Swiss

7/17/2019 Swiss

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/swiss-568f162cbd0c3 1/23

EUROPEAN HILL

ARCHITECTURE

REPORT

SUBMITTED TO :

DR. MINAKSHI JAIN

NIT – HAMIRPUR

SUBMITTED BY :

ANANT GUPTA 11618

PUSHPENDER KASHYAP 11619

DHRUV KOHLI 11642 ASHISH PANWAR 10629

7/17/2019 Swiss


CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

EUROPE

SWIT!ERLAND

2. GEOGRAPHY MOUNTAIN RANGES

RIVER SYSTEMS

CLIMATE

"LORA AND "AUNA

#. DEMOGRAPHICS

4. LAND USE

$. CULTURE

6. ARCHITECTURE

VERNACULAR CHALETS

CASTLES

%. TRANSITION "ROM VERNACULAR TO CONTEMPORARY

VILLA VALS

RODUIT HOUSE TRANS"ORMATION

HOUSE IN &ALSTHAL

8. SETTLEMENT PLANNING

7/17/2019 Swiss


INTRODUCTION

Switzerland

Switzerland is a small country located in the center of Europe. It isbordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south,and Austria to the east. It's a country full of green elds and white

mountains. !he most popular Swiss landscape are Alps.

"olitical map of SwitzerlandSwitzerland

#ern is the capital of Switzerland. #ern is also the capital of the %anton of#ern, the second most populous of Switzerland's cantons. &ith apopulation of (),(* +February *-, #ern is the fourth most populouscity in Switzerland. In )/( #ern is ran0ed among the world1s top ten citiesfor the best 2uality of life.

Bern

Aerial 3iew of #ern

Source4 http455www.mapsofworld.com5europe5switzerland

7/17/2019 Swiss


GEOGRAPHY

Switzerland is a small, mountainous country, co3ering a part of thecentral Alps. Switzerland measures ** 0ilometres +(6 miles fromnorth to south and (- 0ilometres +*6 miles from west to east.Switzerland lies between latitudes 7-8 and 7/8 9, and longitudes -8 and

8 E.

Geographical :ap of Switzerland

MOUNTAIN RANGESIt contains three basic topographical areas4' the Swiss Alps to the south,

' the Swiss plateau, and' the ;ura mountains on the north.

Source4 http455www.swissworld.org5en5geography5the<three<regions5the<alps5

7/17/2019 Swiss


Alps

!he Alps are the highest and most e=tensi3e mountain range system thatlies entirely in Europe, stretching appro=imately ,* 0ilometres acrosseight Alpine countries from Austria and Slo3enia in the east, Switzerland,>iechtenstein, Germany, and France to the west, and Italy and :onaco to

the south. !he Alps co3er ?@ of Switzerland's surface area +7,*/- 0m, ma0ing itone of the most alpine countries. Another characteristic of the Alps arethe glaciers, which co3er a surface of about ,( s2uare 0ilometres +-*s2 miles. !he biggest glacier in Switzerland is the *(B0ilometre Aletschglacier, a part of the C;ungfrau Aletsch #ietschhornC D9ES% worldheritage site. It is also an watershed area of Switzerland.

Alps Aletsch Glacier

!he Alps ha3e an a3erage altitude of ,6 metres and co3er nearly twothirds of the total surface area. &ithin the Alps there are 7/ mountainsthat are 7, metres or higher.

!he tallest point in Switzerland, :onte osa +7,?(7 metres in %antonalais,

Another tallest mountain of Switzerland, the :atterhorn +7,76/ metresisalso located in the Alps.

:onte osa :atterhorn


7/17/2019 Swiss


!ra M"!ntains

!he ;ura :ountains are a mountain range located north of the western Alps. !he ;ura is a limestone range running from >a0e Gene3a to the hine ri3er. !hisarea ma0es up about *@ of Switzerland's land area. >ocated about 6 metres

abo3e sea le3el, this region is characterized by a limestone highland with deepri3er 3alleys.

!he highest mountain pea0s of ;ura mountains are :ont !endre ,?6)metres. ther high summits are the %hasse on +,?6 metres andthe %hasseral +,?6 metres, located in the western part of the range, inthe cantons of aud and #ern.

;ura mountains >imestone highland

:ont !endre %hasse on

;ura mountains


7/17/2019 Swiss


Central Platea!

!he Swiss "lateau constitutes one of the three maHor landscapes in Switzerlandalongside the ;ura :ountains and the Swiss Alps. It co3ers about (@ of theSwiss surface area . It comprises the regions between the ;ura and the Alps andlies at an a3erage height between 7 and 6 meters from mean sea le3el.

!he highest mountain pea0s of ;ura mountains are :ont !endre ,?6)

metres. ther high summits are the %hasse on +,?6 metres andthe %hasseral +,?6 metres, located in the western part of the range, inthe cantons of aud and #ern. It is the most densely populated region ofthe country.umans began to settle the plateau in the 9eolithic, starting with theban0s of la0es and ri3ers. !he Swiss "lateau became a part of the omanEmpire - #% when the omans occupied the land of the el3etii and itremained oman until the end of the (rd century.

Swiss "lateau Aerial 3iew of the plateau

Fribourg, Swiss "lateau


7/17/2019 Swiss


RI#ER SYSTEMS

!he country shares 3e ri3er basins and some of the largest la0es inwestern Europe with its neighbours. %ountry has se3eral maHor ri3ers4' hine +*(( 0m begins in the Swiss canton in the southBeastern

Swiss Alps and Jows into the north sea.' hone +/* 0m begins in the Swiss canton in the alps and Jows into

the :editerranean sea.' Inn +-* 0m begins in the alps glaciers and Jows into the blac0 sea.

:aHor ri3er systems andla0es

!he Swiss climate is generally temperate, but can 3ary greatly betweenthe localities.

!he plateau + -K? metres , has an a3erage temperature of ) 8%+7/.* 8F and the a3erage precipitation is , millimetres. !he higherele3ations of the ;ura and the Alps naturally cause lower temperatures+a3erage - Lc and in the high Alps glaciers e=ist.

!he ;ura and foothills of Alps typically ha3e more precipitation, with ana3erage of ,*K,? millimetres , while the high Alps may ha3e o3er*,- millimetres .

C$IMATE

Source4 http455www.mapsofworld.com5

7/17/2019 Swiss


%$ORA AND %AUNA

ariation in climate and altitude produces a 3aried Jora and fauna.' In the lowest zone +below -- m, chestnut, walnut, cypress, and palm

trees grow.' up to ,* m +(,)7 ft, forests of beech, maple, and oa0 trees are

found.' around ,?/ m +-,- ft, r and pine are found.' around *,( m +6, ft, rhododendron, larches, cembra pine and

whortleberries are found.

%ypress

Forests of beech

a0 tree

Forest of larches

%embra "ine

' &ild animals include the chamois, boar, deer, otter, and fo=.' !here are large birds of prey, as well as snipe, heath coc0, and

cuc0oo.

%hamoistter

eath %oc0

Ibe=

#eardedulture

GoldenEagleSource4 http455www.nationsencyclopedia.com5Europe5SwitzerlandBF>ABA9MBFAD9A.html

7/17/2019 Swiss


DEMOGRAPHICS

!he population of Switzerland is hea3ily urbanized. In *), 67@ of the6,6/-,/ inhabitants li3ed in urban areas. &ith a population density of7- inhabitants per 0m, it is one of the most densely populated regionin Europe. !he distribution of the population 3aries greatly, with only

@ li3ing in the Alpine region.

"opulation density map +inhabitants per 0m

$AND USE

Farmland

Forests and woodland

#uiltBup land

:ountains, la0es andri3ers

!he Swiss territory is di3ided into four maHor types of land use. As of*, (?.)@ of the land in Switzerland is used for farming. (./@ of thecountry is co3ered with forests and woodlands, with an additional ?./@co3ered with houses or buildings. About oneBfourth +*-.-@ of thecountry is either mountains, la0es or ri3ers and is categorized asunproducti3e.

>and use pie chart

7/17/2019 Swiss


CU$TURE

&ith its blend of omance and Germanic traditions, and di3erse culturesbrought by those who ha3e li3ed or tra3elled here, Switzerland is afascinating melting pot in the heart of Europe where many diNerentpeople, languages and religious beliefs coBe=ist. Its creati3e and cultural

output reJects the di3ersity of this multilingual and cosmopolitanen3ironment. !here are a wealth of organisations dedicated to the arts,such as museums, foundations, galleries, festi3als and independentbodies, who nurture homegrown and international creati3e talent.

Swiss culture is characterized by di3ersity, which is reJected in a widerange of traditional customs. Its central position between three importantEuropean cultures +the GermanBspea0ing region, France, and Italy ha3eled to this historically determined linguistic and cultural di3ersity.Switzerland has four national languages4 German, French, Italian andomansch.

!here is a strong architectural tradition in Switzerland. !he omanes2uestyle of the *th century can be found in the cathedrals of #asel,Sion, %hur, Gene3a and >ausanne. !his style, which is rich in e=pression,can also be found on many castles and fortresses around the country,many of which preser3ed in a good condition. Mistincti3e architecture ofhigh 2uality can be found around Switzerland. It is often considered asparticularly inno3ati3e modern architecture.

Some of the traditional symbols of Switzerland4 the Swiss Jag, thealphorn and the snowBcapped Alps

Source4 http455en.wi0ipedia.org5wi0i5%ulture<of<Switzerland

7/17/2019 Swiss


ARCHITECTURE

Switzerland's architecture has been remar0ably well preser3ed. !hecountry oNers superb e=amples of oman ruins as well as of medie3alchurches, monasteries, and castles.

!he architecture of Switzerland has always been greatly inJuenced bythe aesthetic de3elopment of its neighbors. As a result, it does not ha3ea distincti3e CnationalC style BB e=cept in its rural buildings, and perhapsits woodBsided chalets, which ha3e been copied in mountain settingsthroughout the world.

Aigle%astle

%halet

7/17/2019 Swiss


E#O$UTION O% CONTEMPORARY %ROM #ERNACU$AR ARCHITECTURE

Switzerland is generally regarded to be at the forefront of modernarchitecture. It was the birthplace of one of the most inJuentialarchitects of the *th century4 >e %orbusier +//6B)?-. !he genuinerespect for natural resources has transformed Swiss architecture into an

art. E3en the modern architecture merges with the surroundings similarto 3ernacular architecture.

E9A%D>A A%I!E%!DEArchitecture concerned with

domestic and functional ratherthan monumental buildings.

%9!E:"AOA%I!E%!DE

Architecture belonging to oroccurring in the present.

#illa #als

Architects4 SeA% P %:A>ocation4 als, Switzerland"roHect Oear4 *)

!ogether with %:A5%hristian :Qller Architects the Mutch practice SeA%realised this holiday home close to the famous thermal baths of als inSwitzerland.

RShouldn1t it be possible to conceal a house in an Alpine slope while stille=ploiting the wonderful 3iews and allowing

rce 4 http455www.dailytonic.com53illaB3alsBinBswitzerlandBbyBsearchBandBcmaBnl5

7/17/2019 Swiss


#illa #als

It was permissible to construct a pair of dwellings close to the worldfamous thermal baths of als, without disturbing the bath1s e=pansi3e3iews. !he introduction of a central patio into the steep incline creates alarge faade with considerable potential for window openings.

rce 4 http455www.dailytonic.com53illaB3alsBinBswitzerlandBbyBsearchBandBcmaBnl5

!he 3iewing angle from the building is slightly inclined, gi3ing an e3enmore dramatic 3iew of the stri0ingly beautiful mountains on the oppositeside of the narrow 3alley.T !he scheme was not percei3ed as a typicalstructure but rather an e=ample of pragmatic de3elopment in a sensiti3e

location.

Access to the 3illa is only possible through a neighboring wooden shed,

through an underground tunnel that runs through themountainside. Spatial planning is a balanced mi= of contemporary Mutchdesign. A uni2ue combination of architecture, interior design and styling.

%entral "atio iewingAngle

Dnderground access through tunnel

Section

7/17/2019 Swiss


#illa #als

ource 4 https455arhite0turaplus.les.wordpress.com5**553als*.png

Access

!unnel

Ground Floor

"lan

First Floor "lan #edroom

7/17/2019 Swiss


R"d!it H"!se Trans&"r'ati"n

Source4http455ad)cdnb.archdaily.net55*7575-(7(7*c6a/d)e(a<roduitBhouseB

B B B

Architects4 Sa3ioz Fabrizzi Architectes>ocation4 %hamoson, Switzerland

!his building was constructed in stages from /7 onwards and was usedas a rural house. It is made up of three adHacent areas on diNerent le3els.

Stone Facade eno3ated e=posed concrete facade

7/17/2019 Swiss



Source 4 http455www.archdaily.com57)7(5roduitBhouseBtransformationBsa3iozBfabrizziBarchitectes5

!he imposing pro=imity of the roc0s and its stone construction lend thisbuilding a unity with its surroundings and a 3ery strong mineralcharacter. !he reno3ation proHect see0s to maintain and reinforce thischaracter, emphasizing the e=isting stone structure while using concrete

for the parts to be replaced, in order to create a completely mineral feelto the whole.

!he stone faades ha3e been preser3ed and lined inside with aninsulating layer of concrete based on foamed recycled glass +misapor.

!he parts of the faade formerly of timber weatherboarding ha3e beenreplaced by a monolithic wall of insulating concrete with formwor0 whichreproduces the former te=ture of the timber.

!hese new windows are Jush with the e=terior in order to minimize theirimpact on the 3olume of the building, as well as to emphasize and ma0egood use of the substantial thic0ness of the walls.

&ith its good thermal insulation, controlled 3entilation and energy fromrenewable sources, this reno3ation complies with the swiss RminergieTenergy conser3ation standard. *( m of solar panels on the roof produceabout (-@ of the annual heating re2uirement +heating and hot water.

one construction lends a strong mineral character

7/17/2019 Swiss



Source 4http455ad)cdnb.archdaily.net5content5uploads5*7575-(7(7*c6a/d)e(a<roduitBhouseBtransformationBsa3iozBfabrizziBarchitectes<portada.Hpg

In harmony with the e=terior, the interior is formed from unrenedmineral materials, with its natural stone, e=posed concrete and polished

screed Joors. nly a few elements, such as the 0itchen or the sanitaryttings, are in contrast to this character.

Second Floor "lan

First Floor "lan

Ground Floor "lan >ocation

Section A Section #

#edroom Uitchen >i3ing oom

7/17/2019 Swiss


H"!se in Balst(al


From the architect R!his timber house is about diNerent ways ofpercei3ing the landscape surrounding it.T

Architects4 "ascalFlammer>ocation4 #alsthal,Switzerland

Oear4 *(

7/17/2019 Swiss


H"!se in Balst(al


!he ground Joor consists of one

single family room with anoticeably low horizontal ceiling.

In this space there is a physicalconnection with the natureoutside the continuous windows.

First Floor "lanGround Floor "lan

!here are two principal JoorsV one set 6-mm below the earth, one-mm abo3e.

Site "lan

7/17/2019 Swiss


H"!se in Balst(al


>arge windows open to composed 3iews of the wheateld. &hereas the ground Joor is about connecting withthe 3isceral nature of the conte=t, the Joor abo3e is

about obser3ing nature K a more distant and cerebralacti3ity.

Section Ele3ationEle3ation Section Ele3ation

7/17/2019 Swiss


SETT$EMENT P$ANNING

Switzerland has had a wide range of settlement areas since the beginning of its history. !hey startedout in small communities of hunters and gatherers in lowlands north of the Alps during the"aleolithic "eriod. !hese communities grew bigger as they met up and interloc0ed with each otherand the area became hea3ily dense during the 9eolithic "eriod, !hroughout the ages, Switzerlandbecame more dependent on agriculture, mo3ing to areas with more suitable land for planting and

growing seeds. 9owadays, most of the largest cities in Switzerland started out as small rural or urbancommunities sometime in their history. ural communities de3eloped around 3alley plains, such asthe heinwald, "oshia3o, and Drseren alleys, that were able to sustain intensi3e farming anddomestication. Sometimes they also formed around the parallel relief of the ;ura and the Alps andthe term for these 0inds of settlements was CAlpine 9omadismC. e2uirements for communes were apasture for food for animals, a forest for lumber, fertile soil for farming, and a water source fore3eryday necessities. Drban cities often began around monasteries and oman settlements or alongsmall deltas, la0es, and ri3er comple=es, such as Fribourg which was formed on a strategic ri3ercrossing. :any other cities also settled along lowBtraWc mountainous barriers around the Alps and ;ura. !hese locations fre2uently formed some of the largest modern cities in Switzerland such asXurich, #asel, Gene3a, >usuanne, &interthur, St. Gallen, >ucerne, and e3en its capital #ern.

Source4 http455en.wi0ipedia.org5wi0i5%ulture<of<Switzerland

7/17/2019 Swiss


BIBLIOGRAPHY

Online References

' ())*+,,---./)/35/37(.5,/7())7:08:;3<.()5

' ())*+,,/7()=)7/*.>.-7*7.5,2012,01,?/021.*3<' ())*+,,?/7.5,*7@),122620SARCHC(7)/3M7A7())V/

V/,5/<,1%%2886

' ())*+,,*3;3<.5,;3<,?/?/*7>$81,5/<7*B5/<

;3<5/,0

' ())*+,,---./7(/.5,4941#0,7)()7/3>75/)3/?F>/;7FF

/7())

Books

' M3)/3 A7())7 – T(5/ P. D73< J7.' &3< 3 )( 53)/3 – M/7 C7<(3' C/) /3 "7)> C) > M?/ E7* – J/3D3 G.G. L*/<

Swiss

Documents

Transcript of Swiss