Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the...
Transcript of Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the...
![Page 1: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Swimming Biomechanics in
Practice
Koji Honda,AIS Biomechanist
![Page 2: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is Biomechanics?
Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport.
Biomechanics is a part of the Movement Science, which also includes Performance Analysis and Skill Acquisition
“Performance Analysis answers the ‘What’ and ‘When’ whereas Biomechanics answers the ‘How’, whilst Skill Acquisition helps to
create the change.”
![Page 3: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Tools of the Trade
Basic EquipmentVideo Equipment
- Video camera, - Smart phone, - Tablet
Stop watch
Advance Equipment and analysisVideo based kinematic analysisInertial sensorsPhysical testing using
Force plates (Wetplate, KPASS),Drag lines/towing devices
Numerical modelling and analysis of recorded flowlines and vortex patterns
Particle Image VelocimetryComputer-based numerical modelling
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
SPARTA Race Analysis
![Page 4: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
How do we make Swimmers Faster?
How Do Swimmers Swim?
![Page 5: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Swimming Race
![Page 6: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Swimming Velocity = Stroke Rate x Stroke Length
= x
Swimming Velcoity
![Page 7: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
How Do Swimmers Swim?
![Page 8: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
48
35.2
24
7.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Killer Whales Dolphins &
Barracudas
Penguins Humans
Sw
imm
ing
Sp
ee
d (
kp
h)
Aquatic Creatures
![Page 9: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Blunt and smooth at the
front and tapered at the
back
• Minimises turbulence until
well past
The Swimming Body
![Page 10: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
So What Is the Problem?
• Body Shape
– Blunt cigar shape
VS
– Lumpy & irregular human body contour
• No limbs or rough edges to create resistance and, ideally, driven from the rear
![Page 11: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
How to Improve Swimming Performance?
Achieved by one of three alternatives:
(1) the swimmer can increase propulsive force, or
![Page 12: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Swimming Propulsion
Traditional Ideas of Propulsion Generation:
•Action/Reaction
(Drag/Propulsion)
•Lift (Sculling)
![Page 13: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Propulsive Force = ½ ρ CD A v
A – frontal surface areav – swimmer’s velocityCD – Coefficient if dragρ – density of water
2+ ρ CM V a
V – Volumea – swimmer’s accelerationCM – Coefficient of inertiaρ – density of water
Drag Effects Unsteady State Inertial Effects
Net Thrust Generation in Swimming
![Page 14: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
How to Improve Swimming Performance?
Achieved by one of three alternatives:
(1) the swimmer can increase propulsive force, or
(2) the swimmer can reduce resistive drag (both active and passive), or
(3) some combination of the two (i.e. increased propulsive force and reduced resistance).
![Page 15: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Components of drag:
1) frictional drag: friction
produced between water and
a moving object
2) form drag: a combination of
frontal and eddy resistance
3) wave drag: energy loss due
to creation of waves
Skin
Frontal areaEddies
Waves
• Components of drag:
– Frictional drag: friction produced between water and swimmer
– Form drag: a combination of frontal and eddy resistance
– Wave drag: energy loss due to creation of waves
Resistance – Drag Forces
![Page 16: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Is directly proportional to velocity
• Skin with Hair vs Shaved Skin vs Suit
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8Velocity
Frictional D
rag
Frictional Drag
![Page 17: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Combination of
– Frontal resistance
– Eddy resistance
• Quadratic relationships
– Velocity squared
0
2
4
6
8
0 2 4 6 8Velocity
Form
D
rag
Form Drag
![Page 18: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• wave drag: energy loss due to creation of waves• Bow wave, stern wave & lateral waves• Most detrimental type of drag – related to the cube
of the velocity.
Wave Drag
![Page 19: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Distance of Glide in 1s
1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3
Surface
0.2m Deep
0.4m Deep
0.6m Deep
Distance (m)
Practical Measure of the
Drag Force:
Over 25cm extra glide
distance in 1s by gliding
at 0.4m deep compared
with the surface.
Effect of Depth on Drag Force
![Page 20: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Underwater Kick
![Page 21: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
UW Kick
![Page 22: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Normal Range
10° Less Plantar Flexion
(Toe Pointing)
A 10° increase in plantar flexion created an extra 16N of propulsive force (an extra ~66% peak force).
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
0.2 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.3 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.4
Feet Orig Feet less flexion on downwards only
Downsweep
Propulsion
Drag
UW Kick
![Page 23: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
UW Kick Transition
![Page 24: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Body Position
The 4 H’s
Hand Head Hips Heels
![Page 25: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Freestyle
![Page 26: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
✓✓
Freestyle
![Page 27: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Freestyle
![Page 28: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Freestyle
![Page 29: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Freestyle
![Page 30: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Freestyle
Force component for Left Leg
-50
0
50
100
150
200
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Time (sec)
Fo
rce (
N)
Left Calf Left Foot Total Left Leg
![Page 31: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Kicking During Swimming
• Aim to keep the feet submerged at all times.
Freestyle
![Page 32: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Backstroke
![Page 33: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Hand Press
![Page 34: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Backstroke
![Page 35: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Breaststroke
Traditional
New
![Page 36: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Breaststroke
![Page 37: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Breaststroke
![Page 38: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Butterfly
![Page 39: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Butterfly
![Page 40: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Butterfly
![Page 41: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Dive Start
![Page 42: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Dive Start
![Page 43: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Before and After
Dive Start
![Page 44: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Before and After
![Page 45: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Full Extension in the Air
Entry: 2.97m Entry: 3.36m
![Page 46: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Backstroke Start
![Page 47: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Sequencing: Arm push / upper body drive (Unfold), Leg drive
![Page 48: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Arms streamline
Full leg extension
Head neutral
Backstroke Start
![Page 49: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Arms streamline
Full leg extension
Head neutral
![Page 50: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
No knee bend/flick
Hands apart = Approx 17% increase in drag
![Page 51: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Hold body position on entry – Depth of start
Hold tight body position on entry
![Page 52: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Tumble Turns
![Page 53: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Touch Turns
![Page 54: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Touch Turns
![Page 55: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Touch Turns
![Page 56: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
6.52
5.95
5.605.705.805.906.006.106.206.306.406.506.60
15m Start Time
4.76
4.96
4.40
4.50
4.60
4.70
4.80
4.90
5.00Horizontal Velocity m/s
Skill Development
![Page 57: Swimming Biomechanics in Practice - SportsTG · 2020. 2. 11. · Sport Biomechanics is the application of physics and mechanics to the human body during sport. Biomechanics is a part](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070108/60281d82eb647868141a54d6/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Thank You