SWOT ANALYSIS FOR ALTERNATIVE PROPOSALS OF AFFORDABLE...

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SWOT ANALYSIS FOR ALTERNATIVE PROPOSALS OF

AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN NAVSARI URBAN AREA Parth Shantilal Rathod1, Himanshu J. Padhya2

P.G. Student, Town & Country Planning, Sarvajanik College of Engineering & Technology,

Surat, Gujarat1

Associate Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Sarvajanik College of Engineering and

Technology, Surat, Gujarat2

Abstract: India is the second largest urban system in the world that shows the process

of evolution, “Urbanizations”. Urbanization is generating a massive housing shortage

and the growth of slum conditions in India. This growing concentration of people in

urban areas has led to problems of land shortage, housing shortfall and congested

transit and has also severely stressed the existing basic amenities such as water, power

and open spaces of the towns and cities. This is primarily due to the skyrocketing prices

of land and real estate in urban areas. Development of large-scale affordable housing is

the greatest necessity of urban India today. The objective of creating affordable housing

is to provide adequate Affordable Housing shelter to all. Creation of affordable housing

should encompass both – enabling people to buy and to rent, for which there is a need to

put an institutional structure in place. While the concept of affordable housing seems to

be a simple solution to current housing woes, its execution remains complicated due to

the unclear policy framework. To make affordable housing work in India, it would

require “will” from all the stakeholders by slightly adjusting their interests towards a

wider social cause. But the urbanization level of developed country is almost stabilized

and that with the improved infrastructure and high standard of living.

This study examines to resolve the housing shortage by provision of affordable housing.

After identified problem of housing shortage and to resolve that problem the final

outcome of this study reflects the planning proposal for municipal services to meet the

future demand and also strongly recommend the planning strategies to ensure towards

achieving sustainability.

Keywords: Urbanization, Housing shortage, Affordable housing, Slums, Urban area

I. INTRODUCTION

Houses are important basic needs for anyone in the world. But somehow there will be

housing shortage arises. And to meet the future demand of study area and improvement of the

quality of life it is necessary to study proper method of planning. Urban centers act as a

generator of wealth & engine of economy growth, physical development. Over the years,

rapid urbanization process, in spite of its many positive aspects, has come under disapproval

because of failure of the government to cope with its adverse impact to meet their basic

needs, infrastructure and services for growing population in developing countries like India.

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The need is to meet the challenges without wasting or distorting resources and the pattern of

development. Thus, the vital job of planners, architects, engineers and administrators would

be to evolve appropriate strategies and planning which would rationalize the growth, promote

development and ensure effective management of urban areas and effective use of resources,

to make improved livable conditions.

“Affordability” as a concept is very generic and could have different meanings for different

people based on differences in income levels. Affordable housing refers to any housing that

meets some form of affordability criterion. Different countries have defined affordable

housing to present the economic potential of an individual buying a house. In the United

States and Canada, a commonly accepted guideline for affordable housing is that the cost of

housing should not be more than 30 percent of a household's gross vary with regions and

income levels. Another point to note is that the definition of affordable housing is not just

restricted to the three categories mentioned above, but applies to people across the country. .

II. LITERATURE

According to 2011 census, the nation had a populace of 1,210.98 million, out of which,

377.10 million (31.16%) lived in urban regions. Amid 2001-2011, the urban populace of

India developed at a CAGR of 2.8%, bringing about the expansion in level of urbanization

from 27.81% to 31.16%. This developing grouping of individuals in urban regions has

prompted issues of land lack, lodging shortage and congested travel and has likewise

extremely focused on the current fundamental conveniences, for example, water, power and

open spaces of the towns and urban communities. As indicated by the 2011 evaluation, the

lodging stock in urban India remained at 78.48 million for 78.86 million urban family units.

Despite the fact that the crevice amongst family unit and lodging stock is narrowing, genuine

lack is high because of a specific piece of the present stock being run down and individuals

living in congested residences. Urbanization has brought about individuals progressively

living in ghettos and squatter settlements and has decayed the lodging states of the financially

weaker areas of the general public. This is principally because of the soaring costs of land

and land in urban ranges that have constrained poor people and the monetarily weaker

segments of the general public to involve the negligible grounds exemplified by poor lodging

stock, clog and out of date quality. Considering these variables, there as of now exists a wide

hole between the request and supply of lodging (both as far as amount and quality) in urban

India. As indicated by assessments of the Technical

Amass constituted by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MHUPA), the

urban lodging lack in the nation toward the finish of the tenth Five-Year Plan was assessed to

be 24.71 million for 66.30 million family units. The gathering additionally evaluated that

88% of this lack relates to houses for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) and another

11% for Lower-Income Groups (LIG). For Middle-and High-Income Groups (MIG and

HIG), the evaluated deficiency is just 0.04 million. Amid the eleventh Five-Year Plan, the

gathering evaluated that the aggregate lodging prerequisite in Indian urban communities

(counting excess) by end-2012 will be to the tune of 26.53 million staying units for 75.01

million families. On the off chance that the present increment in build-up of lodging is kept

up, at least 30 million extra houses will be required by 2020.


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Table 1Housing Shortage in India

SR. No. Category Shortage(millions)

1 EWS 21.74m (88%)

2 LIG 2.71m (11%)

3 MIG+HIG 0.24m (1%)

4 TOTAL 24.71m (100%)

(Source: MHUPA)

III. STUDY AREA PROFILE

Navsari district is located in the south eastern part of the Gujarat state along the Purna

River within a few kilometers of the river's delta, which is west of the city and empties into

the Gulf of Khambhat. The district has the 5 talukas which are Navsari, Vansada, Chikhali,

Gandevi, and Jalalpore. The main sectors of the Navsari district are agro & food processing

industries, textiles, drugs and pharmaceuticals, mineral related industries. The famous

historical and tourists place are Dandi and Vansada national park. Navsari is located at

20.95°N 72.93°E. It has an average elevation of 9m (29') above sea level. Navsari District is

surrounded by Surat, Bharuch, Narmada (North), Billimora, Valsad and Dang (South)

district. The climate is tropical and monsoon rainfall is abundant (about 2,500 mm a year).

According to the Census of India -2011, population of Navsari is 16,30,000. Its population

Density 592 per sq. km. Navsari has an average literacy rate of 79%. Its sex ratio is 961

female per 1000 male. According to cemsus-2011, total populatin of the Navsari urban area is

4, 09,137. The study area for the affordable housing is proposed at near Chhapra and Dantej

village. The proposed study area is totally green field area. The proposed area is totally

undeveloped area. If the affordable housing will proposed at Chhapra village, then population

burden of the Navsari city may decrease the problem of housing shortage and the benefits of

affordable housing like better infrastructure, education facilities, and better quality of life

with sustainable environment will give good quality of life of Navsari district. The National

Highway no – 8 which known as DMIC is passed near the study area, which is helpful for the

transportation and connect the study area with Bardoli, Sachin, Surat very easily. The state

highway no – 180 is also pass near the study area this both highways are very useful for the

transportation facilities for industrial activity and also connect the study area with major

district and cities. The major district road is also pass from the study area which connect the

study area with Chhapra village and other villages of the Navsari District.

Figure 1 Existing Situation of Selected Site


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IV. DATA COLLECTION

This chapter include the planning proposal for Township on two different planning methods

cluster developing and concentric radial method. Both methods are compared based on

Strength, Weakness, and Opportunity and Threat (SWOT) analysis.

The important part of any research study is the collection of actual and reliable data. Sample

collection and distribution should be in a manner that can meet the characteristics of each part

of study. The basic and primary requirement for any research is the selection of study area,

collection of inventory data.

Table 2 Housing by condition of structure in Navsari urban area

Total Good % Livable % Not livable %

Total 38190 30509 79.89% 7322 19.17% 359 0.94%

Residence 37706 30140 79.93% 7209 19.12% 357 0.95%

Residence

cum other

use

484 369 76.24% 113 23.35% 2 0.41%

(Source: Navsari Nagarpalika)

Figure 2 Housing by Condition of Structure in Navsari Urban Area

Table 3 Housing condition by the material of roof

Grass/

Thatch

/Bamb

oo

Wood/

Mud

etc.

Plastic/

Polythene

Hand

made

tiles

Machin

e made

tiles

Burn

t

Bric

k

Ston

e

G.I/Met

al/Asbe

stose

sheets

Con

cret

e

Othe

r

mate

rial

Number

of

household

s

221 69 911 2682 210 888 7753 19,0

64

23



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221, 1%

69, 0%

911, 3%

2682, 8%210, 1%

888, 3%

7753, 24%19064, 60%

23, 0%

Housing condition by the material of roof

Grass/Thatch/BambooWood/Mud etc.

Plastic/Polythene

Hand made tiles

Figure 3 Housing condition by the material of roof

Table 4 Housing Structure in Navsari urban area

House by Type/Structure

Pucca Semi Pucca Katcha

No. of

Households

No. of

HH’s

% of

HH’s

No. of

HH’s

% of

HH’s

No. of

HH’s

% of

HH’s

Total 7927 1914 24.1% 4153 52.4% 1851 23.4%


Figure 4 Housing Structure in Navsari urban area

Table 5 Average Monthly Income of Households (in Rs.)

Average Monthly Income of Households (in Rs.)

Total Income less

than 3000

Income between

3000-4000

Income more

than 10000

No. of Households 79 27 6129 445 1328


Figure 5 Average Monthly Income of Households (in Rs.)

Table 6 Total housing demand in Navsari urban area


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Total housing demand in Navsari urban area

Slums 1721

Non-Slums 2941

Total 4662

Figure 6 Total housing demand in Navsari urban area

V. PLANNING PROPOSALS

PLANNING PROPOSAL 1

Total area of the township is 53 ha. In concentric radial pattern, the total area is divided in to

residential area, commercial area, public uses, transportation and future development. In this

proposal the residential area is 52% and which is 23 ha. Of total land use. The commercial

area is 4% and which is 4 ha. Of total land use. The public and semipublic area in the

planning proposal 1 is about 5% and which is 2.5 ha. The land use percentage is and 5 %. The

C.O.P will provided. The green belts are provided at the starting of the residential area. The

internal gardens are provided at the residential plot for recreational activities. Total 20%

roads are provided in this pattern. The roads are provided in grid pattern. The main two roads

are 30 m wide. In industrial area 15 m wide roads are provided and in residential area 18 m

and 12 m wide roads are provided. The main 30 m roads are directly connected with main

road so people can get direct access.

Table 7 Land Use Distribution of Proposal 1

Land Use Percentage (%)

Residential 52%

Commercial 4%

Public 5%

Recreational 15%

Future development 4%

Road 20%


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Figure 7 Land Use Distribution of Proposal 1

Figure 8 Planning Proposal 1

Planning Proposal 2

Total area of the township is 53 ha. The total area is divided in to residential area,

commercial area, public uses, transportation and future development. In this proposal the

residential area is 59% and which is 30 ha. Of total land use. The commercial area is 3% and

which is 3 ha. Of total land use. The public and semipublic area in the planning proposal 2 is

about 10% and which is 5 ha. The land use percentage is and 10% for the recreational area.

The C.O.P will provided. The green belts are provided at the starting of the residential area.

The internal gardens are provided at the residential plot for recreational activities. Total 18%

roads are provided in this pattern. The roads are provided in radial pattern. The main two

roads are 30 m wide. In industrial area 15 m wide roads are provided and in residential area

18 m and 12 m wide roads are provided. The main 30 m roads are directly connected with

main road so people can get direct access.

Table 8 Land Use Distribution of Proposal 2

Land use Percentage (%)

Residential 59%

Commercial 3%

Public 10%

Recreational 10%

Future development 0%

Road 18%


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Figure 9 Land Use Distribution of Proposal 2

Figure 10 Planning Proposal 2

VI. SWOT ANALYSIS

SWOT analysis, which mainly used to analyze the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat

of some project, place or target. It is a useful method in planning, business. Urban planning is

influenced by changes within internal and external optional environments. SWOT analysis

has been widely applied in the fields of land-resource planning, urban strategy planning,

tourism planning etc. the basic idea of preparing SWOT analysis is to match internal

strengths to external opportunities organizing assets as part of strategy that takes into account

organizational weakness and potential threats in the environment.

The comparison of both models is done based on SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis is a

structured planning method used to evaluate the strengths, weakness, opportunities and

threats. Some parameters are considered for the SWOT analysis technique. Following

parameters to be considered for the SWOT:

Land use planning

Road network

Accessibility form different zones

Safety of residential unit

Location of residential units from industrial area


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Accessibility of existing NH-8 and State Highway, and Major District road for

residential area.

Ability of preventing pollution

Provision of green belts

Provision of amenities and physical infrastructure

Table 9 SWOT analysis survey form

Proposal 1 Proposal 2

Sr. No. Parameter S W O T S W O T

1 Land use planning

2 Road network

3 Accessibility

4 Safety of residential unit

5 Location of residential unit from industrial

unit

6 Accessibility of existing NH-8 and State

Highway, and Major District road

7 Provision of green belts

8 Problem of traffic congestion

9 Provision of amenities and physical

infrastructure

Table 10 SWOT Analysis

Sr.

no.

Comparison Proposal 1 Proposal 2

1 Strength a) Land use planning

criteria are fulfil and land

use pattern is based on grid

iron pattern which is good

for township planning.

b) Road network pattern is

suitable for this area.

c) Traffic congestion

problem is less in this

pattern.

d) Safety of residential unit

from industrial area is more.

a) Accessibility of physical infrastructure

and commercial facilities is easy.

b) Potential ability of preventing

population.

c) Safety of residential unit from industrial

area is more.

d) Accessibility of existing NH-8 and State

Highway, and Major District road for

residential and industrial area.

e) Potential ability of preventing

population.

f) Accessibility of existing NH-8 and State

Highway, and Major District road for

residential area.


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2 Weakness a) Less provisions of green

belts

a) Traffic congestion problem is more due

to radial pattern of roads.

b) Road network pattern is not good.

c) Only one major road is available so it is

difficult at the time of emergency.

d) Some part of residential unit do not get

the direct accessibility of major roads.

3 Opportunity a) The major road of township is directly connected with major roads of

the city and major road is connected with the Nh-8 so it will be helpful for

development.

b) Residence growth of that area.

4 Threat a) The site is located at the periphery edge of Navsari urban area.

VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors convey a deep sense of gratitude to Dr. Vaishali Mungurwadi, Principal,

Sarvajanik College of Engineering & Technology and Prof (Dr.) Pratima A. Patel, Faculty

Head-Civil Engineering, Sarvajanik Collage of Engineering & Technology, Surat for

consistent support and motivation.

VIII. CONCLUSION

After studying the literature review, case studies, guidelines and norms, two alternatives is

prepared on the basis of land use pattern. These alternatives are analyzed with SWOT

analysis technique. The export reviews are taken for the SWOT analysis. After doing SWOT

analysis proposal 2 is selected for further detail planning for the Township.

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