Swelling Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Graft-Poly Acrylamide, Polyacrylic Acid, and...
-
Upload
nurul-ekmi -
Category
Education
-
view
748 -
download
6
description
Transcript of Swelling Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Graft-Poly Acrylamide, Polyacrylic Acid, and...
![Page 1: Swelling Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Graft-Poly Acrylamide, Polyacrylic Acid, and Poly(Acrylic Acid-co- Acrylamide)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/5591bf921a28ab9b5c8b46e0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SWELLING PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT SWELLING PROPERTIES OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH-GRAFT-POLY ACRYLAMIDE, POLYACRYLIC BUNCH-GRAFT-POLY ACRYLAMIDE, POLYACRYLIC ACID, AND POLY(ACRYLIC ACID-CO-ACRYLAMIDE)ACID, AND POLY(ACRYLIC ACID-CO-ACRYLAMIDE)
Nurul Ekmi Rabat, Nurul Ekmi Rabat,
Shahrir Hashim, Shahrir Hashim,
Ila Najaa Ali BadaruddinIla Najaa Ali Badaruddin
![Page 2: Swelling Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Graft-Poly Acrylamide, Polyacrylic Acid, and Poly(Acrylic Acid-co- Acrylamide)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/5591bf921a28ab9b5c8b46e0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Why produce?Why produce?
• Non-biodegradable and expensive. • Pollution• Overdose urea lost through leaching or
volatilization• OPEFB -waste and unutilized.
2
![Page 3: Swelling Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Graft-Poly Acrylamide, Polyacrylic Acid, and Poly(Acrylic Acid-co- Acrylamide)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/5591bf921a28ab9b5c8b46e0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
![Page 4: Swelling Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Graft-Poly Acrylamide, Polyacrylic Acid, and Poly(Acrylic Acid-co- Acrylamide)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/5591bf921a28ab9b5c8b46e0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
alleviating environmental impact lowering application frequency
Improve nutrition of plants decrease fertilizer loss rate
supplying nutrients sustainablyminimizing the potential negative effects associated with unused fertilizer
![Page 5: Swelling Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Graft-Poly Acrylamide, Polyacrylic Acid, and Poly(Acrylic Acid-co- Acrylamide)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/5591bf921a28ab9b5c8b46e0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
SRFSRF
Swelling Behavior Test
Water Swelling CapacitySwelling RateReswelling Ability
AUL
AA or AAm or AA/AAm
(monomer)
MBA
(crosslinker)
APS (initiator)
OPEFB (filler)NaOH (neutralization)
Urea
(Fertilizer)
Materials & ProcessMaterials & Process
![Page 6: Swelling Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Graft-Poly Acrylamide, Polyacrylic Acid, and Poly(Acrylic Acid-co- Acrylamide)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/5591bf921a28ab9b5c8b46e0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
0% OPEFB 5% OPEFB
![Page 7: Swelling Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Graft-Poly Acrylamide, Polyacrylic Acid, and Poly(Acrylic Acid-co- Acrylamide)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/5591bf921a28ab9b5c8b46e0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Water Absorbency Water Absorbency Capacity Capacity
7
112 /)( mmmQeq 112 /)( mmmQeq
2) highest WAC 5wt% OPEFB-g-(PAA-co-PAAm) 40.08g/g.
1) WAC slowly increased, OPEFB increased
3) WAC decrease ,amount of OPEFB increased15 wt%.
![Page 8: Swelling Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Graft-Poly Acrylamide, Polyacrylic Acid, and Poly(Acrylic Acid-co- Acrylamide)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/5591bf921a28ab9b5c8b46e0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Swelling Rate of Swelling Rate of HydrogelsHydrogels
8
1) water absorbed rapidly
2) increases slowly
synerisis phenomena
3) reach equilibrium
![Page 9: Swelling Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Graft-Poly Acrylamide, Polyacrylic Acid, and Poly(Acrylic Acid-co- Acrylamide)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/5591bf921a28ab9b5c8b46e0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Reswelling Ability Reswelling Ability
9
The WAC of all hydrogels decreases with the increase of re-swelling times
![Page 10: Swelling Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Graft-Poly Acrylamide, Polyacrylic Acid, and Poly(Acrylic Acid-co- Acrylamide)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/5591bf921a28ab9b5c8b46e0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Measurement of Absorption Measurement of Absorption Under Load (AUL)Under Load (AUL)
10
OPEFB-g-PAA weakest gel strength and low ability to keep the water absorbed in the center of the gel
![Page 11: Swelling Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Graft-Poly Acrylamide, Polyacrylic Acid, and Poly(Acrylic Acid-co- Acrylamide)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/5591bf921a28ab9b5c8b46e0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ConclusionsConclusions
• OPEFB-g-PAAm, OPEFB-g-PAA and OPEFB-g-(PAA-co-PAAm) synthesized.
• Swelling behaviours of 5 wt % OPEFB-g-(PAA-co-PAAm) better than OPEFB-g-PAAm and OPEFB-g-PAA.
• OPEFB enhances swelling behaviours
of hydrogel
11
![Page 12: Swelling Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Graft-Poly Acrylamide, Polyacrylic Acid, and Poly(Acrylic Acid-co- Acrylamide)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/5591bf921a28ab9b5c8b46e0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Biopolymer Research Group (BRG)Faculty of Chemical Engineering
(FKK)Universiti Teknologi Malaysi(UTM) Ministry of Higher Education of
Malaysia (MOHE)
12