This Project is funded by the European Union

SWIM and Horizon 2020 Support Mechanism

Working for a Sustainable Mediterranean, Caring for our Future

SWIM‐H2020 SM Regional Activities-Jordan

Presented by:

Eng. Saleh Al Qur’an, NKE-WEAP Expert

WEAP-ArcSWAT in Drought Management - Methodology For Simulation and Calibration“Advanced Materials”

September 2018, Amman, Jordan

Agenda of 5 Days on-Job Training

▪ Day 1: Demonstration of LDK-WEAP Model Developed for AZ-Basin with Exercise

▪ Day 2: ArcSWAT Hydrological Modeling - SWAT model outputs Interpretation

▪ Day 3: WEAP Scenario Building and Strategy till 2025

▪ Day 4: WEAP-ArcSWAT Integration - Reading Results and integration of WEAP-ArcSWAT

▪ Day 5: Final WEAP Model Building

Formulation of Working Groups

▪ Working Group 1: ArcSWAT Modeling (GIS Experts+Hydrologists)

▪ Working Group 2: WEAP-Scenario Building (Water Policy and Strategy Experts)

▪ Working Group 3: WEAP-Water Supply and Simulation Experts

▪ Working Group 4: WEAP-Water Demand and Simulation Experts

Overview of LDK-WEAP Model in AZ-Basin (GW Over-Abstraction)

A WEAP Model was developed to measure the groundwater over-abstraction inAmman-Zarqa Basin, This model was simulated for 15 years (2001-2015). The modelalso shows the water budgeting and mass-balance in the basin using Simplified Rainfall-Runoff Hydrological Modeling

Aggregated Model1 Catchment1 Groundwater1 GW Safe-yield Balance1 River5 Regions3 sectors

Conceptual Design

1. Modeling GW Recharge (Simulation)2. Considering Demands is the Actual GW Supply (Measured)Unmet Demands is the value where Over-Abstraction is Occurred

1. Modeling GW Recharge (Simulation):Catchment Area using Simplified Rainfall-Runoff Method

Enter the following1. Land-area of the catchment2. Kc3. Effective Precipitation4. Rainfall Data5. Reference Eto

Conceptual Design

1. Modeling GW Recharge (Simulation)2. Considering Demands is the Actual GW Supply (Measured)Unmet Demands is the value where Over-Abstraction is Occurred

2. Actual Supply as Demand (Measured):Demand Node

Enter the following1. Annual Activity Level2. Water Rate Use3. Consumption Percentage

WEAP Results of AZ-Basin Model

Case Study:Amman Zarqa Basin – Drought Management Indicators 2000-2015 – GW Over Abstraction

Land Class Inflows and Outflows

Scenario: Reference, All months (12)

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Million C

ubic

Mete

r

1,200

1,100

1,000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

-100

-200

-300

-400

-500

-600

-700

-800

-900

-1,000

-1,100

-1,200

Evapotranspiration

Flow to Groundwater

Irrigation

Precipitation

Surface Runoff

Model Results – Mass balance

1. Precipitation Data

Catchment Precipitation

Scenario: Reference, Monthly Average

October November December January February March April May June July August September

Millim

ete

r

56

54

52

50

48

46

44

42

40

38

36

34

32

30

28

26

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

4.129531

19.531203

47.118827

53.180575

54.919371

26.314588

8.601274

4.215819

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

AZ Cat.

Rainfall Regime-Distribution AVG. 15 Years218.0111877 mm

2000-2015

1. Precipitation Data

Land Class Inflows and Outflows

Scenario: Reference

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Millim

ete

r

300

200

100

0

-100

-200

-300

174.075342

259.350644

341.375957

183.472888

246.947763

221.506693

168.062888

161.104157

238.213907

164.037729

240.831202

215.618097

183.632211

227.998097

Precipitation

WET

YEA

R3

41

DR

Y Y

EAR

16

1 m

m

Natural Recharge (Groundwater) in MCM

Flow to Groundwater

All months (12)

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Million C

ubic

Mete

r

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

23.30141

82.912565

96.850695

43.972312

41.411784

56.204311

53.743012

25.731168

16.964944

75.254775

49.404424

72.991264

86.621226

60.313175

70.962219

Reference

HIG

HES

T R

ATE

LOW

EST

RA

TE

Groundwater Abstraction (Demand)

Water Demand (not including loss, reuse and DSM)

Scenario: Reference, All months (12)

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Million L

iter

150,000

140,000

130,000

120,000

110,000

100,000

90,000

80,000

70,000

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

0

A. Agricultural

A. Domestic

B. Agricultural

B. Domestic

J. Agricultural

J. Domestic

M. Agricultural

M. Domestic

M. Industrial

Z. Agricultural

Z. Domestic

Z. Industrial

All Others

Over Abstraction %

Over Abstraction %

Mafraq Agriculture

Water Demand (not including loss, reuse and DSM)

All months (12)

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Million C

ubic

Mete

r

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Reference

Increase in Irrigated Agriculture

GW Abstraction for Mafraq Agriculture

Water Demand (not including loss, reuse and DSM)

All months (12)

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Million C

ubic

Mete

r

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Reference

GW Over Pumping

Unmet Demand

Demand Site: M. Agricultural, All months (12)

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Million C

ubic

Mete

r

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Reference

General WEAP Schematic

Amman – Zarqa Basin WEAP Model

Mafraq System

Zarqa System

Amman System

Balqa System

Jerash System

General WEAP Schematic

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WEAP Simulation of Water Cycle vs. Reality

General WEAP Schematic

Water Modeling Mechanism in WEAP

Full accounting of water flows throughout watershed:

❑ Rainfall-runoff modeling❑ Climate-driven evapotranspiration❑Groundwater-surface water interaction❑Programmable operating rules for infrastructure❑ Represent water demands from all sectors

WEAP Rainfall-Runoff Model

- A Catchment Simulation Method- is Based on the following Criteria:

PrecipAvailableForETLC = PrecipHU * AreaLC * 10 -5 * PrecipEffectiveLC

ETpotentialLC = ETreferenceHU * KcLC * AreaLC * 10 -5

PrecipShortfallLC,I = Max ( 0, ETpotentialLC,I - PrecipAvailableForETLC,I )SupplyRequirementLC,I = (1 / IrrFracLC,I ) * PrecipShortfallLC,I

SupplyRequirementHU = S LC,I SupplyRequirementLC,I

WEAP Rainfall-Runoff Model

"crop coefficient": An estimate of consumptive water use by crops based on evapotranspiration values."Effective Precip. ": Effective Precipitation (EP) is the amount of precipitation that is actually added and stored in the soil. During drier periods less than 5mm of daily rainfall would not be considered effective, as this amount of precipitation would likely evaporate from the surface before soaking into the ground. Effective precipitation enters the soil and becomes available to the plant.

Functionality of WEAP

The main menu in WEAP provides access to the most important functions of the program. There are seven sub-menus:

1. Area Menu2. Edit Menu3. View Menu4. General Menu5. Schematic View6. Advanced Menu7. Help Menu

View Bar Contains:1. The Schematic View2. The Data View 3. The Results View4. The Scenario Explorer View5. The Notes View

General WEAP Schematic

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WEAP Simulation of Water Cycle vs. Reality

Pre

cip

itat

ion

Evap

ora

tio

n

GWSupply

DemandSite Dom.

Transfer LineCatchmentArea

Recharge

Ru

no

ff

WWTPReturnLink

Retu

rnLin

k

DemandSite Agr.

Loss to Groundwater Transfer Link

River/Stream

Transpiration

WEAP Concept

1

2

1

2

Domestic

Agriculture

160

60

80

30

30

100

30

▪ How had Satisfied in % each demand site?▪ What Estimate of OutFlow at the Downstream of River 1?

River 1

River 2

Downstream

WEAP Concept

WEAP Concept

GW Demand

WellfieldSpringRiverT. Waste Water…

HouseholdsIndustryIrrigation…

CapacityLossCostAllocation Order…

Transmission Link

Water Transmission Process

GWWells

Reservoir

Pipeline

Pipeline

Pumping Station

Water Transmission in WEAP

Groundwater

DiversionsDemandSite

TransmissionLink

Outflow Point

Inflow Point

General WEAP Schematic

Amman – Zarqa Basin WEAP Model

Mafraq System

Zarqa System

Amman System

Balqa System

Jerash System

General WEAP Schematic

Demand site type

• Private Households

• Commercial

• Tourism

• Industry

• Agriculture

General WEAP Schematic

Water Demand• Private Households :

❖ Population ❖Per capita demand

• Agriculture❖ Irrigated area ❖Crop Water requirement ❖Irrigation Efficiency

Private Household - Demand• Spatial Resolution: District

• Determining factors• Population

• Per-Capita-Demand

• Population growth

𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑒ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡

= 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡 × 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡 × 𝑛𝐷𝑎𝑦𝑠𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ

Water Demand for Zarqa Governorate

First task ‘’ calculate water demandAssume that :

• A demand site

• population is 2.025 million in 2018

• Population growth rate is 2.5 %

• Annual water use (per capita demand) is 280/cubic meter person/ year

• Consumption is 75%