 5



Unit/Title: 5 / Emission, Compressor Date of Issue: Date of Submission:

1. What are the problems created by exhaust emissions? What causes the engine emissions?

2. Give a brief account of air pollution due to engines?

3. What are the major emissions that come out of engine exhaust?

4. What is a thermal converter? how does it help to reduce emissions from engines?

5. What are catalytic converters? How are they helpful in reducing HC, CO & NOx Emissions?

6. What is pressure coefficient and slip factor for a centrifugal compressor stage ? What is the effect

of slip factor on the flow and the pressure ratio in the stage?

7. Explain the working of single stage reciprocating air Compressor. Also find out the work done by

a single stage reciprocating air compressor without any clearance volume if compression assume

to be polytrophic.

8. Prove that Volumetric efficiency of a single stage reciprocating compressor is given by:

nv = 1 + K – K (P2 / P1)

where, K = Constant and P1 = Inlet pressure, P2 = outlet pressure

n = polytrophic index, Vc = clearance volume, Vs = swept volume



10. Briefly explain the stages of combustions in SI engines elaborating the flame front propagation?


Tutorial Sheet


Tutorial Sheet No. 1



Unit/Title: 1/ Thermodynamics Review

Date of Discussion:

1. Explain the PV diagram, defining all lines of significance, and state its use in dealing with

problems in internal combustion engines.

2. Define the following thermodynamic processes and terms: adiabatic, isentropic isothermal,

isobaric, polytrophic, specific heat ratio, ambient conditions, and perfect gas.

3. Define each of the followings, and state the differences between them

(a) nozzle – diffuser – throttle

(b) Pump – compressor – fan – turbine

5. Convert the following units:

lbm to kg - Btu to Joule - calorie to Joule - feet to meter - ft/s to m/s - inch to centimeter - psi to

atm - Btu/lbm to kJ/kg - Btu/hr to kw - cu.ft to liter –

6. Relate each of the following temperature units to each others:

Deg. C - deg. F - deg. K - deg. R


Tutorial Sheet






Date of Discussion:

1. What are the engine emission and how they can be controlled?

2. Explain the 2-stroke engine operation.

3. Explain what does this statement means "discovery of crude oil resulted in the development of

reliable fuel appropriate for ICE use".

4. Explain the 4-stroke engine operation.

5. Explain the opposed piston engine operation.


Tutorial Sheet






Date of Discussion:

1. A four cylinder, 4 – stroke, SI engine has a bore of 80 mm and stroke of 80 mm. The compression

ratio is 8. Calculate :

a. Engine cubic capacity.

b. cylinder clearance volume.

c. state what type of engine is this .

(Answer: 1608.4 cm3,

57.4 cm3

)

2. A six cylinder, 4 – stroke, SI engine operates at (3600 rpm). Calculate :

a. the rate of spark plug firing in the entire engine.

b. how many powers stroke per minutes each cylinder produce.

c. the number of induction strokes that takes place in 5 sec.

(Answer: 10800, 1800, 150)

3. An engine of 0.2 m bore , has piston stroke and clearance volume expressed as follows :

B = 90 % of the piston stroke. Vc = 10 % of engine cylinder volume.

Find:

a. The piston displacement in (lit)

b. Compression ratio.

(Answer: 7 lit, 10)

4. A twin cam , 32 valve , 4-stroke , 8 – cylinder SI engine operates at (4000 rpm) , find :

a. the rate a cam pushes a valve in the entire engine.

b. how many valve openings take place in (15 secs)

c. ratio of spark plug firing to number of valve opening per cycle.

(Answer: 64000, 16000, 0.25)

5. Solve Q.4 by considering CI engine to be used instead of SI engine.

6. Solve Q.2 by considering 2-stroke CI engine instead of 4-stroke SI engine.


Tutorial Sheet





Unit/Title: 2/ Carburetion Date of Discussion:



2. Define carburetion. Explain the factors that affect the process of carburetion.


for SI engine.

4. What are different air-fuel mixtures on which an engine can be operated?

5. Explain the following:

a. rich mixture

b. stoichiometric mixture

c. Lean mixture.


Tutorial Sheet





Unit/Title: 3/ Combustion & combustion chamber

Date of Discussion:

1. What are the various type of combustion chambers used in SI engines? Explain them briefly?

2. Bring out clearly the process of combustion in CI engines & also explain the various stages of

combustion?

3. What is delay period & what are the factors that effect the delay period?

4. Explain the phenomenon of knock in CI engines & compare it with CI engine knock.

5. Describe with the help of suitable sketches:

a. Individual pump and nozzle system

b. Common rail system

c. Distributor system


Tutorial Sheet



Course Code:TME-602 Faculty : Mr. Jitendra Sharma


Unit/Title: 4 / Ignition System Date of Discussion:

1. With a neat sketch explain the Magneto Ignition System?

2. What is the main function of a spark plug? Draw a neat sketch & explain its parts?












Tutorial Sheet





Unit/Title: 4 / Emission & Control Date of Discussion:

1. Explain the phenomena of knock in CI engines and compare it with SI engine knock.

2. With a neat sketch explain the battery ignition system.

3. What are the major emissions that come out of engine exhaust?

4. What is a thermal converter? How does it help to reduce emissions from engines?

5. What are catalytic converters? How are they helpful in reducing HC, CO & NOx Emissions?


Tutorial Sheet





Unit/Title: 5 / Compressors & Carburetion

Date of Discussion:

1. Show that volumetric efficiency of a reciprocating compressor can be given by :

ᶯvol = 1+ C – C (P3/ P2)1/n

Assume index of compression and expansion are same and C is ratio of clearance volume and

swept volume. Pressure at admission and discharge are P2 and P3. Index of compression is n

following process PVn= Constant.

2. Give constructional details and explain working of a centrifugal compressor.

3. (i) What are advantages of multi-staging of reciprocating compressor?

(ii) Explain isothermal efficiency in compressor.

4. Estimate indicated power of engine and its mechanical efficiency. Also identify the cylinder

which is in worst condition. Observations from a test of four cylinder, four-stroke petrol engine

running at some setting and speed :

BHP with all cylinders running = 35

BHP with 1st cylinder cut-off = 21

BHP with 2nd

cylinder cut-off = 23

BHP with 3rd

cylinder cut-off = 25

BHP with 4th cylinder cut-off = 22.5

5. A four cylinder four stroke engine develops 55 KW at 2500 rpm and the brake specific fuel

consumption is 160 gm/kw-hr. Considering specific gravity of fuel as o.8 determine the quantity

of fuel injected per cycle per cylinder.


Question Bank




UNIT- 1

1. Discuss the valve timing diagram for S.I. engine? Also make the degree chart for low speed and

high speed engine

2. Explain the effect of valve opening timing and ignition timing on the performance of the I.C.

engine

3. Compare the difference between 2-S and 4-S engine.

4. The output of the engine is 10KW and its mechanical efficiency is 80%.Find it‟s indicated and

friction power.

5. Draw the 4-S petrol and Diesel Engine diagram and also describe the function of each

component?

6. What are the valve overlap timings? What can be the effects due to increase or change in valve

overlap timing on engine operation?

7. What is the difference between S.I. and C.I. engine? Describe briefly

8. The engine of a car has 4cylinder of 68mm bore and 75mm stroke length. The compression ratio

is Determine the cc of the engine and clearance volume of each cylinder

9. Draw the 2-S engine diagram. Also explain the function of each component.

10. What are the fuels? What are the merit and demerits of unleaded petrol?

UNIT- 2


for SI engine.

2. Explain with the help of suitable sketch any four of the following:

a. Octane number, Cetane number and Performance number.

b. Battery ignition system

c. Wet sump lubrication system.

d. Rocket engine.

e. Roots blower.

f. Hydrocarbon emissions and its causes.

3. A double acting single cylinder reciprocating air compressor has a piston displacement of 0.015

m3 per revolution, operates at 500 r.p.m. and has a 5% clearance. The air is received at 1 bar and

delivered at 6 bar. The compression and expansion are polytropic with n= 1.3. Determine (i) the

volumetric efficiency (ii) the power required and (iii) the heat transferred and its direction, during

compression if the inlet temperature of air is 200C.

4. What do you mean by supercharging? Explain why is it necessitated? Describe the different

methods of supercharging in brief.

5. In a Brayton gas turbine power plant the minimum and maximum temperatures are 300 K and

1200 K respectively. The compression is carried out in two stages of equal pressure ratio with

intercooling of the working fluid to the minimum temperature of the cycle. The expansion carried

out in one stage only. The isentropic efficiencies of compressor and turbine are 85% and 90%

respectively. Determine the overall pressure ratio that would give the maximum net work per kg.

of working fluid. Also calculate the cycle efficiency.

6. In an I.C. engine operating on the dual cycle (limited pressure cycle), the temperature of working

fluid (air) at the beginning of compression is 3000

K . The ratio of the maximum and minimum

pressure of the cycle is 70 and the compression ratio is 15. The amounts of heat added at constant

volume and at constant pressure are equal. Compute the air standard thermal efficiency of the

cycle. State three main reasons why the actual thermal efficiency is different from the theoretical

value.

7. Draw the ideal and actual indicator diagrams of a two stroke S.I. engine. How are they different

from that of a four stroke cycle engine?



9. A four stroke petrol engine with the swept volume 6 liters has volumetric efficiency of 80% while

running at 3000 r.p.m. The engine is fitted with a carburetor with ventri diameter 40 mm.

Assuming simple carburetor condition calculate the pressure and air velocity at the venturi throat .

Take coefficient of discharge of air 0.85 and inlet atmospheric condition 1.03 bar and 270 C. If the

A/F is 14:1, specific gravity of fuel is 0.74. Calculate the jet size. Assuming the coefficient of

discharge to be 0.7.


11. Prove that the ratio of diameters Dl and Dh of the low pressure to high pressure cylinders

respectively in a two stage compressor having suction and discharge pressure Ps and Pd

respectively, and perfect intercooling is :

Dl = Pd 0.25

Dh Ps 0.25

12. A four cylinder, four stroke diesel engine develops a power of 200 kW at 1800 r.p.m. The bsfc is

0.25 kg/kWh. At the beginning of injection pressure is 35 bar and the maximum cylinder pressure

is 60 bar. The injection is expected to be at 215 bar and maximum pressure at the injector is set to

be about 520 bar. Assuming the following Cd for the injector = 0.7, S.G. of fuel = 0.875,

atmospheric pressure = 1.0 bar, effective pressure difference = average pressure difference over

the injection period. Determine the total orifice area required per injector if the injection takes

place over 150 crank angle.


for S.I. engine.

14. Compare the Otto and Diesel cycles for :

a. Same constant maximum pressure and same heat input.

b. Same maximum pressure and temperature

c. Same maximum pressure and output.

15. Compare the actual cycle with Air standard cycle in terms of time loss factor and heat loss factor.

16. A Diesel engine has a compression ratio of 20 and cut-off takes place at 5% of the stroke. Find

the air-standard efficiency. Assume γ = 1.4

UNIT- 3

1. A simple jet carburetor has to supply of 5 kg of air per minute. The air is at a pressure of 1.013

bars and a temperature of 270C. Calculate the throat diameter of the choke for air flow velocity of

90 m/sec. Take velocity coefficient to be 0.8. Assume isentropic flow. Assume the flow to be

compressible.










4. Discuss the air-fuel ratio requirements of a petrol engine automobile for starting and warm up,

idling and low load, normal power range, maximum power range and acceleration. Show that

these requirements are achieved.

5. Describe with the help of suitable sketches:

a. Individual pump and nozzle system

b. Common rail system

c. Distributor system

d. Discuss their relative advantages and disadvantages.

6. What is meant by supercharging? What is its effect on engine performance? Briefly explain the

different types of superchargers.

7. Prove that the pressure ratio for the maximum specific output is the square root of the pressure

ratio for the maximum thermal efficiency for an ideal gas turbine.

8. In an open cycle constant pressure gas turbine, air enters the compressor at 1.02 bar and 270C .

The pressure of air after the compression is 4.08 bar. The isentropic efficiencies of compressor

and turbine are 80% and 85% respectively. The A:F ratio used is 80:1. Find the indicated power

and thermal efficiency of the cycle if the flow rate of air is 2.5 kg/sec. Take Cp= 1 kJ/kg and γ=

1.4 for air and gases. Calorific value of fuel used = 41720 kJ/kg.

9. Explain with the help of suitable sketch any four of the following:

(a) Octane number, Cetane number, Performance number,

(b) Battery ignition system

(c) Wet sump lubrication system

(d) Rocket engine

(e) Roots blower

(f) Hydrocarbon emissions and its causes.

10. Explain briefly the following differences between a standard automobile spark-ignition (SI)

engine and a truck diesel engine:

(a) Where the fuel is injected and why

(b) How the load is varied at fixed speed

(c) How the combustion process starts, develops and ends

(d) How the in-cylinder pressure varies as a function of crank angle (draw

qualitatively the pressure traces for both engines in the same graph showing their

relative magnitudes and when approximately the combustion starts and ends in

each case).

(e) How the fuels are different and why?

11. Air enters the compressor of a gas turbine plant operating on Brayton cycle at 101.325 kPa, 270C.

The pressure ratio in the cycle is 6. Calculate the maximum temperature in the cycle and the cycle

efficiency. Assume WT= 2.5WC where WT and WC are the turbine and compressor work

respectively. Take γ= 1.4.

12. A gas turbine cycle takes in air at 250C and atmospheric pressure. The compression pressure ratio

is 4.The compressor efficiency is 75%. The inlet temperature to turbine is limited to 7500C. What

turbine efficiency would give overall cycle efficiency zero per cent?

13. An open cycle gas turbine plant has a single stage compressor and a single stage expander

incorporating a heat exchanger. The air suction temperature is 170C and the pressure is 1 bar. For

an overall pressure ratio of 4.5 and shaft output of 4000 kW, the mass flow is 40 kg/s. If the

thermal ratio of the heat exchanger is 0.6 and the isentropic efficiency of compressor is 0.84,

calculate the isentropic efficiency of the gas turbine for a plant thermal efficiency of 0.29. Take

for air γ=1.4, for gas gamma=1.365, Cpg=1.07 kJ/kgK, Cpa=1.005 kJ/kgK.

14. A closed cycle gas turbine uses helium as the working substance. The gas enters the compressor

at 4 bar and 320 K and discharges at 16 bar and 590 K. It then enters a regenerator of 70%

effectiveness. The turbine inlet condition is 15.5 bar and 1400K The turbine exhausts at 4.2 bar

and 800 K and enters the regenerator.

a. Determine (a) the compressor and turbine efficiencies,

b. (b) The thermal efficiency of the cycle

c. (c) The heat rejected in the cooler before compressor, and

d. (d) The helium flow rate for a net power output of 100MW.

Take Cp and γ for helium 5.2 and 1.67 respectively.

15. Describe with sketch a typical gas turbine combustion chamber. How the performance of

combustion chamber is given?

16. Derive the expression for efficiency and specific work output for a simple gas turbine cycle in

terms of pressure ratio.

17. Describe the air pollution caused by gas turbine emissions.

18. What are the main sources of pollutants from petrol engine? What is the effect of the following

factors on the exhaust emission?

a. Air fuel ratio

b. surface volume ratio

c. route speed.

19. Describe with sketches the following methods petrol exhaust emission control.

a. After burner

b. Exhaust manifold reactor

c. Catalytic converter system.

20. What is the cause of diesel smoke? What are the ways of controlling diesel smoke?

21. What is the cause and mechanism of diesel odour production? What factors affect odour

production? How odour can be controlled?

22. Discuss the air pollution from gas turbine and compare it with emissions from petrol engines.

23. What is the film coefficient? On what factors the film coefficient generally depends?

UNIT- 4

1. How engines are air cooled? What is the purpose of fins in an air cooled system? What is the size

and spacing of fins?

2. What is the advantage of pressurized cooling? How pressurizing is accomplished? What is

evaporative cooling



4. Discuss the functions of lubrication in an engine.

5. Define and differentiate between:

a. Boundary lubrication

b. Hydrodynamic lubrication,

c. Elastohydrodynamic lubrication.

6. Discuss with the help of suitable sketches the following:

a. Wet sump lubrication system

b. Dry sump lubrication system.

7. Why a very rich mixture is required for idling and for maximum power? What are the mixture

requirements for (a) starting and warm up (b) acceleration.

8. How smoke density can be measured? Describe with sketch the principle of Bosch or Hartridge

smoke meter.

9. What is the difference between absorption dynamometer and transmission dynamometer?

Describe with a sketch a transmission dynamometer?

10. Discuss the stages of combustion in S.I. engine. What is the delay period in C.I. engine? How do

we control knocking in C.I. engine?

11. What is knocking? How does it happen? Show the diagram of flame propagation while knocking.

Explain What is a gas turbine? How does it differ from a steam engine? How does a gas turbine

compare with the internal combustion engine power plant?

12. What are the essential components of a simple open cycle gas turbine plant? Differentiate clearly

between a closed cycle gas turbine and an open cycle gas turbine. List the methods of improving

the efficiency and specific output of a simple gas turbine.

13. State the assumptions made for thermal efficiency of a gas turbine plant.

14. Write briefly the uses of gas turbines. Draw the layout of a gas turbine plant which has two stage

compressions with complete intercooling.

UNIT- 5

1. Classify air compressors. When is multi-stage compression used for air? What are its advantages?

Explain the effect of intercooling in a multistage reciprocating compressor?

2. Discuss briefly a two stage air compressor with intercooler. Draw the ideal p-v diagram. Derive

the expression for work done per unit mass of air. Establish that the work done is minimum when

the pressure ratio for each stage is the same and there is complete intercooling

3. Draw p-v and T-S diagram for a single stage reciprocating air compressor without clearance.

Derive the expression for the work done when the expression is (a) isothermal, and (b) isentropic

4. What is the difference between rotary and reciprocating compressor? Differentiate between

centrifugal compressor and axial flow compressor.

5. Define static and total head quantities. What do you understand by the term „slip factor‟? Define

„prewhirl‟. Explain its effect on the impeller of a centrifugal pump.

6. Explain, with a neat sketch, the working of a centrifugal compressor and obtain an expression for

the work done.

7. Describe with a neat sketch, the working of a Roots blower compressor and show its p-v diagram.

For what applications, it is used.

8. Describe the working of a single stage reciprocating air compressor. Derive the expression for the work

done when the expression is (a) isothermal, and (b) isentropic

9. What are the purposes of supercharging I.C.Engines? Supercharging is more preferred in C.I.

engines than in S.I. engines. Why? What are the merits of supercharging?

10. What do you mean by supercharging of I.C.Engines? Discuss the different methods of

supercharging. What are the demerits of supercharging?

11. Determine the size of the cylinder for a double acting air compressor of 40 kW indicated power,

in which air is drawn in at 1 bar and 150C and compressed according to the law pv

1.2 =constant to

6 bar. The compressor runs at 100 r.p.m. with average piston speed of 152.5 m/min, neglect

clearance.

12. A single stage reciprocating air compressor is required to compress 1 kg of air from 1 bar to 4

bars. The initial temperature is 270C. Compare the work required in the following cases a).

Isothermal compression b). Compression with pv1.2

= constant c). Isentropic compression.

13. What is pressure coefficient and slip factor for a centrifugal compressor stage? What is the effect

of slip factor on the flow and the pressure ratio in the stage?

14. A single stage double acting air compressor of 75 kW indicated power at 120 r.p.m. takes air at 1

bar and compression as PV1.35

= constant, find the diameter and stroke of the cylinder. Take piston

speed=200 m/min ; Volumetric efficiency = 90% ; Also find the clearance volume as percentage

of stroke volume.

15. A constant process closed cycle tussrbine plant works between temperature range of 8000C and

300C. The isentropic efficiencies of compression and turbine are 80% and 90% respectively. Find

the pressure ratio of the cycle for maximum thermal efficiency and maximum specific output of

the cycle. Assume air is used as working medium. What is the percentage change in these if

Argon is used as working medium?

DBIT DEHRADUN

LESSON PLAN

SEMESTER/YEAR: 6th

/3rd

DEPARTMENT: ME

COURSE: MACHINE DESIGN - II CODE: TME-603

S.

No.

Topic Name

Reference/ Text Book/

Web

(R/T/W)

No. Of Lectures

Delivery Method

Remarks

1. Introduction, about the syllabus R1/T1 1 BOARD & MARKER

2. Different types of

mechanical drives and comparison

R1/T1 2 BOARD & MARKER

3. Gear drive and classification R1/T1 2 BOARD & MARKER

4. Different types of gear train R2/T1 2 BOARD & MARKER

5. Gear terminology, contact ratio, Backlash,interference R2/T1 2 BOARD & MARKER

6. Force analysis of spur gear R2/T1 2 BOARD & MARKER

7. Tooth forms, Standard System of gear teeth R1/T1/W1 2 BOARD &

MARKER

8. Beam strength of gear tooth, Dynamic tooth load R1/T1/W2 2 BOARD &

MARKER

9. Wear strength of gear tooth,

Failure of gear tooth R2/T1 2 BOARD &

MARKER

10. Design of spur gears, AGMA and Indian standards.

Standard Gear manufacturing methods, R1/T1 2 BOARD &

MARKER

11. Terminology, Proportions for helical gears, Beam

strength and wear strength of helical gears


12 Herringbone gears, crossed helical gears, Design of

helical gears R2/T1 2 BOARD &

MARKER

13. Types of worms, Terminology, Gear tooth proportions R2/T1 1 BOARD &

MARKER

14. Efficiency of worm gears R2/T1 2 BOARD &

MARKER

15. Strength and wear tooth load for worm gears R2/T1 2 BOARD &

MARKER

16. Heat dissipation in worm gearing R1/T1 1 BOARD &

MARKER

17. Design of worm gearing R1/T1 2 BOARD &

MARKER

18. Sliding Contact Bearing Types, Selection of bearing,

Plain journal bearing


19. Hydrodynamic lubrication,

Properties and materials

R1/T1/W4 1 BOARD & MARKER

20. Lubricants and lubrication, Hydrodynamic journal

bearing

R1/T1/W3 2 BOARD & MARKER

21. Heat generation, Design of journal bearing R2/T1 1 BOARD &

MARKER

22. Thrust bearing-pivot and collar bearing, Hydrodynamic thrust bearing


23. Rolling Contact Bearing Advantages and disadvantages


24. Types of ball bearing, Thrust ball bearing R1/T1 1 BOARD & MARKER

25. Types of roller bearing, Selection of radial ball bearing R1/T1 2 BOARD & MARKER

26. Bearing life, Selection of roller bearings R1/T1 1 BOARD & MARKER

27. Dynamic equivalent load for roller contact bearing under constant and variable loading,


28. Reliability of Bearing, Selection of rolling contact bearing


29. Lubrication of ball and roller bearing, R1/T1 1 BOARD & MARKER

30. Mounting of bearing R1/T1 1 BOARD & MARKER

31. Selection of type of IC engine R1/T1 1 BOARD & MARKER

32. General design considerations R1/T1 1 BOARD & MARKER

33. Design of Cylinder and cylinder head R1/T1 2 BOARD &

MARKER

34. Design of piston R1/T1 2 BOARD & MARKER

35. Piston ring and gudgeon pin R1/T1 2 BOARD & MARKER

36. Design of connecting rod, R1/T1 3 BOARD & MARKER

37. Design of centre crankshaft R1/T1 2 BOARD & MARKER

Total Lectures: 63

NOTE: Methodology and lecture plan may vary as per the requirements / performance of the students.

REMARKS/RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE:


TEXT BOOKS:

[T1] Design of Machine Elements: V.B. Bhandari [TMH Publication]

REFERENCE BOOKS:

R1. Mechanical Engineering Design – Joseph E. Shigely, McGraw Hill Publications

R2. Machine Design-Sharma and Agrawal, S.K. Kataria & Sons

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

WEB RESOURCES:-

W1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coil_spring

W2.www1.coe.neu.edu/~hamid/MIMU550/Gears%20presentation.ppthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_( mechanical)

W3. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/IIT-MADRAS/Machine_Design_II/pdf/5_1.pdf W4.

http://www.rmcet.com/lib/E-Books/Mech-

auto/Engineering%20Fundamentals%20of%20IC%20Engines%20(WW%20Pulkrabek).pdf

Approved By

Signature of HOD:_

Date:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coil_spring

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_(mechanical)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_(mechanical)

http://nptel.ac.in/courses/IIT-MADRAS/Machine_Design_II/pdf/5_1.pdf

http://www.rmcet.com/lib/E-Books/Mech-

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

DEV BHOOMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DEHRADUN

ASSIGNMENT SHEET

Course Name : Machine Design -II Assignment No. 1

Course Code:TME-603

Faculty :

Branch: ME Semester: VI

Unit/Title: Unit-1 / Gear Design (spur/helical gear) Date of Conduction:

1. In a pair of spur gears, the number of teeth othe Pinion and gear are 20 and 100 respectively. The

module is 6mm.Calculate

(i) The centre distance;

(ii) The pitch circle diameters of the pinion & gear (iii)Addendum and dedendum; (iv) Tooth thickness and bottom clearance; (v) Gear ratio.

[Ans( i)360mm (ii) 120mm and600mm (iii) 6&7.5mm (iv) 9.4248 &1.5mm

(v) 5]

2. A pair of spur gears consists of a 24 teeth pinion, rotating at 1000 rpm and transmitting power to

48 teeth gear. The module is 6mm, while the face width 60 mm. Both the gears are made of steel with an ultimate tensile strength of 450 N/mm2.They are heat treated to a surface hardness of 250

BHN. Assume the velocity factor accounts for the dynamic load .Calculate using the velocity factor

to account for the dynamic load, calculate (i) Beam strength

(ii) Wear strength [Ans: 18198 N, 11517 N, and 8.24

kW] (iii) Rated power that the gears can transmit without failure, if the factor of safety and service

factor 2 and 1.5 respectively.

3. It is required to design a pair of spur gears with 200 full depths involute teeth consisting of a

20teeth pinion meshing with a 50 teeth gear .The pinion shaft is connected to a 22.5 kW .1450 rpm electric motor. The starting torque of the motor can be taken as 150% of rated torque. The material

for the pinion is FE 410 (Sut= 410 N/mm2.and gear is FG 200 (Sut= 200 N/mm2) .FOS

=1.5. Design the gears taking the velocity factor to account for the dynamic load.

[Ans: module=7mm, dp=140mm, dg=350mm]

4. It is required to design a pair of spur gears with 200 full depth involute teeth. The input shaft

rotates at 720 rpm and receives 5 kW power through a flexible coupling. The speed of the

output shaft should be 144 rpm. The pinion as well as the gear are made of steel FE 410 (Sut = 410 N/mm2) .The service factor for the application is 1.25. Assume no of teeth on the pinion is 18.

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

(i) Estimate the module of the gear taking factor of safety 2 and select the first

preference value of the module. (ii) Using this value of the module, calculate the pitch circle diameters of the pinion and gear

and the face width.

(iii) Determine static load and the dynamic load by Buckingham‟s equation. Also calculates

the beam strength and the correct value of factor of safety based on beam strength.

(iv) Using factor of safety of 2 for wear strength, specify the surface hardness for gears.

[Ans: (i) 4.89 or 5 mm (ii) 90, 450, 50 mm (iii) 1473.66,5993 & 10523, 1.34 (iv) 370 approx 5. A pair of parallel helical gears consists of 18teeth pinion meshing with 63 teeth gear. The

normal module is 3 mm. The helix angle is 230 while the normal pressure angle is 200 . Calculate

(i) The transverse module

(ii) The transverse pressure angle (iii) The axial pitch (iv) The centre distance [Ans: 3.26 mm,21.570, 24.13 mm,272mm

approx] 6. A pair of parallel helical gears consists of 18 teeth pinion meshing with 45 teeth gear.

The normal module is 6 mm. The helix angle is 230 while the normal pressure angle is 200. 7.5 kW power at 2000 rpm is supplied to the pinion through its shaft. Determine the tangential, radial, axial component of the resultant tooth force between the meshing teeth

[Ans: 610.41, 241.36, 259.10 N] 7. It is required to design a pair of helical gears consists of 24 teeth pinion meshing with 96

teeth gear. The pinion shaft rotates at 5000 rpm and supplying 2.5 kW power to the gear.

The helix angle is 230 while the normal pressure angle is 200. The pinion as well as the

gear are made of hardened steel (Sut = 750 N/mm2). The service factor for the

application is 1.5.

(i) Estimate the module of the gear taking factor of safety 2 and select the first preference

value of the module. Using this value of the module, calculate the pitch circle diameters of

the pinion and gear and the face width. (ii) Determine the dynamic load by Buckingham‟s equation .Also calculates the beam

strength

and the correct value of factor of safety based on beam strength. Using factor of safety of 2 for

wear strength, specify the surface hardness for gears.

[Ans (i)1.5mm,39.11,156.44,15 mm (ii)1500 N,2025 N ,1.35 (iii)420]

DBIT/BTech/ME//17


ASSIGNMENT SHEET


Course Code:TME-603

Faculty :


Unit/Title: Unit 1 / Bevel Gear Design Date of Conduction:

1. A pair of bevel gear consists of a 30 teeth pinion meshing with a 48 teeth gear. The gears are

mounted on shafts, which are intersecting at right angles. The module at the large end

of the tooth is

4mm.Calculate

(i) The pitch circle diameters of the pinion & gear

(ii) The pitch angles for pinion and gear

(iii) Cone distance

[Ans: (i) 120 and 192 mm (ii) 32 &58 (iii) 113.21mm]

2. A pair of velocity ratio of 2:1.the pitch circle diameter of the pinion is 80mm at the large end

of the tooth.5kW power is supplied to the pinion which rotates at 800rpm.The face width is

40mm and the pressure angle 20 degree. Calculate the tangential radial and axial components of

tooth force acting on the pinion and gear.

[Ans: 1921.79N, 625.63N, 312.81N]

3. A pair of straight bevel gears consists of a 30 teeth pinion meshing with a 45 teeth

gear .The module and the face width are 6mm and 50mm respectively. The pinion as well as

the gear is made of steel (Sut=600 N/mm2). Calculate the beam strength of the tooth.

[Ans: 15636.82N]

4. A pair of straight bevel gear consists of a 24-teeth pinion meshing with a 48 teeth

gear. The module at the outside diameter is 6mm while the face width is 50 mm. The gears

are made of grey cast iron FG 220 (S ut =220 N/mm2 ). The pressure angle is 200. The

teeth are generated and assume that velocity factor accounts for the dynamic load. The pinion

rotates at 300 rpm and the service factor is 1.5.

Calculate

(i) The beam strength of the tooth.

(ii) The static load the gear can transmit with a factor of safety2 for bending consideration. and

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

(iii) The rerated power the gears can

transmit.

[Ans: (i) 5267.74N (ii) 1384.19N (iii)

3.13]

5. A pair of straight bevel gears is made of grey cast iron FG200 (E=114000 N/mm2).The surface

endurance strength is 90 N/mm2. The number of teeth on the pinion and gear are 30& 40

respectively. The module and the face width are 6mm & 50mm respectively. The pressure angle

is 200.Determine the wear strength of the tooth.

[Ans: 352.08N] 6. A pair of straight bevel gears is mounted on shafts which are intersecting at right angles.

the gears are made of steel and the surface hardness is 300 BHN. The number of teeth on the

pinion and gear are

40 & 65 respectively. The module at the outside diameter is 3mm while the face width of the

tooth is 35 mm are 6mm & 50mm respectively .Calculate the wear strength of the tooth.

[Ans: 7723.02N] 7. A pair of straight bevel gears is mounted on shafts which are intersecting at right angles. The

number of teeth on the pinion and gear are 30 & 45 respectively. The pressure angle is 200.The

16.5kW power is supplied to the pinion through electric motor which rotates at 500 rpm.The

service factor can be taken as1.5. The gears are made of steel and the surface hardness is 350

BHN.The gears are manufactured in such a way that the error between two meshing teeth is

limited to 20µm. The module and the face width are 6mm & 50mm respectively. Determine the

fos against bending as well as pitting.

[Ans: 1.25 and 1.85]

DBIT/BTech/ME//17


ASSIGNMENT SHEET


Course Code:TME-603

Faculty : Branch: ME Semester: VI

Unit/Title: Unit 1 /Worm Gear Design Date of Conduction:

1. A pair of worm gear is designated as 2/54/10/5

Calculate

(i) the centre distance

(ii) the speed reduction

(iii) the dimension of the worm

(iv) and the dimension of the worm wheel

[Ans: (i) 160mm,(ii)27 (iii)d1=50mm; da1=60mm df1=38.427mm

,px=15.708mm(iv) d2=270mm df2=258.039mm da2=279.612mm]


The worm rotates at 1000 rpm and the normal pressure angle is 200. Determine the

coefficient of friction and the efficiency of the worm gears.

[Ans: 0.027 and 77.45%]


The input speed of the worm shaft is 1000rpm.The worm wheel is made of phosphor

bronze, while the worm of case hardened steel10C4.Determine the power transmitting

capacity using beam strength.

[Ans: 2.1kw]


The input speed of the worm shaft is 1000rpm.The worm wheel is made of phosphor bronze,

while the worm of case hardened steel10C4.Determine the power transmitting capacity using

wear strength.

[ Ans: 0.77 kw]

DBIT/BTech/ME//17


ASSIGNMENT SHEET


Course Code:TME-603

Faculty Branch: ME Semester: VI

Unit/Title: Unit II /Rolling Contact Bearing Date of Conduction:

1. Write down the different types of of rolling contact bearing. Also mention the advantages

and disadvantages of different bearings.

2. Write down the different mounting procedure for rolling contact bearings with neat

diagram.

3. Mention the different design parameters for sliding contact bearing with their effect .

4. Derive Petroff‟s equation for journal bearing.

5. A ball bearing with a dynamic load carrying capacity of 25kN is subjected to a radial load

of 10kN. Calculate :

(i) The expected life in million of revolutions that 90% of the bearing will reach;

(ii) The corresponding life in hours, if the shaft is rotating at 1000 rpm.

6. The following data is given for a 360 hydrodynamic bearing:

Journal diameter = 100 mm, Bearing length =100 mm, Radial load =40 kN, Journal speed=

1500 rpm, Radial clearance =0.10 mm, Viscosity of lubricant =20 cP

Calculate :(a) minimum film thickness, (b) coefficient of friction, and (c) Power lost in friction

DBIT/BTech/ME//17


ASSIGNMENT SHEET


Course Code:TME-603

Faculty : Branch: ME Semester: VI

Unit/Title: Unit II /Sliding & Rolling Contact Bearing Date of Conduction:

1. A single row deep groove ball bearing No 6002 is subjected to an axial thrust of

1200N and radial load of 2000N. Find the expected life that 50% of the bearings will

complete under this condition.

2. A single –row deep groove ball bearing is subjected to a radial load of 2500N and a

thrust force of 1000N. The shaft rotates at 1200 rpm. The expected life L10 of the bearing

is 150000 Hrs. The minimum acceptable diameter of the shaft is 70 mm. Select a suitable

ball bearing for this application.

3. A single row deep groove ball bearing has dynamic load carrying capacity of 50000 N

and operates on the following work cycle:(i) radial load of 4000N at 600 rpm for 25% of

time.(ii) radial load of 10000N at 700 rpm for 50% of time.(iii) radial load of 8000N at

400 rpm for 25% of time. Calculate the expected life of the bearing in Hrs.

4. The following data is given for a 360 hydrodynamic

bearing: Bearing diameter =50.02 mm

Journal diameter = 49.93 mm

Bearing length = 50mm

Radial load =8 kN

Journal speed= 1440 rpm

Viscosity of lubricant = 12 cP

The bearing is machined on the lathe from bronze casting ,while the steel journal is

hardened and ground .The surface roughness (cla) values for turning and grinding are 0.8

and 0.4 microns respectively .For thick film hydrodynamic lubrication , the minimum film

thickness should be five times the sum of surface roughness values for the journal and

bearing .Calculate:

(i) the permissible minimum film thickness

(ii) the actual film thickness under operating conditions (iii) power lost in friction

[Ans: (i) 6 microns (ii) 6.07 microns (iii) .069

kW]

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

5. Design a full hydrodynamic journal bearing with the following specification for

machine tool application: Journal diameter = 75 mm

Radial load = 10 kN

Journal speed= 1440

rpm Minimum film thickness =22.5 microns

Inlet temperature = 40˚ C

Bearing material = Babbitt

Determine the length of the bearing and select suitable oil for this application.

[Ans: (i) 75 mm (ii) SAE 10]

6. The following data is given for a 360 hydrodynamic

bearing: Radial load =2 kN Journal diameter = 50 mm Bearing length = 50 mm Viscosity of lubricant =20 m Pa s

Specify radial clearance that need be provided so that when journal is rotating at 2800

rpm, the minimum film thickness is 30 microns. Evaluate the corresponding coefficient of

friction.

[Ans: (i) 0.05 mm (ii) .01158]

DBIT/BTech/ME//17


ASSIGNMENT SHEET


Course Code:TME-603

Faculty Branch: ME Semester: VI

Unit/Title: Unit III/ IC ENGINE PARTS Date of Conduction:

1. Design a connecting rod for four stroke petrol engine, with the following

data:- Piston Diameter = 0.10 Stroke = 0.14 Length of connecting rod, centre to centre = 0.315 Weight of reciprocating parts = 18.2 Speed = 1500 rev/min with possible over speed of 2500 Compression ratio = 4:1 Probable maximum explosion pressure = 2.45 MPa

2. Design the crank pin and the crank for a side crank shaft for a 0.50 x 0.60m gas

engine, the weight of the flywheel is 84 kN, the explosion pressure is 2.45 MPa. At

maximum torque when the crank angle is 360 the gas pressure is 0.945 MPa, the connecting rod length is 4.75 times crank radius.

3. What are two most usual causes of failure of the crankshaft?

4. What are the materials used for piston pin?

5. How the wear of the piston ring is prevented?

6. Design an Aluminum alloy piston for a single acting four stroke engine for the

following specifications:- Cylinder Bore = 0.30 m Stroke = 0.375 m Maximum gas pressure = 8 MPa Brake mean effective pressure = 1.15 MPa Fuel Consumption = 0.22 kg/Kw/hr Speed = 500 rev/min

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

DBIT DEHRADUN

LESSON PLAN

SEMESTER/YEAR: 4th

/2nd

DEPARTMENT: ME

COURSE: FLUID MACHINERY

S.

No.

Topic Name

Referenc

e/ Text

Book/

Web

(R/T/W)

No. Of

Lectur

es

Delivery

Method

Rem

arks

1. Classification of Fluid Mechanics T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

2. Application of Momentum equation to flow through

hydraulic machinery

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

3. Euler‟s fundamental equation. T1,T2 2 Chalk &

Talk

4. Introduction to hydrodynamic thrust of jet on a

fixed and moving surface (flat & curve),

T1,R1 3 Chalk &

Talk

5. Effect of inclination of jet with the surface T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

6. Classification of turbines, Impulse turbines,

constructional details

T1,T2 2 Chalk &

Talk

7. Velocity triangles of impulse turbine

T1,R1 3 Chalk &

Talk

8. Power and efficiency calculations, governing of

Pelton wheel.

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

9. Fransis and Kaplan turbines, constructional details T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

10. Velocity triangles of reaction turbine T1,R1 3 Chalk &

Talk

11. Power and efficiency, calculations, degree of

reaction

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

12 Draft tube, cavitation in turbines, principles of

similarity

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

13. Unit and specific speed T1,R1 3 Chalk &

Talk

14. performance characteristics, selection of water

turbines ,selection of water turbines

T1,T2 3 Chalk &

Talk

15. Classifications of centrifugal pumps, vector diagram T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

16. Work done by impellor, efficiencies of centrifugal

pumps

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

17. specific speed, model testing, T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

18. cavitation and separation, performance

characteristics

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

19. Reciprocating pump theory, slip and coefficient of

discharges

T2,R1 3 Chalk &

Talk

20. indicator diagram, effect and acceleration, work

saved by fitting air vessels

T2 2 Chalk &

Talk

21. Comparison of centrifugal and reciprocating

pumps, positive rotary pumps, Gear and Vane

pumps, performance characteristics

T2,R1 3 Chalk &

Talk

22. Gear and Vane pumps, performance characteristic 3 2 Chalk &

Talk

23. Hydraulic accumulator, Intensifier T2,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

24. Hydraulic press, Lift and Cranes, T2 1 Chalk &

Talk

25. theory of hydraulic coupling and torque converters T2,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

26. Hydraulic ram, T2 2 Chalk &

Talk

27. Jet pumps T1 1 Chalk &

Talk

28. Airlift pumps T2,R1 1 Chalk &

Talk

29. water distribution systems T1,T2 2 Chalk &

Talk

Total Lectures: 62



TEXT BOOKS:

[T1] R.K. Bansal Fluid Mechanics And Machinery

[T2] Hydraulic Machines by D S Kumar

REFERENCE BOOKS:

[R1] Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines by S C Gupta, Pearson

Approved By


DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q1). Define the term

a). Impacts of jets b). jet propulsion.

Q2). Obtain an expression for the force exerted by a jet of water on a fixed vertical plate in the

direction of the jet.

Q3). Obtain an expression for the force exerted by a jet of water on a Inclined plate in the


Q4). Obtain an expression for the force exerted by a jet of water on a semi circular plate in the

direction of the jet when the jet strikes at the centre of the semi-circular plate is two time the

force exerted by the jet on an fixed vertical plate.

Q5). Prove that the work done per second on a series of moving curved Vanes by as jet of

water striking at one of the tips of the vane is given by Work done /per second = pav [Vw1

+Vw2] *u

DEV BHOOMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DEHRADUN ASSIGNMENT SHEET

Course Name: Fluid Machinery Assignment No. 1

Course Code:TME 604 Faculty :


Unit/Title: 1/ Impact of jet



DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q1). What is cavitations? How it can be avoided in reaction turbine?

Q2). Differentiate between an inward and outward flow reaction turbine.

Q3). A pelton wheel has a mean bucket speed of 10 meters per second with a jet of water

flowing at the rate of 700 lit/sec under a head of 30 m. the bucket deflect the jet through angle

of 160. calculate the power given by water to the runner and the hydraulic efficiency of the

turbine. assume the coefficient of velocity as 0.98.

Q4). The penstock supplies water from a reservoir to the pelton wheel with a gross head of

500m. one third of the gross head is lost in friction in the penstock. the rate of flow of water

through the nozzle fitted at the end of the penstock is 2.0 m^3/sec. the angle of deflection of the

jet is 165. determine the power given by the water to the runner and also hydraulic efficiency of

the pelton wheel. take speed ratio=0.45 and Cv=1.0.

Q5). A 137 mm diameter jet of water issuing from a nozzle impinges on the bucket of a pelton

wheel and the jet is deflected through an angle of 165 by the buckets. the head available at the

nozzle is 400 m. assuming Cv=0.97, speed ratio is 0.46, and reduction in relative velocity

while passing through bucket as 15%, find

1) the force exerted by the jet on bucket6 in tangential direction

2). the power developed.

ASSIGNMENT SHEET




Unit/Title: 1/ Hydraulic Turbines

Date of Issue : Date of Submission :


DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q1). Define a centrifugal pump . explain the working of a single stage centrifugal pump

with sketches.

Q2). Define the term suction head, delivery head, static head and manometer head.

Q3) How will you obtain an expression for the minimum speed for starting a centrifugal

pump?

Q4). What is priming? Why it is necessary.

Q5). Draw and discuss the operating characteristic of a centrifugal pump.

ASSIGNMENT SHEET




Unit/Title: 3/ Centrifugal pump

Date of Issue : Date of Submission :

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q1). Derive an expression for pressure head due to acceleration of the

piston of a reciprocating pump. show the effect of acceleration on the

indicator diagram.

Q2). Following data refer to a reciprocating pump:-

Bore=25 cm, stroke=40 cm, speed= 50rpm, delivery pipe diameter =

10 cm, delivery pipe length= 75 m, f= 0.008 Compute the power saved

in fitting an air vessel on the delivery side of the pump.

Q3). Explains the Comparison between the centrifugal pump and

reciprocating pump.

Q4). Explain the Working of gear pump and jet pump with neat sketches.

Q5). Explain the function, construction and operation of hydraulic press.


ASSIGNMENT SHEET




Unit/Title: 4/ Positive Displacement Pumps


DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q1). Explain the function, construction and operation of hydraulic accumulator.

Q2). Explain the function, construction and operation of Air lift pump.

Q3). Difference between a hydraulic lift and crane. how does these differ in working principle.

Q4). A hydraulic accumulator has a 300 mm diameter ram and 5 m stroke. the ram carries a

load which has a mass of 80 tones. friction accounts for 1.5% of the total pressure on the ram.

Determine the power delivered by the accumulator, if it empties steadily in 2 minutes while

the pump are supplying 15 lit/sec to the accumulator what is the capacity of the accumulator.

Q5). A hydraulic ram installation has the following parameters supply head=4 m ; length of

supply pipe =6m diameter of supply pipe=30 mm; delivery head=18m; length of delivery

pipe= 24 m; diameter of delivery pipe= 20 mm; water lifted =0.08 lit/sec ;water wasted= 0.46

lit/sec. assume f=0.012, determine the D.


ASSIGNMENT SHEET




Unit/Title: 4/ Other Machines


DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q1). Define the term

a). Impacts of jets b). jet propulsion.



Q3). Obtain an expression for the force exerted by a jet of water on a inclined plate in the





Q5). Prove that the work done per second on a series of moving curved vanes by as jet of

water striking at one of the tips of the vane is Work done /per second = pav [Vw1 +Vw2] *u

Q6). Show that the efficie3ncy of a free jet strike normally on a series of flat plates mounted on

t6he periphery of a wheel can never exceed 50%.

Q7). Explain the difference between the turbine, fan and compressor.

Q8). Explain the classification of turbine.


TUTORIAL SHEET

Course Name: Fluid machinery Tutorial Sheet No. 1

Course Code:TME-604

Faculty :


Unit/Title: 1IMPACT OF JET & PELTON TURBINE Date of Discussion:


DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q1). What is cavitations? How it can be avoided in reaction turbine?

Q2). Differentiate between an inward and outward flow reaction turbine.


flowing at the rate 700 lit/sec under a head of 30 m. the bucket deflect the jet through angle of

160. calculate the power given by water to the runner and the hydraulic efficiency of the

turbine. assume the coefficient of velocity as 0.98.



through the nozzle fitted at the end of the penstock is 2.0 m^3/sec. the angle of deflection of

the jet is 165. determine the power given by the water to the runner and also hydraulic

efficiency of the pelton wheel. take speed ratio=0.45 and Cv=1.0.






2). the power developed.

Q6). A reaction turbine works at 450 r.p.m. under a head of 120m. its diameter at inlet is 120

cm and the flow area is 0.4 m^2. the angle made by absolute and relative velocity at inlet6 are

20 and 60 respectively with the tangential velocity. Determine:

a). The volume flow rate

b). the power developed

C). hydraulic efficiency

assume whirl at out let to be zero.

Q7). 223 lt of water per second are supplied to an inward flow reaction turbine. the head

available is 11m . the wheel vanes are radial at inlet and the inlet diameter is twice the outlet

diameter. the velocity of flow is constant and equal to 1.83m/sec. the wheel makes 370 r.p.m.

find:

a). guide vane angle b). inlet and outlet diameter of the wheel

TUTORIAL SHEET


Course Code:TME-604

Faculty :


Unit/Title:2/ Reaction Turbine Date of Discussion:

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

: assume that the discharge is radial and thereby is no loss in the wheel. speed ratio=0.70

Q8). The internal and external diameter of an outward flow reaction turbine is 2 m and 2.75 m

respectively. the turbine is running at 250 r.p.m. and rate of flow of water through the turbine is

5 m^3/sec. the width of the runner is constant at inlet and outlet and is equal to 250mm. the

head on the turbine is 150mm.

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q1). Define a centrifugal pump . explain the working of a single stage centrifugal pump

with sketches.


Q3) How will you obtain an expression for the minimum speed for starting a centrifugal

pump?

Q4). What is priming? Why it is necessary.

Q5). Draw and discuss the operating characteristic of a centrifugal pump.

Q6). A jet of water having diameter of 5cm and velocity 20 m/sec

impinges on

a). A normal flat plate moving in the directions of jet at 7.5 m/sec

b). On a series of normal flat plate mounted on a wheel, which has tangential velocity

of 7.5 m/sec. starting from the first principle, calculate force exerted, work done and

efficiency in both cases.

Q7). what are the function of governing of a hydraulic turbine? Explain governing

mechanism of an impulse turbine.

Q8). A pelton wheel is working under a net head of 450 m with a water flow rate of 0.3

m/sec, r.p.m. 1000, and efficiency of 80%. Find.

a). diameter of jet

b). size of bucket.

c). diameter of wheel

d). power available from the turbine shaft.

e). number of buckets.

Assume the Cv=o.98 and specific speed ratio=0.467


TUTORIAL SHEET


Course Code:TME-604

Faculty :


Unit/Title: 3/ Centrifugal pump Date of Discussion:


DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q1). Derive an expression for pressure head due to acceleration of the piston of a reciprocating

pump. show the effect of acceleration on the indicator diagram.


Bore=25 cm, stroke=40 cm, speed= 50rpm, delivery pipe diameter =

10 cm, delivery pipe length= 75 m, f= 0.008 Compute the power saved

in fitting an air vessel on the delivery side of the pump.

Q3). Explains the Comparison between the centrifugal pump and reciprocating pump.

Q4). Explain the Working of gear pump and jet pump with neat sketches.


Q6). Explain the function, construction and operation of hydraulic ram.

Q7). Difference between fluid coupling and fluid torque converter.

Q8). Explain the function, construction and operation of hydraulic lift.

TUTORIAL SHEET


Course Code:TME-604

Faculty :


Unit/Title: 4/ Positive displacement pump and hydraulic

devices

Date of Discussion:

DBIT/BTech/ME//17


Question Bank

Course Name: Fluid machinery

Course Code: TME-604

Faculty : Branch: ME

SEMESTER/YEAR:

6th

/3rd

UNIT -1

Q1). What do you mean by fluid machinery?

Q2). how the fluid machinery are classified?

Q3). how fluid machinery are different from the rest machinery.

.

Q4) prove that the work done per second on a series of moving curved vanes by as jet of water

of the tips of the vane is given by

Work done /per second = pav [Vw1 +Vw2] *u (uptu 2006-07)


direction of the jet. (uptu 2010)

Q!6). What are the unit quantities? Define the unit quantities for a turbine. Why are they

important?




Q8). define the term

a). Impacts of jets b). jet propulsion

Q9). Show that the efficie3ncy of a free jet strike normally on a series of flat plates mounted on

the periphery of a wheel can never exceed 50%.

Q10). Explain the difference between the turbine, fan and compressor. Q6). Obtain an

expression for the force exerted by a jet of water on a inclined plate in the direction of the jet.

Q11). Explain the classification of turbine.

Q12). what do you mean by gross head, net head and efficiency of turbine?

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q13). Explain the following terms foe pelton wheel: gross head, Net head.( uptu 2002)

Q14). Draw the inlet and outlet velocity triangle for a pelton wheel and indicates the direction

of various velocities.

Q15). Obtain an expression for the work done in reaction turbine.(uptu 2004)

Q16). Define the terms: speed ratio, flow ratio and jet ratio.

Q17). What is a draft tube? Why is it used in a reaction turbine? Describe with sketch two

different types of draft tubes. (uptu 2008-09)

Q18). What are the3 uses of draft tube? Describe with neat sketches of types of draft tubes.

Q19). What are the basis of selection of a turbine at a particular place?

Q20). Define the specific speed of a turbine? (uptu 2009)

Q21). Derive an expression for the specific speed for the specific speed. What is the

significance of specific speed.( Uptu 2009-10)

Q22). Obtain an expression for the force exerted by a jet of water on a inclined plate in the


Q23). What do you understand by characteristic curve of a turbine? Name the different types of

chararacterstic curve.

Q24. Derive Euler's equation applied to fluid mechanics

Q25). Define the term governing of a turbine.

UNIT-2


flowing at the rate of 700 lit/sec under a head of 30 m. the bucket deflect the jet through angle

of 160. calculate the power given by water to the runner and the hydraulic efficiency of the

turbine. assume the coefficient of velocity as 0.98.(uptu 2009)

Q2). Differentiate between an inward and outward flow reaction turbine.(uptu 2008)

Q3). What is cavitations? How it can be avoided in reaction turbine? (uptu 2009-10)

Q4). A reaction turbine works at 450 r.p.m. under a head of 120m. its diameter at inlet is 120

cm and the flow area is 0.4 m^2. the angle made by absolute and relative velocity at inlet6 are

20 and 60 respectively with the tangential velocity. Determine:

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

a). The volume flow rate

b). the power developed

C). hydraulic efficiency

assume whirl at out let to be zero.






2). the power developed.(2004)



through the nozzle fitted at the end of the penstock is 2.0 m^3/sec. the angle of deflection of the

jet is 165. determine the power given by the water to the runner and also hydraulic efficiency of

the pelton wheel. take speed ratio=0.45 and Cv=1.0.

Q7). 223 lt of water per second are supplied to an inward flow reaction turbine. the head

available is 11m . the wheel vanes are radial at inlet and the inlet diameter is twice the outlet

diameter. the velocity of flow is constant and equal to 1.83m/sec. the wheel makes 370 r.p.m.

find:

a). guide vane angle b). inlet and outlet diameter of the wheel

assume thnat6 the discharge is radial and thereby is no loss in the wheel. speed ratio=0.70

Q8). the internal and external diameter of an outward flow reaction turbine are 2 m and 2.75 m

respectively6. the turbine is running at 250 r.p.m. and rate of flow of water through the turbine

is 5 m^3/sec. the width of the runner is constant at inlet and outlet and is equal to 250mm. the

head on the turbine is 150mm.

1) vane angle at the inlet and outlet

2). velocity of flow at inlet and outlet.

Q9). A turbine is operating under a head of 25 m at 200 r.p.m. the discharge is 9 m^3/sec. if the

efficiency is 90% determine:

a). specific speed of the machine

b). power generation

c). type of turbine(uptu 2009-10)

Q10). A water turbine has a velocity of 6m/sec at the entrance to the draft tube and a velocity of

1.2 m/sec at the outlet. for the friction loss of 0.1 m and a tail water 5m below the entrance to

the draft tube , find the pressure head at the entrance.

Q11). A Kaplan turbine runner is to designed to developed 9100 KW. the net available head is

5.6m . if the speed ratio =2.09, flow ratio=o.68, overall efficiency 86% and the diameter of the

boss is 1/3 the diameter of the runner. find the diameter of the runner of the runner its speed and

the specific speed of the turbine.(uptu 2002-03)

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

UNIT-3

Q1). Define a centrifugal pump . explain the working of a single stage centrifugal pump with

sketches. (uptu 2005-06)


Q3) how will you obtain an expression for the minimum speed for starting a centrifugal pump?

Q4). What is priming? Why it is necessary.(uptu 2009)

Q5) discuss the operating characteristic of a centrifugal pump.(uptu 2008-09)

Q6). A jet of water having diameter of 5cm and velocity 20 m/sec impinges on

a). a normal flat plate moving in the directions of jet at 7.5 m/sec and

b). on a series of normal flat plate mounted on a wheel, which has tangential velocity of 7.5

m/sec. starting from the first principle, calculate force exerted, work done and efficiency in both

cases.

Q7). what are the function of governing of a hydraulic turbine? Explain governing mechanism

of an impulse turbine.(uptu 2007)

Q8). A pelton wheel is working under a net head of 450 m with a water flow rate of 0.3 m/sec,

r.p.m. 1000, and efficiency of 80%. Find.

a). diameter of jet

b). size of bucket.

c). diameter of wheel

d). power available from the turbine shaft.

e). number of buckets.

Assume the Cv=o.98 and specific speed ratio=0.467

Q9). Explain degree of reaction as applied to hydraulic turbine.

Q10). Discus performance characteristic of a hydraulic turbine.(2006 -07)

Q11). Velocity at the entrance and exit of a conical draft tube are 6m/sec and 1.3 m/sec

respectively. tail water is 5m below the entrance of draft tube. assume friction loss of 0.1m, find

pressure head at the entrance to the draft tube. the Patm= 10.3 m of water.

Q12). Diameter at the entrance and exit of an inward flow reaction turbine are 1 m and 0.6 m

respectively. the hydraulic efficiency of the turbine is 90% and the head on turbine is 36 m.

discharge at outlet is radial and velocity of flow at outlet is 2.5 m/sec. vane angle at outlet is 15

and width of wheel at inlet is 0.1m determine

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

a). guide blade angle

b). vane angle at inlet

c). speed of turbine

d). flow rate

e). power developed

Q13). A model of centrifugal pump coupled to 5.5 KW motor is found to deliver 15 lit/sec of

water against a head of 28 m at 1450 r.p.m. if the prototype pump is required to develop a head

of 60m, determine its speed, power input and flow capacity. assume a scale of 1:3 between

m0odel and prototype.

Q14). Influence of exit blade angle on the the performance and efficiency of a centrifugal pump,

assuming radial flow at the entrance.

Q15). Functions of a volute casing, and diffuser of a centrifugal pump.(uptu 2006)

UNIT-4

Q1). Derive an expression for pressure head due to acceleration of the piston of a reciprocating

pump. show the effect of acceleration on the indicator diagram.( uptu2004)


Bore=25 cm, stroke=40 cm, speed= 50rpm, delivery pipe diameter = 10 cm, delivery pipe

length= 75 m, f= 0.008

Compute the power saved in fitting an air vessel on the delivery side of the pump.

Q3). ). Functions of a volute casing, and diffuser of a centrifugal pump.(uptu2008-09)

Q4).Explain the Working of gear pump and jet pump with neat sketches.


Q6). Explain the

function, construction and operation of hydraulic ram.

Q7). Difference between fluid coupling and fluid torque converter.

Q8). Explain the function, construction and operation of hydraulic lift.

Q9). Explain the function, construction and operation of hydraulic accumulator.

Q10). Explain the function, construction and operation of Air lift pump.

Q11). Difference between a hydraulic lift and crane. how does these differ in working principle.

Q12). A hydraulic accumulator has a 300 mm diameter ram and 5 m stroke. the ram carries a

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

load which has a mass of 80 tones. friction accounts for 1.5% of the total pressure on the ram.

Determine the power delivered by the accumulator, if it empties steadily in 2 minutes while the

pump are supplying 15 lit/sec to the accumulator what is the capacity of the accumulator.

Q13). A hydraulic ram installation has the following parameters:

supply head=4 m ; length of supply pipe =6m;

diameter of supply pipe=30 mm; delivery head=18m; length of delivery pipe= 24 m;

diameter of delivery pipe= 20 mm; water lifted =0.08 lit/sec;

water wasted= 0.46 lit/sec. assume f=0.012, determine the D.

. Q14). Show that when a jet of water impinges at the centre of vanes mounted on the periphery

of a wheel maximum efficiency is obtained when vane is semicircular in section and velocity of

vane is half that of jet.

Q15). Define and derive the expression for unit speed, unit power and unit discharge as used in

connection with operation hydraulic turbines.

Q16). Show that the specific speed is constant for all similar turbines.

Q17). How is the model testing of centrifugal pump?

UNIT-5

Q1). Derive formula for a). impeller diameter b). Minimum starting speed of a centrifugal

pump.

Q2). What is NPSH of a centrifugal pump? How it is related to cavitations in pumps?(uptu

2007-08)

Q3). What are short coming of an ordinary reciprocating pump? Draw indicator diagram with

and without air vessels and indicate the objectives fulfilled by fitting air vessels.

Q4). Show that work saved in overcoming friction in pipelines by fitting air vessels for a single

acting reciprocating pump is 84.8%.

Q5). What is cavitation? How does its occur in hydraulic turbines and what are its effects?

Q6). State the functions of the casing of a pelton turbine. Why has it no hydraulic function to

perform?

Q7). What should be the qualities of a governor?

Q8). Prove that a draft tube prevents for the loss of head of reaction turbine.(uptu 2003)

Q9). why does it become necessary to install a water turbine below the tailrace level?

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q10). What is specific speed and how does it differ in definition from the other specific

quantities?

Q11). Draw the following characteristic of a Kaplan turbine:

a). Pt vs. N1

b). P1 vs Q1

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

DBIT DEHRADUN

LESSON PLAN

SEMESTER/YEAR: 6th

/3rd

DEPARTMENT: ME

COURSE: Refrigeration And Air Conditioning CODE: TME-605

S.

No.

Topic Name

Referenc

e/ Text

Book/

Web

(R/T/W)

No. Of

Lectur

es

Delivery

Method

Remar

ks

1. Introduction to refrigeration system, Methods of

refrigeration, Carnot refrigeration cycle

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

2. Unit of refrigeration, Refrigeration effect &

C.O.P. Air Refrigeration cycle:

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

3. Open and closed air refrigeration cycles, Reversed

Carnot cycle

T1,T2 2 Chalk &

Talk

4. Bell Coleman or Reversed Joule air refrigeration

cycle

2

5. Aircraft refrigeration system, Classification of

aircraft

refrigeration system. Boot strap refrigeration,

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

6. Regenerative, Reduced ambient, Dry air rated

temperature (DART)

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

7. Single stage system, Analysis of vapour

compression cycle

T1,T2 2 Chalk &

Talk

8. Use of T-S and P-H charts, Effect of change in

suction and discharge pressures on C.O.P,

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

9. Effect of sub cooling of condensate &

superheating of refrigerant vapour on C.O.P of the

cycle,

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

10. Actual vapour compression refrigeration cycle T1,R1 1 Chalk &

Talk

11. Different configuration of multistage system,

Cascade system

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

12. Working Principal of vapour absorption

refrigeration system

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

13. Comparison between absorption & compression

systems, Ammonia Water vapour absorption

T1,R1 1 Chalk &

Talk

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

system

14. Lithium- Bromide water vapour absorption

system

T1,T2 2 Chalk &

Talk

15. Classification & Nomenclature of refrigerants,

Desirable properties of refrigerants

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

16. Introduction to air conditioning, Psychometric

properties and their definitions

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

17. Psychometric chart, Different Psychometric

processes,

T1,R1 4 Chalk &

Talk

18. Thermal analysis of human body Effective

temperature and comfort chart

T1,R1 1 Chalk &

Talk

19. Cooling and heating load calculations T2,R1 4 Chalk &

Talk

20. Infiltration & ventilation T2 2 Chalk &

Talk

21. Sensible heat factor ( SHF ), By pass factor, T2,R1 1 Chalk &

Talk

22. Grand Sensible heat factor ( GSHF), Apparatus

dew point (ADP).

T2 2 Chalk &

Talk

23. refrigeration & air conditioning equipments T2,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

24. compressors, condensers, evaporators T2 2 Chalk &

Talk

25. expansion devices, Air washers, Cooling, towers T2,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

26. Humidifying efficiency, Food preservation, cold

storage, Refrigerates Freezers, Icc plant,

T2 2 Chalk &

Talk

27. Water coolers, Elementary knowledge of

transmission and distribution of air through ducts

and fans

T1 3 Chalk &

Talk

28. Difference between comfort and industrial air

conditioning.

T1 2 Chalk &

Talk

Total Lectures: 58



TEXT BOOKS:

[T1] Er. R.K. Rajput , "Refrigeration & Air Conditioning", S.K. Kataria & Sons

[T2] R.S.Khurmi, "Refrigeration & Air Conditioning" S.Chand Publications

REFERENCE BOOKS:

[R1] P. N. Ananthanarayanan; Basic Refrigeration & Air Conditioning; Tata Mcgraw Hill

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Approved By


Date: __________

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

1. Explain term Refrigerating effect.

2. Define Refrigeration. State types of refrigeration systems. Explain Bell Coleman air

refrigeration cycle.

3. Define refrigeration, State the Name of different types of system used for cooling of

aircraft cabin, Also Explain with schematic diagram Bootstrap air Refrigeration system.

4. An air refrigerator working on Bell Coleman cycle takes in air at 1 bar and at a

temperature of 100C. The air is compressed to 5 bar abs. The same is cooled to 250C in

the cooler before expanding in the expansion cylinder to cold chamber pressure of 1 bar.

The compression and expansion laws followed are pv1.35= C and pv1.3 = C

respectively. Determine C.O.P of the plant and net refrigeration effect per kg of air.

Take Cp= 1.009 kJ/kg K and R = 0.287 kJ/kg K for air.

5. An air refrigeration open system operating between 100 KPa and 1 MPa is

required to produce a cooling effect of 2000 kJ/min. Temperature of the air leaving

the cold chamber is – 5°C and at leaving the cooler is 30°C. Neglect losses and

clearance in the compressor and expander. Determine: (i) Mass of air circulated per

min,(ii) Compressor work, expander work, cycle work , (iii) COP and power in kW

required.


ASSIGNMENT SHEET

Course Name: Refrigeration and Air

Conditioning Assignment No. 1

Course Code:TME-605

Faculty :



DBIT/BTech/ME//17

1. Explain the working of Vapour compression refrigeration system with the help of a

neat sketch. Mention the advantages of vapour compression refrigeration system over

air refrigeration system. Explain effect of sub-cooling.

2. Mention the limitations of Simple vapour compression refrigeration cycle. Briefly

explain the working of Two stage compression with water intercooler and liquid sub-

cooler employed for vapour compression system.

3. Explain compound compression with flash chamber but without intercooler with

system diagram and P-H diagram.

4. Explain multiple evaporators at different temperature with individual expansion valve

with neat sketch and P-H diagram.

5. Explain the different method of improving the COP of simple compression

refrigeration cycle.

6. What are the advantages of multistage compressor?

7. Explain the effect of change of suctions pressure and delivery pressure on

performance of vapour compressor refrigeration using P-H and T-S diagram.


ASSIGNMENT SHEET


Conditioning

Assignment No. 2


Faculty :


Unit/Title: II/ Vapor compression system Date of Issue: Date of Submission:

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

1. Explain with neat sketch working of Electrolux Refrigerator also explain significance of

Hydrogen used in system.

2. Explain working of Li-Br vapour absorption refrigeration system with neat sketch.

3. Briefly explain construction and working of Practical vapour absorption refrigeration

system. Also mention the advantages of this system.

4. Explain the working principle of steam jet refrigeration and derive an expression of ratio

of mass of vapor to mass of steam in terms of nozzle efficiency, compressor efficiency

and entrainment efficiency.

5. Explain Bootstrap aircraft refrigeration system.

6. How actual cycle is different from theoretical cycle of vapour compression refrigeration

cycle.

7. Explain the working principle of Electrolux refrigeration system with neat sketch.

8. Define one tone of refrigeration, COP, COP of heat pump.


ASSIGNMENT SHEET


Conditioning Assignment No. 3


Faculty :


Unit/Title: III/ Vapour absorption refrigeration system Date of Issue: Date of Submission:

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

1. What is Refrigerant? Name some important refrigerants.

2. State the properties of sound refrigerant. Also state desirable properties of ideal

refrigerant.

3. Write brief note on natural refrigerants.

4. What are desirable characteristics of ideal refrigerant? Explain how refrigerants are

designated.

5. Explain in brief Desirable Properties required for a good refrigerant.

6. Explain the factor affecting human comfort.

7. What is effective temperature? What factors affect effective temperature and explain its

significance in design of air-conditioning systems.

8. Explain flywheel effect as applied to cooling load calculation with neat labelled

diagram.

9. Explain the procedure for calculating cooling load due to infiltration air.

10. State and explain various heat loads to be considered for cooling load calculations of a

typical building


ASSIGNMENT SHEET


Conditioning Assignment No. IV


Faculty:


Unit/Title: IV/ Date of Issue: Date of Submission:

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

1. Explain Adiabatic saturation process with neat sketch.

2. Define following term related to psychrometry:

a) Wet bulb temperature

b) Dry bulb temperature

c) Relative humidity

d) Specific humidity

e) Dew point temperature

f) Apparatus dew point temperature

g) Sensible heat factor.

3 Define following terms: Dalton‟s law of partial pressure, degree of saturation, relative

humidity, dew point temperature, By pass-factor.

4 What is the effect of decreasing suction pressure and increasing delivery pressure on

performance of simple vapor compression cycle?

5 Explain the working principle of simple ammonia absorption system and what are its

demerits?

6 Compare absorption refrigeration system with simple vapor compression refrigeration

system.


ASSIGNMENT SHEET


Conditioning Assignment No. V


Faculty :

Branch: CSE Semester: VI

Unit/Title: V/


DBIT/BTech/ME//17

1. Explain with neat sketch various terms used in air distribution.

2. What are different methods used for design of the ducts and explain advantages of

each over other.

3. Write short note on Split air conditioner.

4. Classify air conditioning systems. Explain Central air conditioning system with a neat

sketch.

5. Explain All water air conditioning system with neat diagram.

6. Explain Fan laws. State its significance.

7. Classify Fan used in air-conditioning system. Explain selection of the Fan using fan

characteristic curve.

8. With neat sketch explain construction and working of any one type of humidifier.

9. State important applications of refrigeration system. Explain construction and

working of an Ice plant.


ASSIGNMENT SHEET


Conditioning Assignment No. VI

Course Code:TME-605

Faculty :


Unit/Title: 1/ Refrigeration


DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q 1 An air refrigerator working on Bell coleman cycle takes in air at 1 bar and at a

temperature of 100 C. The air is compressed to 5 bar abs. The same is cooled to 250 C in the

cooler before expanding in the expansion cylinder to cold chamber pressure of 1 bar. The

compression and expansion laws followed are pv1.35 = C and pv1.3 = C respectively.

Determine C.O.P of the plant and net refrigeration effect per kg of air. Take Cp = 1.009 kJ/kg K

and R = 0.287 kJ/kg K for air

Q2 In a 15 TR ammonia refrigeration plant, the condensing temperature is 250 C and

evaporating temperature -100 C. The refrigerant ammonia is sub-cooled by 50 C before passing

through the throttle valve. The vapour leaving the evaporator is 0.97 dry. Find (1) Coefficient of

performance and (2) power required. Use the following properties of ammonia:-

Q3 A dense air refrigeration machine operating on Bell-Coleman cycle works between 3.4

bar and 17 bar. The temperature of air after the cooler is 15oC and after refrigeration is 6 oC, for

a refrigeration capacity of 6 tons calculate 1. Temperature after compression and expansion

2. Air circulation required in cycle per minute

3. Work of compression and expansion


TUTORIAL SHEET

Course Name: : Refrigeration and Air

Conditioning Tutorial Sheet No. 1


Faculty :


Unit/Title: 1/ Date of Discussion:

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

4. Theoretical COP 5. Rate of water

Q4 A R-12 vapour compression system has saturated suction temperature of - 5°C and

saturated discharge temperature of 40°C. The refrigerant vapour is dry-saturated at the suction

of compressor and becomes superheated after compression. For one ton of refrigeration

capacity, Calculate (i) Refrigerating effect (ii) mass flow rate (iii) Power and (iv) COP of the

system.

Q5 A Refrigerator working on Bell-Coleman cycle takes air into the compressor at 1 bar and

– 50 C. It is compressed in compressor to a 5 bar and cooled to 250 C at the same pressure. It is

further expanded in the expander to 1 bar and discharged to take cooling load. The isentropic

efficiency of the compressor = 85% and the isentropic efficiency of the Expander = 90% find

the following: 07 (i) Refrigerating capacity of the system if air circulation is 40kg/min. (ii) KW

capacity of motor required to run the compressor (iii) COP of the system. Take ᵞ =1.4 Cp

=1kJ/kg Cv = 0.7 kJ/kg for air

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q1 An air refrigerator working on Bell coleman cycle takes in air at 1 bar and at a temperature

of 100 C. The air is compressed to 5 bar abs. The same is cooled to 250 C in the cooler before

expanding in the expansion cylinder to cold chamber pressure of 1 bar. The compression and

expansion laws followed are pv1.35 = C and pv1.3 = C respectively. Determine C.O.P of the

plant and net refrigeration effect per kg of air. Take Cp = 1.009 kJ/kg K and R = 0.287 kJ/kg K

for air

Q2 An air refrigeration open system operating between 100 KPa and 1 MPa is required to

produce a cooling effect of 2000 kJ/min. Temperature of the air leaving the cold chamber is –

5°C and at leaving the cooler is 30°C. Neglect losses and clearance in the compressor and

expander. Determine : (i) Mass of air circulated per min, (ii) Compressor work, expander work,

cycle work , (iii) COP and power in kW required.

Q3 : A 5 tonne R-12 refrigeration plant has saturated suction temperature of -5°C. The

condensation takes place at 32°C and there is no undercooling of refrigerant liquid. Assuming

isentropic compression, find (i) COP of the plant, (ii) Mass flow rate of refrigerant (iii) Power

required to run the compressor in KW.

Q4: A refrigerating machine using R-12 as refrigerant operates between the pressures 2.5 bar

and 9.0 bar. The compression is isentropic and there is not under cooling in the condenser. The

vapour is dry and saturated condition at the beginning of the compression. Estimate the

theoretical COP. If the actual COP is 0.65 of theoretical COP, calculate the net cooling

produced per hour. The refrigerant flow is 5 Kg/min.

Q5 A reversible engine has ideal thermal efficiency of 30%. When it is used as a

refrigerating machine with all other conditions unchanged, what will be the coefficient of

performance?


TUTORIAL SHEET




Faculty :


Unit/Title: II/ Date of Discussion:

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q6 A steam jet refrigeration system is to supply 1200 kg per minute of chilled water at

6.50C. The makeup water from the mains is at 270C. If the steam supply is available at 9.5 bar

and 2000C and nozzle, entrainment and diffuser efficiency can be assumed as 89%, 63% and

72% respectively, the quality of vapour entering the ejector may be assumed 0.98, and

condensate leaves the condenser at 330C.

Determine: i) Steam consumption in kg/hour and kg/hr per ton of refrigeration

ii) Heat rejected in the condenser in kJ/hr and kJ/hr per ton of refrigeration

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q1: In absorption refrigeration system, heating, cooling, and refrigeration take place at the

temperatures of 1500C, 300C, and -200C. Find the theoretical COP of the system. If the heating

temperature is increased to 2000C and refrigeration temperature is decreased to -400C, find the

percentage change in the theoretical COP.

Q2: In a vapour absorption refrigeration system, the refrigeration temperature is - 150C. The

generator is operated by solar heat where the temperature reached is 1000C. The temperature of

the heat sink is 550C. What is the maximum possible COP of the system?

Q3: In simple air refrigeration system the regenerative cooling reduces the temperature of air

from the heat exchanger by 200 C before it expands through the cooling turbine. The air leaves

the cabin at 270 C and the ram air temperature is 150 C. Obtain the amount of air bled from the

refrigeration and COP. If 0.5 Kg/s of air from the main compressor is used for the air

conditioning. Calculate the power requirement and tonnage of the system. Take Pamb= 0.8 bar,

Pram= 1 bar, efficiency of compressor = 0.8, efficiency of turbine = 0.8, heat exchanger

effectiveness is 0.75. The cool air leaves the regenerative heat exchanger at 270 C.

Q4: in an absorption type refrigeration system, the heat supplied to NH3 generator by

condensing steam at 2 bar and 0.9 dry. The temperature to be maintained in the refrigerator is -5

0C. The temperature of the atmosphere is 300C. Find the maximum COP possible for the

system. If the refrigeration load is 20 tons and actual COP is 70% of max COP, Find the mass

of steam required per hour.


TUTORIAL SHEET




Faculty :


Unit/Title: III/ Date of Discussion:

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q1: The sling- psychrometer reads 35°C DBT and 25°C WBT calculate followings: (i) Specific

humidity (ii) Relative humidity (iii) Absolute humidity in air (iv) Dew point temperature (v)

Enthalpy of the mixture per kg of dry air. Assume atmospheric pressure to be 1.01 bar

Q2: 40 m3 of air at 35°C DBT and 50% R.H. is cooled to 25°C DBT maintaining its specific

humidity constant.

Determine: (i) Relative humidity (R.H.) of cooled air ; (ii) Heat removed from air.

Q3: The sling- psychrometer reads 400 C DBT and 280 C WBT calculate followings: (i)

Specific humidity (ii) Relative humidity (iii) Vapor density in air (iv) Dew point temperature (v)

Enthalpy of the mixture per kg of dry air. Assume atmospheric pressure to be 1.03 bar.

Q4: Following data is available for an air conditioning system comprising of filter, cooling coil,

fan and distribution system using only fresh air for the purpose of maintaining comfort

conditions in summer. RSH = 11.63 KW, RLH = 2.33 KW. Outside design condition: 28°C

DBT, 20°C WBT. Inside design condition: 21°C DBT, 50% RH. Temperature of air entering

the room = 11°C. Calculate (i) RSHF (ii) Coil bypass factor (iii) rate of flow of air kg/hr. (iv)

Load on cooling coil (v) Coil ADP

Q5: The atmospheric air at 300 C dry bulb temperature and 75 % relative humidity enters a

cooling coil at the rate of 200 m3 /min. The coil dew point temperature is 140 C and the by-pass

factor of the coil is 0.1.

Determine: 1). The temperature of air leaving the cooling coil; 2). The capacity of the cooling

coil in tonnes of refrigeration 3). The sensible heat factor for the process.


TUTORIAL SHEET




Faculty :


Unit/Title: IV/ Date of Discussion:

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q1: Air flowing at the rate of 100 m3 /min at 400C DBT and 50% RH is mixed with another

stream flowing at the rate 20 m3 /min at 260C DBT and 50%RH. The mixture flows over a

cooling coil whose ADP temperature is 100C and by-pass factor is 0.2. Find DBT and RH of air

leaving the coil. If this air supplied to an air-conditioned where DBT of 260C and RH of 50%

are maintained, estimate (i) Room sensible heat factor and (ii) Cooling load capacity of the coil

in tones of refrigeration.

Q2: Air flowing at the rate of 100 m3 /min at 400C DBT and 50% RH is mixed with another

stream flowing at the rate 20 m3 /min at 260C DBT and 50%RH. The mixture flows over a

cooling coil whose ADP temperature is 100C and by-pass factor is 0.2. Find DBT and RH of air

leaving the coil. If this air supplied to an air-conditioned where DBT of 260C and RH of 50%

are maintained, estimate (i) Room sensible heat factor and (ii) Cooling load capacity of the coil

in tones of refrigeration.

Q3: In simple air refrigeration system the regenerative cooling reduces the temperature of air

from the heat exchanger by 200 C before it expands through the cooling turbine. The air leaves

the cabin at 270 C and the ram air temperature is 150 C. Obtain the amount of air bled from the

refrigeration and COP. If 0.5 Kg/s of air from the main compressor is used for the air

conditioning. Calculate the power requirement and tonnage of the system. Take Pamb= 0.8 bar,

Pram= 1 bar, efficiency of compressor = 0.8, efficiency of turbine = 0.8, heat exchanger

effectiveness is 0.75. The cool air leaves the regenerative heat exchanger at 270 C

Q4: An ammonia ice plant operates between a condenser temperature of 300C and an

evaporator temperature of -200C. It produces 10 tons of ice per day from water at 250C to ice at

-100C. Assuming simple saturation cycle, determine i) the capacity of refrigerating plant ii)

mass flow rate of refrigerant and iii) COP of the cycle.

Q5: A refrigerating machine of 6 tons capacity working on Bell-Coleman cycle has an upper

limit of pressure 5.2 bar. The pressure and temperature at the start of compression are 1.0 bar

and 289 K respectively. The compressed air cooled at constant pressure to a temperature of 314

K enters the expansion cylinder. Assuming both expansion and compression processes to be

adiabatic with γ = 1.4, calculate i) C.O.P, ii) Quantity of air in circulation per minute, iii) Piston


TUTORIAL SHEET




Faculty :


Unit/Title: V/ Date of Discussion:

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

displacement of compressor and expander, iv) Bore of compressor and expansion cylinder The

unit runs at 240 rpm and is double acting. Stroke length is 200mm and v) Power required to

drive the unit. For air γ = 1.4 and Cp = 1.003 kJ/kg-K.

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q1: It is required to design an air conditioning Plant, for a small office for following winter

conditions; Outlet conditions: 12oC DBT, 10oC WBT: Required conditions: 20oC DBT and

60% RH: Amount of air circulation –0.30 m3 /min/person. Seating capacity of office-60: The

required condition is achieved first by heating and then by adiabatic humidifying. Determine- i)

Heating capacity of the coil, ii) Surface temperature required for coil if BPF is 0.4 and iii)

Capacity of the humidifier

Q2: Ice is formed at 273 K from water at 293 K. The temperature of the brine is 265 K. Find

out the kg of ice formed per kWh. Assume the refrigeration cycle is perfect reversed Carnot

cycle. Take latent heat of ice is 335 k J/kg.

Q3: A refrigeration system operates on the reversed Carnot cycle. The temperature of the

refrigerant in the system is 308 K and lower temperature is 258 K. The capacity is to be 12 tons.

Neglect all losses. Determine: i) C.O.P, ii) Heat rejected from the system per hour and iii)

Power required

Q4: In a Bell-Coleman cycle working between pressures of 1 and 6 bar., and temperatures at the

beginning of compression and expansion of 8oC and 35oC, air flow rate is 30 kg/ min. If the

compression and expansion indices in the polytropic process are 1.3 and 1.35 respectively.

Determine i) COP, ii) tonnage of the plant, iii) determine the heat transfer rates per kg of air

during each process.

.

Q5: The cold storage plant is required to store 20 tonnes of fish. The temperature of the fish

when supplied is 298 K. Storage temperature of fish required is 265 K. Specific heat of fish

above freezing point is 2.93 kJ/kg-oC. The specific heat of fish below freezing point is 1.25

kJ/kg-oC. Freezing point of fish is 270 K. Latent heat of fish is 232 k J/kg. If the cooling is

achieved within 8 hours, determine: i) capacity of the refrigerating plant, ii) Carnot cycle C.O.P

between this temperature range and iii) If the actual C.O.P is one third of the Carnot C.O.P, find

out the power required to run the plant.


TUTORIAL SHEET




Faculty :


Unit/Title: V/ Date of Discussion:

DBIT/BTech/ME//17


Question Bank

Course Name: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning



SEMESTER/YEAR:

6th

/3rd

UNIT-1

1. What do you understand by refrigeration ? Define the terms, ‘Unit of refrigeration’, ‘Refrigerating

effect’ and ‘C.O.P.’ Enumerate various refrigeration systems.

2. What is the main characteristic feature of an air refrigeration system? With the help of a neat

labeled sketch, describe an air refrigeration system working on Bell-Coleman Refrigeration cycle, in

brief, deriving an expression for its C.O.P.

3. An air refrigeration system operating on Bell-Coleman cycle draws air from a cold chamber at a

pressure of 1 bar and temperature of 100 C. It is them compressed in the compressor up to a

pressure of 5 bar and after being cooled at constant pressure up to a temperature of 400 C, it enters

the expander. Assuming both compression and expansion processes to be isentropic, calculate the

C.O.P. of the system. Take Cp.air = 1.005 kJ/kg-K and γ = 1.4

4. Discuss the various classifications of ‘Air craft refrigeration system’ and describe, in brief-a simple

aircraft refrigeration system.

5. Explain in brief, the concept of actual power for refrigeration in aircraft refrigeration system. What

do you understand by dry air rated temperature (DART)?

6. How are refrigerants classified? What are the desirable properties ? Name some common

refrigerants generally used in refrigeration system.

7. What is meant COP of refrigerating machine? Also define the terms, ‘Refrigerating effect’ and Unit or

refrigeration.

8. 30 tons of ‘Fish’ are required to be stored in a cold storage plant at a temperature of - 100C. The

temperature of the fish when supplied is 300C. The specific heat of the fish above freezing point is

2.94 kj/kg-0C. the freezing point is 1.25kj / kg-0C. the freezing point of the fish is – 30C and its latent

heat is 233 kJ / kg. If the cooling is achieved in 10 hours, calculate the capacity of the refrigerating

plant and the Carnot cycle COP between this temperature range.

9. What are the limitations of car not refrigeration cycle and how these limitations are overcome in Bell-

Coleman air refrigeration cycle. Describe in brief, with the help of T-S diagram.

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

10. In a closed air refrigeration system, air is drawn from cold chamber at – 50C and 1 bar and

compressed to 6 bar. The air is cooled to 200C and then expanded to 1 bar. To roduce 10TR, find

the mass flow rate of air, COP and power required to run the compressor.

11. Why air refrigeration system is most common in the aircrafts in spite of low COP of the cycle ? Also

discuss the necessity of air conditioning of aircrafts at high altitudes where ambient temperatures

are very low.

12. What is the purpose of refrigeration and which are the different systems commonly used in

refrigeration? How will you define C.O.P. of a refrigeration cycle and what is its value for a

refrigerator on a Carnot refrigeration cycle in terms of lower and higher temperatures?

13. A refrigerating system operating on Carnot refrigeration cycle, is having higher and Lower

temperatures of 300C and -100C respectively. If the capacity of the system is 10 tons, calculate the

C.O.P. the power required by the system in kW and the total amount of heat rejected by the system.

14. With the help of P-V and T-S diagrams, describe the basic differences between a reversed Carnot

cycle and a reversed Brayton cycle as used for air-refrigeration system.

15. Enlist various types of air-refrigeration systems being employed for aircraft refrigeration. And briefly

describe any one of them with the help of a neat labeled sketch.

16. In a simple aircraft refrigeration system, air is compressed from a temperature 270 C and pressure of

1.2 bar to a pressure of 6 bar. The total load of the passengers of the aircraft is 30 KW, the load of

control equipments is 5 kW, and miscellaneous load is 3 kW. The exit pressure of the cooling turbine

is equal to the cabin pressure of 1 atm. The compressor and turbine efficiencies are 80% and 75%

respectively. The rise in the temperature of the cool air in the cabin is 600C

Assuming Cpari = 1.005 kj / kg-K, determine: i) The refrigeration capacity,

ii) The mass of air – flow required,

iii) The power required for refrigeration

The C.O.P. of the system 17. What is the importance of Refrigeration in today’s life? Enumerate different methods of producing

refrigeration and also enlist different refrigeration systems commonly used in refrigeration. What do you understand by COP of a refrigeration cycle?

18. An inventor claims to have developed a refrigerating unit which maintains the temperature of a refrigerated space at – 100C, while operating in a room whose temperature is 300C, and has a COP of 7.5 Justify whether his claim is ‘True’ or ‘False’.

19. Justify draw labeled sketch of a simple aircraft refrigeration cycle. A simple air-craft refrigeration system works between the operating pressure limits of 1 atm and 5 bar respectively. The temperature at the suction of the compression process is 300C and compressed air is cooled n the heat exchanger upto 400C before expanding through the cooling turbine. The

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

pressure drop in the heat exchanger is 0.2 bar. The cooling turbine exist pressure is 1.1 bar, and the capacity of the system is 20 tons. The compressor and turbine efficiencies are 0.83 and 0.8 respectively. Calculate:

i) Air flow rate,

ii) Compressor power,

iii) Power required for blower, and

iv) COP of the system.

Take γ = 1.4 and 1.4 Cp for air = 1.004 kJ / kg – K 20. Explain the difference between Reversed Carnot cycle and Reversed Brayton cycle. Explain with

the help of neat sketch and T-s diagrams. 21. Describe all the processes (on a T-s and P-h diagram) which constitute a simple Carnot

refrigeration system. What are the limitations of this cycle and how is the cycle modified to get a vapour compression cycle?

22. What do you understand by Dry Air Rated Temperature ( DART)? What are the limitations of Carnot Cycle with a gas as the working fluid? What are the advantages of an air cycle with regards to its application in aircraft refrigeration ?

23. Describe the operation of a Bootstrap air-cycle system for aircraft applications with the help of its block diagram and a Temperature – Entropy diagram.

24. In the air cooling of a jet aircraft, air is bled from the engine compressor at 3 bar, and is cooled in a heat exchanger to 1050C. It is expanded to 0.69 bar in an air turbine, the isentropic efficiency of the process being 850, the air is then delivered to the cockpit and leaves the aircraft at 270C. calculate the temperature a which the air enters cockpit and the mass flow of air required for a refrigerating effect of 4 kW. If the air turbine is used to help to drive the auxiliaries, calculate its contribution in power

UNIT-2

25. Describe a simple vapour= compression refrigeration system with the help of P-H diagram and show how you can make the thermal analysis of the cycle. Also show the effect of the following parameters on the performance of the system, explaining which of them are used to improve the C.O.P. of the cycle:

i) Superheating of the refrigeratant vapour,

ii) Subcooling of the condensate.

26. A10 ton refrigeration system, employing a simple vapour compression cycle and using R-12 as

refrigerant, is working between condenser and evaporator temperatures of 400C and -100C the

liquid refrigerant vapour is superheated by 50 C before entering the compressor and the liquid

refrigerant after the condenser (condensate ) is subcooled by 50C. Assuming isentropic

compression and using P-H chart for R-12, calculate:

i) The mass flow rate of the refrigerant,

ii) The power refrigerant,

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

iii) The C.O.P. of the cycle.

27. What is the purpose of multistage compression system and what are its advantages over a

single stage vapour compression system? Draw a schematic diagram for a two stage vapour

compression system giving isentropic compression, with a single evaporator and liquid intercooler

and write the expression for its C.O.P. Also show the cycle on P.H. Diagram.

28. A simple vapour compression refrigeration system, using R – 22 as refrigerant is working between

evaporator and condenser temperatures of – 300C and 400C respectively. The liquid refrigerant

after the condenser, is subcooled upto 300C before it enters the expansion valve, and the

refrigerant vapour is superheated up to – 200C before entering the compressor. The capacity of the

system is 30 tons and the compression is isentropic.

29. Draw the above cycle on P-H chart of R-22 and determine:

i) The refrigerating effect (in kj/kg)

ii) The mass of refrigerant to be circulated per min.,

iii) The power required in the compressor (in kW),

iv) The heat removed through condenser,

v) The C.O.P. of the cycle.

30. Show the actual vapour compression cycle on P-H and T-S diagrams, and explain, in bried, the

effects of variation of different parameters and also the important points of deviations, from a simple vapour compression refrigeration system.

31. What are the advantages of compound or multistage compression system over a single-stage compression system? Explain in brief, a two-stage compression system with flash intercooler.

32. Draw a single stage simple vapour compression refrigeration cycle on Temperature –Entropy and Pressure-Enthalpy diagrams and show how its COP of the cycle? Also draw the actual vapour compression refrigeration cycle on P-H diagram showing important deviations from the theoretical cycle.

33. What is the effect of change of evaporator pressure and condenser pressure on the performance of simple vapour compression refrigeration system? A Feron 12 (R-12) simple vapour compression refrigeration system operating between condenser temperature of 400C and evaporator temperature of -50C, develops 20 tons of refrigeration. The refrigerant vapour is super heated to 00C before entering the compressor and the liquid refrigerant after the condenser (i.e. condensate) is subcooled to 300C. Assuming isentropic compression, draw the cycle on P-H chart of R-12 and determine:

i) the mass flow rate of the refrigerant

ii) the power required by the compressor

iii) the theoretical piston displacement of the compressor

iv) the heat rejected in the condenser

v) COP of the vapour compression refrigeration cycle.

34. A two stage vapour compression refrigeration system working on R-12 refrigerant is operating between pressure limits of 0.1 and 1.0 mPa. The refrigerant leaves the condenser as saturated

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

liquid and is first throttled to a flash chamber operating at . 032mPa. Vapour from the flash chamber is mixed to the refrigerant leaving the LP compressor. The mixture is then compressed to condenser pressure by HP compressor. The liquid in the flash chanber is throttled to the evaporator. Assuming refrigerant leaves the evaporator as a saturated vapour and both compression being isentropic, calculate:

i) Mass fraction of vapour leaving the flash chamber.

ii) Refrigeration effect per kg of refrigerant.

iii) COP of the system.

Q34). Enumerate the advantages of Vapour compression refrigeration system over Air Refrigeration system. Describe a simple vapour compression refrigeration ststem and show how you can calculate its COP with the help of P-H diagram. Also explain the effects of subcooling of condensate , superheating of refrigerant vapour and change in suction and discharge pressures. On the COP of the cycle.

Q35.) A 20 Ton, R-22 simple refrigeratin system operates between evaporator and condenser temperatureds of – 200C and 300C respectively. Assuming the compression to be isentropic, and using P-H chart for R-22, calculate: i) the mass of refrigerant to be circulated, ii) the theoretical piston displacement of the compressor, iii) the heat rejected of the condenser, and iv) the COP of the cycle. If the refrigerant vapour is superheated upto – 100C before entering the compressor and the condensate after the condense is subcooled upto 250C, calculate the %age increase in the COP taking other data as same.

Q36). What are the advantages of compound compression with intercooler over a single stage compression? Describe with the help of schematic and P-H diagrams, the working of a two stage compression system with water intercooler, liquid intercooler and a liquid flash chamber.

UNIT 3

Q-37) Draw a neat labeled sketch of a practical vapour absorption refrigeration cycle and

explain its working, in brief. Also compare the relative merits and fields of applications of vapour absorption and vapour compression on systems.

Q 38) Derive an expression for the C.O.P. of an ideal vapour absorption refrigeration system in terms of the generator, evaporator, condenser and absorber temperatures. In a simle ideal vapour absorption refrigeration system, following data are taken :- Generator temperature = 1300C Condenser / absorber temperature = 400C Evaporator temperature = - 100C Calculate the maximum C.O.P.

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

If the actual C.O.P. is 70% of the maximum C.O.P. , determine the quantity of dry saturated steam supplied to the generator at 1400C for 50 ton capacity system, if the condensate leaves the generator at 1200C. Q39). Explain the concept of adiabatic mixing of two streams, as related to vapour absorption

refrigeration system. Discuss the significance of ‘Temperature-concentration’ and ‘Enthalpy- concentration’ diagrams.

Q-40) What is the importance of refrigerants in a refrigeration system, and what is the basic difference between Primary and Secondary refrigerants? Enumerate the desired properties of refrigerants. Q-41) Mention the advantages of ‘Vapour compression refrigeration system’ over ‘air – refrigeration

system’. And explain the working of a simple vapour compression Refrigeration cycle with the help of ( T-S) and (P-H) diagrams, showing how C.O.P. of the cycle can be calculated.

Q42).What is the effect of subcooling of condensate and superheating of the refrigerant vapour, on the performance of the cycle?

Q43)Explain in brief, as to how the basic function of the compressor in vapour compression refrigeration cycle is achieved in a vapour absorption refrigeration system, and by which components. Also describe the working principle of a ‘continuous vapour absorption system’, with the help of a neat sketch. Q44)State the relative merits and demerits of vapour absorption and vapour compression refrigeration system. Q45)In a vapour absorption refrigeration system, the generator temperature 1000C evapor at of temperature is – 100C and condenser / absorber temperature is 350C. Calculate the maximum possible C.O.P. of the system. Also calculate the variation in C.O.P. of the system, if the generator temperature is increased to 1250C, the absorber/ condenser temperature is increased to 400c and the evaporator temperature is reduced to – 150C Q46)With the help of a neat labeled sketch, describe the working principle of a lithium bromide-water absorption refrigeration system in brief, and also compare it with Ammonia-watervapour absorption refrigeration system.

Q47)Explain in brief, the working principle of a continuous vapour absorption refrigeration cycle. Determine the COP of a vapour absorption system working with the following operating temperature:

Generator temperature = 900C Absorber temperature = 350C Evaporator temperature = -120C If the evaporator temperature falls to – 200C, what should be the new generator temperature to operate the system with the same COP. Q48) Enumerate the basic difference between vapour absorption and vapour compression refrigeration system, enlisting the merits and demerits of vapour absorption system over vapour compression system.

Q-49)What are the principal factors which make the actual vapour compression cycles deviate

from ideal cycle? With the help of a P-h diagrams, explain the effect of the following parameters on the performance of a vapour compression refrigerant cycle:

i) Evaporator pressure ii) Condenser pressure

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iii) Suction vapour superheat iv) Liquid subcooling. Q50). The pressure in the evaporator of an ammonia refrigerator is 1.9902 bar the pressure in the condenser is 12.37 bar. Calculate the refrigeration effect per unit mass of the refrigerant and the COP ref for the following cycles: i) the ideal reversed Carnot cycle, ii) dry saturated vapour delivered to the condenser after isentropic compression, and no undercooling of the condensed liquid. Given: For ammonia at 1.902 bar, Tsat = -200C Sg = 5.623 kJ / kg k, hg = 1420.0 kJ / kg Sf = 0.363 kJ / kg K<hf = 89.9 kJ / kg At 12.37 bar, Tsat = 320C Sg = 4.962 kj / kg K, hg = 1469.89 kJ / kg Sf = 1.235 kJ / kg K, hf = 223.8 kJ / kg. Q 51). Draw a heat and labeled schematic of a typical vapour absorption refrigeration system.

Draw and explain an equivalent ststem with a combination of a reversible heat engine and reversible refrigerator, thereby heat engine and reversible refrigerator, thereby determine the maximum COP of a vapour absorption refrigeration system, the refrigeration temperature is – 150C. The generator is operated by solar heat where the temperature reached is 1100C. the temperature of the heat sink is 550C. What is the maximum possible COP of the system?

UNIT-IV

Q52. What do you understand by air conditioning ? Define the terms, dew point temperature and degree of saturation. Atmospheric air at a pressure of 1.0132 bar, has a dry bulb temperature of 300C and relative humidity of 70%. Using Steam Tables only, calculate:

i) Partial pressure of water vapour and air in moist air,

ii) The specific humidity,

iii) The degree of saturation, and

iv) The dew point temperature.

Q53. What is the basic difference between the requirements for comfort and industrial air conditioning? With the help of a neat sketch, explain the imp9ortance of ‘Psychrometric chart’ air conditioning and show how these processes are drawn on the psychrometric chart. Q54. What is the basic difference between the cooling load and heating load calculations for summer and winter seasons respectively? Describe, in brief, the different components of the ‘cooling load’ being considered for an air conditioning system design in calculating the total capacity of the plant. What is the basic function of a cooling tower? Q55). Explain the importance of expansion devices in refrigeration system. What are the different types of expansion devices generally used in a refrigeration system? What are the advantages of a capillary tube over the other expansion devices in a refrigeration system?

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Q56). What is the importance of ducts in an air conditioning system and what are the different methods generally used for designing of ducts ? What do you understand by passive heating or cooling of buildings? What effect does infiltration air have on cooling loads? Q57) What is the function of cold storages and what is their importance in today’s life? What do you understand by ‘Short term’ storages? What factors are considered in the design of a cold storage? Q58) What is the design procedure of an ‘Ice plant’ ? With the help of a neat sketch, describe the working of an ‘Ice plant’, in brief.

Q59). What do you understand by Psychrometrics ? Define the terms-Dry bulb temperature wet bulb temperature, dew point temperature, specific humidity, relative humidity and degree of saturation , as related to psychrometrics. In a laboratory test on a particular Day, a psychrometer recarded the dry bulb and wet temperatures for atmospheric air as 350C and 250C respectively. The atmospheric pressure is 1.013 bar. Using STEAM TABLE only ( psychrometric chart not allowed ), calculate:

i) the relative humidity,

ii) the specific humidity

iii) the dew point temperature,

iv) the degree of saturation

the partial pressure of water vapour (py) can be calculated with the help of Carrier’s Equation, given as : (P-Pwb )(tdb – twb ) Pv = [Pwb - --------------------------------- ] 1547 – 1.44 t wb Where: Pwb = Saturation pressure corresponding to wet bulb temperature, P = Barometric pressure, and T db and twb are the dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures of air(in 00C). Gas constant of air, Ra = 0.287 kj/kg kg = K.

Q60). With the help of a neat sketch, explain the importance of a ‘Psychrometric Chart’ in solving the problems of air-conditioning. Draw the following processes on psychrometric chart and describe them in brief:- i) Sensible heating and cooling ii) Latent heating and cooling, i.e.humidification and dehumidification iii) Heating and humidification iv) Cooling and dehumidification Q61). What do you understand by comfort air-conditioning and how does it differ from industrial air – conditioning in terms of basic requirements for each of them? Explain , in brief, the ‘concept of comfort chart’. Q62). What do you understand by terms, cooling and heating loads? Discuss, in brief, the different components which have to be taken into consideration for estimation for estimation of total cooling load for summer air-conditioning.

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q63). Enumerate the functions of expansion devices in a vapour-refrigeration system and explain the working principle of a thermostatic expansion valve, with the help of a neat sketch in brief. Q64) Why are ‘Ducts’ used in an air-conditioning system and how do they help in proper air distribution? Describe, in brief, the concept of air-flow through ducts, explaining the different factors, which lead to pressure drop in ducts. Q65) What do you understand by food preservation and shat are its advantages? Explain, in brief, as how refrigerators and freezers are used for food preservation. Q66) What effect does infiltration or ventilation air have on cooling loads? Enumerate few empirical methods being used to evaluate heat transfer through walls and roofs of the buildings, in brief. Q67) Explain the application of refrigeration for food preservation in ‘Cold storages’ discussing the various factors to be kept in mind while storing food products in cold storages. What do you understand by long-term and short-term storages? Q68) Explain in brief, how thermal analysis of a human body is being done for providing comfort according to body requirements in air-conditioning systems. Q70) What is the basic function of refrigerants in a refrigeration cycle and how they are classified? Write some desirable properties of refrigerants enumerating the names of some common refrigerants.

Q71) A stream of 15 kg/s of aqua-ammonia [C1 = 0.8] at 00C and 5 bar mixes idiabetically with another saturated liquid stream with the flow rate 10 kg/s and 1000C at the same pressure. Establish the state points on h-c diagram and obtain:

(a) Mixture concentration

(b) Mixture enthalpy and

(c) Amount of liquid and vapour after mixing.

Q72) Explain the concept of theory of mixtures as related to vapour absorption system. Also give the significance of temperature-Concentration diagram explaining its importance in analysis of vapour absorption refrigeration sysem. Q73) What is the basic difference between refrigeration and air conditioning? What is psychrometrics? How do you define the terms: Dew point Temperature, Specific humidity, Relative humidity and Degree of saturation, as related to psychrometrics. Q74) Air at 200C, 40% RH is mixed adiabatically with air at 400C and 40% RH in the ratio of 1 kg of former to 2kg of latter (dry basis). Find the final condition of air. Q-75) What do you understand by Adiabatic saturation and Thermodynamic Wet Bulb temperature? In an adiabatic saturator, moist air enters at a temperature of 320C and leaves at 220C which is also adiabatic saturation temperature. If the pressure remains constant at 1 bar, determine the Specific humidity and Relative humidity of the inlet mixture. Take Cp for air as 1.005 kJ/kg.OC. Q76) What is the basic difference between the requirements for comfort and industrial air conditioning processes. Q77) What is a cooling tower? Describe in brief, with the help of a neat sketch. Q78) A circular duct of 40 cm diameter is selected to carry air in an air-conditioned space at a velocity of 440 m/min. if this duct is to be replaced by a rectangular duct of aspect ratio 1.25, find the size of rectangular duct for equal friction method when:

i) Velocity of air in two ducts is same

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ii) Discharge rate of air in two ducts is same

Q79) Which are the different types of expansion devices generally used in a refrigeration system? Describe any one of them, in brief. Q80) What are the advantages of ‘Food Preservation’? Explain in brief, how refrigerator and freezers are used for food preservation. Q81) Describe a cold storage, in brief. What factors are considered in the design of a cold storage? Q82) Explain infiltration. A room of size 12mx 4m high is maintained at DBIT = 280C and RH = 70%. The ambient air is at DBT = 410C and RH = 60%. The infiltration amounts to the air charges per hour. Determine the infiltration load. Q83) What is the usual temperature of Ice formation? What would quickly . If you want to increase the rate of ice formation from the same ice plant, how can it be done? How does this ice differ from ‘Dry Ice’? Q84) Use of Steam Tables, Refrigeration Table and Charts (for different refrigerants ) and Psychorometric Chart for Air and enthalpy composition diagram, for NH3 – Water and Lithium Bromide- Water, is permitted. Q85). What are the desirable properties of refrigerants? Differentiate between primary and secondary refrigerants and enumerate the important factors considered in the selection of refrigerants for refrigeration system. Q86) Explain the working principle of a continuous vapour-absorption system. Which components of vapour-absorption system replace the compressor of a vapour compression system? Draw a neat sketch of a practical absorption system cycle and make a comparative list between vapour-absorption and vapour-compression system giving their relative merits and demerits. Q87) Explain the concept of ‘Theory of mixtures’ as related with Vapour Absorption Refrigeration system. Also give the importance of Temperature-concentratin and Enthalpy-concentration diagrams. Derive an expression for calculation of maximum. Possible COP of a vapour absorption system, in terms of TG, TE,TA and TC ( which denote the temperatures of Generator. Evaporator, Absorber and Condenser respectively.) Q88) Draw a neat labeled sketch of a Lithium bromide-water absorption refrigeration system and explain its working in brief. Also compare it with Ammonia-Water system. Q89) What do you understand by Psychrometrics? Define the terms, Specific humidity, Relative humidity, Dew point temperature and Degree of saturation. Q90) Why is the psychrometric chart most commonly employed in solving problems of air- conditioning? What are various common psychrometric processes? Show them on psychrometric chart. Q91) What do you understand by ‘Adiabatic saturation’, and ‘Thermodynamic web-bulb temperature’? Explain, in brief, with the help of neat diagrams. Moist air enters an adiabatic saturator at 350C and leaves at 200C. which is the adiabatic saturation temperature. The pressure remains constant at 1 bar. Determine the relative humidity and humidity ratio of the inlet mixture. Q92) What do you understand by comfort air conditioning? Which are the important factors to be controlled in an air conditioning design? Explain the concept of ‘comfort chart’ and also of ‘comfort zone’.

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q93) What do you understand by the term, cooling and heating load? Discuss, in brief, the different types of loads which have to be taken into account for estimation of the total load of a large restaurant for summer air conditioning. Q94) What is the function of DUCTS in an air conditioning system and which materials are commonly used for their constructions? Derive an expression for the equivalent diameter of a circular duct corresponding to a rectangular duct of sides ‘a’ and ‘b’, for the same volume flow rate and pressure drop, if the frition factor remains the same for both the ducts.

UNIT-V Q95) What is the importance of food preservation? Describe, in brief, how freezers and refrigerators are used for food preservation. What are the main advantages of food preservation? Q96) Describe the working of an ‘Ice Plant’ with the help of a neat sketch. what is the difference between a cold storage and an Ice Plant? Q97) Enumerate few empirical methods being used to evaluate heat transfer through walls ad roofs. What is the effect of ventilation air on cooling loads? Q98) What do you understand by Automotive Airconditioning? Explain, in brief, how airconditioining of automobiles and trains are done. Q99) Explain the function of expansion devices in a refrigeration system an describe the working of a thermostatic expansion valve with the help of a neat sketch. Q100) What is a refrigerant? Enmerate the desired chemical, physical and thermodynamic properties of refrigerants used in vapour compression refrigeration cycle. Write a short note on the effects of release of CFC class of refrigerants into the atmosphere. Q101) Explain the differences between throttling and isentropic expansion? Although some work can be extracted from the isentropic expansion process after the refrigerant leaves the condenser an irreversible isenthalpic process is generally preferred. Explain the reasons. Briefly describe the term ‘flashing’ of refrigerants?

Q102) With respect to a binary mixture, write short notes on : i) Homogeneous and Heterogeneous mixtures ii) Miscibility iii) Temperature – Concentration diagram iv) Enthalpy- Concentration diagram. If two fluid streams with mass flow rates m1 and m2, having different concentrations, C1

and C2 and specific enthalpies h1 and h2, are adiabatically mixed together in a mixing chamber, derive the expressions for the resultant concentration and enthalpy, explaining the process with an enthalpy-concentration diagram. Q103) Describe the operation of a Lithium Bromide, water absorption refrigeration system with the help of a neat Iabelled diagram. Comment on the possibility of utilizing solar Energy for the purpose of refrigeration coupled with this system. Q104) Define the following terms, with the gelp of temperature entropy diagram. i) Dew point temperature of air ii) Degree of saturation of air. iii) Wet bulb temperature.

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Q105) Explain the term ‘Temperature of Adiabatic Saturation’. Moist unsaturated air having temperature T, specific enthalpy h, and specific humidity ω, enters an adiabatic chamber where pure water having temperature T* and specific enthalpy h* already exists. The air leaves the chamber in a saturated state with temperature T*, specific enthalpy h* and specific humidity ω*. Assuming the humid specific heats of inlet and exist streams to be equal (= Cp), Prove that

Hfg* T* = T - ------ (ω* - ω), where h* fg is the Cp Latent heat of vapour corresponding to T*. Q106) Calculate (i) relative humidity, (ii) humidity ratio, (iii) dew point temperature (iv) density and enthalpy of atmospheric air when the DBT is 350C, WBT is 230 C and the barometer reads 750mm of mercury (Use Carrieer Equation for determining the partial pressure of vapour). Use properties of water from steam tables. Q107). What do you understand by thermal resistance ? With respect to a building wall, what is meant by surface conductance and overall heat transfer coefficient? Q108) With respect to the passive heating and cooling of buildings, explain the following concepts: i) Direct gain principle ii) Indirect gain principle iii) Isolated gain principle. Q109) With the help of a neat diagram, explain the working of an automatic expansion valve used for refrigerant flow control. Q110) Write short notes on frictional losses and dynamic losses in a flow through a duct. Write the expression for frictional pressure drop in ducts with proper nomenclature. Q111) Explain two types of refrigeration systems used in trucks / trailers during road transport?

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

DBIT DEHRADUN

LESSON PLAN

SEMESTER/YEAR: 6th

/3rd

DEPARTMENT: ECE

COURSE: PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT CODE: THU-601

S.

No.

Topic Name

Referenc

e/ Text

Book/

Web

(R/T/W)

No. Of

Lectur

es

Delivery

Method

Remar

ks

1. INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT:

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

Theories of management: Traditional behavioral

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

contingency and systems approach

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

Organization as a system.

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

2 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION:

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

Interaction with external environment T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

Managerial decision,making

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

MIS T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

3 PLANNING APPROACH TO

ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS:

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

design of organization structure;

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

job design and enrichment

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

job evaluation

T1,R1 1 Chalk &

Talk

merit rating.

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

4.. MOTIVATION AND PRODUCTIVITY:

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

Theories of motivation

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

leadership styles T1,R1 1 Chalk &

Talk

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

managerial grid

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

Co-ordination T1,R1 1 Chalk &

Talk

Monitoring

T1,R1 1 Chalk &

Talk

control in organizations

T1 1 Chalk &

Talk

Techniques of control

T1,R1 2 Chalk &

Talk

Japanese management techniques.

T1 1 Chalk &

Talk

Total Lectures: 40



TEXT BOOKS:

[T1] Himanshu Aggarwal

[T2]

REFERENCE BOOKS:

[R1] L M Parsad

Approved By


Date: __________

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q.1 What is Management and why is it important to learn about management?

Q.2List the principles of scientific management.

Q.3 How does the job of a top manger differ from those of the several levels of middle

management?

Q.4 What are the 14 principles given by Hennry Fayol related to modern management.

Q.5 What are the essential skills of a manager?

Q.6 What are the functions of managers? Explain the roles of managers as suggest by Henry

Mintzberg.

Q.7 What do you understand by bureaucracy? Discuss the characteristics of Max weber

bureaucratic model.

Q.8 The Neo Classical Theory is human Oriented. Discuss. State the characteristics of Neo

Classical Theory.


ASSIGNMENT SHEET

Course Name: Principle of Management Assignment No. 1

Course Code:THU-601

Faculty :

Branch: All

Branches

Semester: VI

Unit/Title: 1/ Introduction of Management

Date of Issue: Date of

Submission:

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q.1 Define and describe business process and their relationship to information systems.

Q.2 What are business processes? What role do they play in organizations? How are they

enhanced by information systems?

Q.3 Explain the major constraints in operating the MIS.

Q.4 Explain the role of organizations environment on the MIS and business processes?

Q.5 What is Decision Support System? Briefly explain the characteristics of Decision Support

System.

Q.6 What do you understand by environmental analysis? Discuss the procedure of

environmental analysis.

Q.7 Explain the planning for implementation step in MIS.

Q.8 Define an information system from both a technical and a business perspective.


ASSIGNMENT SHEET


Course Code:THU-601

Faculty :

Branch: All

Branches

Semester: VI

Unit/Title: 2/ Management information system


Submission:

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Q.1 Explain the nature and significance of planning?

Q.2 Explain the roles of planning function?

Q.3 What is Job Evaluation Process Chart.

Q.4 Define Performance Appraisal. What are its salient features? What are its merits &

demerits.

Q.5 What are the various methods of job Appraisal?

Q.6 What is organizational analysis? Explain the models of organizational analysis?

Q.7 Discuss the planning approach to organizational analysis?

Q.8 What is merit rating and discuss its limitations.


ASSIGNMENT SHEET


Course Code:THU-601

Faculty :

Branch: All

Branches

Semester: VI

Unit/Title: 3/ Planning Approach to organization Analysis


Submission:

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

1. Name the steps involved in motivation process.

2. What is Motivation and how is Moslow‟s hierarchy of needs theory a theory of

motivation?

3. What are McGregor‟s Theory X and Theory Y assumptions?

4. What are three needs Mc Clelland proposed which are present in work situation?

5. What is the relationship between planning and controlling in Organization control

process?

6. “ Leadership is a driving force which gets things done by others.” Examine and

comment.

7. “Good Leadership is an integral part of effectiveness direction.” Discuss, bringing out

clearly the qualities of an effective leader.

8. Define Leadership. Explain the various Styles and theories of leadership.


ASSIGNMENT SHEET


Course Code:THU-601

Faculty :

Branch: All

Branches

Semester: VI

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

CASE -1

“Managing by objective is nothing new here” , said commissioner Gaurav of the metropolis

Police Department. “ We have always had important objectives toward which every one in my

department strives. Our job is to maintain law and order, firmly but fairly; to protect human

lives and property; and to be the conscience and spirit of the general welfare of the millions of

people who call our city home. Everyone in this department knows these objectives. Every man

and woman knows that he or she must work toward them and that, if they do not, they will be

replaced. I recognize that in a manufacturing concern you can measure objectives by profits,

sales, costs and product output. We can‟t, of course, do that, for we are service operation. But

this does not mean that we are not managing by objectives. Ask anyone in my department?

Questions

1. (a) Is commissioner Gaurav engaging in managing by objectives? What, if anything, is

missing?

(b) What would you suggest the commissioner do?

Unit/Title: 4/ Motivation and Productivity


Submission:


TUTORIAL SHEET

Course Name:Principles of Management Tutorial Sheet No. 1

Course Code:THU-601

Faculty :


Unit/Title: Date of Discussion:

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

CASE - 2

The personnel Manager of Bushan steels, an engineering unit based at Kolkata has been

banging the executive conference table of the company for some months asserting that the true

function of Management is to take care of the needs of the staff and let the staff take care of the

goals of the organization. The marketing Manager has, on the other hand, been expressing the

view that the real function of management is to take care of the market and staff must fall in

line with the objectives, plans and priorities of the company.

Question

Which of these views is correct and why?


TUTORIAL SHEET

Course Name:Principles of Management Tutorial Sheet No. 2

Course Code:THU-601

Faculty :


Unit/Title: Date of Discussion:

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Unit – 1

1) Define Management.

2) Is management – an art or science?

3) Give some features of management.

4) What are the essential skills of a manager?

5) Define scientific management.

6) List the principles of scientific management.

8) State the contributions of Fayol towards management.

9) What do you mean by „Scalar chain‟?

10) What do you mean by „Esprit de corps‟?

11) What are the various levels of management?

12) What are the roles played by a manager?

13) What are the functions of management?

14) What are the classifications of business organization?.

15) Trace the evolution of management with reference to the contributions made by

management thinkers.

16) What is the role of scientific management in the modern era?

17) Explain the contributions of F.W.Taylor to Management.

18) Explain the contributions of Henri Fayol.

19) Explain the contributions of Abraham Maslow and McGregor.

20) Discuss the nature, purpose, merits and demerits of management.

21) Differentiate between Management and Administration with suitable examples.

22 )Discuss the merits and demerits of various types of organization.

23) Explain the recent developments in modern management theory.


Question Bank

Course Name: Principles of Management

Course Code:THU-601


SEMESTER/YEAR:

6th

/3rd

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

Unit-2 &3

1) Trace the steps involved in the decision-making process.

2) Explain in detail the classification of decisions.

3) Discuss the various quantitative techniques for decision-making

1) Define „Planning‟.

2) What are the types of planning? .

3) Define the „mission‟ and „vision‟ of an organization?

4) What do you mean by MBO?

5) What are policies?

6) What are the various types of plans?

7) Define the term „Strategy‟.

8) State the features of Policies. .

9) What do you understand by the term „Planning premises‟?

10) What are the main factors to considered for implementation of a

strategy?

11) Differentiate objectives and goals.

12) Distinguish between strategy and tactics.

13) State the hierarchy of objectives.

14) Differentiate policies and procedures.

15) What are the different types of policies?

16) What do you mean by SWOT analysis

17) State the levels of strategy.

18) What are the main objectives of a project?

19) Mention the features of MBO.

20) What is Forecasting? .

21) Define planning. Discuss the steps involved in planning.

22) “Planning is all pervasive.”- Discuss with reference to its nature,

merits and demerits.

23) Explain the various characteristics identified in planning.

24) Discuss in detail the planning of premises.

25) What are objectives? State the characteristic features and requirements of a sound objective.

26) Discuss in detail the features and process of MBO. (or) Discuss the

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

contributions of Peter.F.Drucker to management.

27) Differentiate between Objectives & Goals with examples.

28) Differentiate between Strategy & Policy.

29) Discuss about the effective implementation of a strategy.

30) Explain in detail the strategic planning process.

31)Discuss the steps involved in formulation of a Policy.

32)Classify and explain policies. Give the requisites of a sound. 13) Discuss the merits and

demerits of different types of plans

35) Discuss the different types of planning.

36) What is job design?

37) What are the benefits of specialization?

38) What are the limitations of specialization?

39) What is job rotation?

40) What is job enlargement?

41) What is job enrichment?

Unit-4

1) Define Motivation.

2) Name the steps involved in motivation process.

3) What are the types of motivation?

4) What are the different Motivational theories?

5) List out the basic needs in hierarchy.

6) Who is a leader?

7) Define Leadership.

8) List the few leadership theories.

9) State house path goal approach.

10) Name the various leadership styles.

11) Explain the importance of leadership.

12) Explain the motivation process.

13) Explain the Maslow‟s need hierarchy theory.

14) Explain the special motivational techniques.

15) Explain the different styles of leadership.

16) What are the four basic ingredients of leadership skill?

17) Explain the McClelland‟s needs theory.

DBIT/BTech/ME//17

18) Explain the special motivational techniques.

19)Explain the trait approaches to leadership theories.

20) What is Control?

21) Define control.

22) What are the characteristics of control?

23) Why need of control in the organization?

24) What are the importances of controlling?

25) What are the disadvantages of control?

26) What are the interrelationship between planning and control?

27) Give some critical point standards of control

28) What are the types of control?

29) What is feedback control?

30) What is concurrent control?

31) What is feed forward control?

32) List the differences between feedback control and feed forward

33) What are the requirements for effective control?

34) Explain briefly the control techniques.

35) Discuss the control process and types of control.

36) What are the characteristics of control? Explain its need for management.

37) Explain the characteristic of an ideal control system.

38) Define control. Describe the features of a good control system.

39) What are the various good qualities of efficient controlling system?

Syllabus & Evaluation Scheme B.Tech ME 3rd Year Autumn … · Reciprocating and Rotary Compressors,...

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