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Swedish Energy Agenda _ Sweden's waste and energy strategy
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Transcript of Swedish Energy Agenda _ Sweden's waste and energy strategy
Policy Instruments and Best Practices from Swedish Sustainable Transport Solutions
- an integrated approach
Ludvig Lindström
Swedish Energy Agency
• Background - Experiences
• Driving factors
• Case – biogas for transports
• Success factors
• In the crystal ball
Swedish Sustainable Transport Solutions- an integrated approach
BACKGROUND – OUR EXPERIENCEwe have an amazing story to share!
BNP in relation to emissions
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Year
Inde
x yr
199
0=10
0
CO2e
BNP, fixed prices
SO2
NOx
VOC
Unique results
Waste - a resource
Treatment of household waste in Sweden, 2012 (%) and the resources produced from it
Material recyclingBiological recyclingEnergy recoveryLandfill
32
15
52
Public and PrivateStakeholders
Waste
Construction
Water andWaste Water
EnergyTraffic and Transport
Urban functionsSocial functions
Urban Planning
SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT – FROM SILO TO SYNERGY
SUSTAINABILITY BY SWEDEN
Food Waste
Food Waste
COUNTRYSIDE
CITY
Biogas train230 km
Waste Water Waste WaterWWTP WWTP
Bio
fert
ilzer
.....Glycerols
Biogazownia
Food Waste
Waste Waste
Electricity Electricity
Heat & hot tap water Heat & hot tap water
SludgeSludge
Biogas PlantBiogas Plant
CHP CHP
Steam
CHPCHP
Grain
Bio
etan
ol
BioethanolRefinery
Fee
din
g S
tuff
Biol. waste
Heat
Biogas Plant
Pla
nts
Food Industry
Meat, milk, vegetables
Food
Restaurants
Biogas Plant
Veg. oils
Restaurants
BiodieselPlant
Bio
die
sel
CHP
Biogas Grid
Vehicle FuelVehicle Fuel
V.F.
V.F.
Biogas Plant
Biogas Plant Biogas Plant
Bio
fert
ilzer
Waste
Cooling (absorption) Cooling (electrical)
Bio
die
sel
Bio
fertilizer
Forestry and agriculture waste and energy crops
Forestry and agriculture waste and energy cropsBiofertillizer BiofertilizerBiofertilizer Biofertilizer
Heat
IndustriesLinköping 140 000 inhabitants Norrköping 130 000 inhabitants
Biogas PlantP
lan
ts
Food Waste
Food Waste
COUNTRYSIDE
CITY
Biogas train230 km
Waste Water Waste WaterWWTP WWTP
Bio
fert
ilzer
.....Glycerols
Biogazownia
Food Waste
Waste Waste
Electricity Electricity
Heat & hot tap water Heat & hot tap water
SludgeSludge
Biogas PlantBiogas Plant
CHP CHP
Steam
CHPCHP
Grain
Bio
etan
ol
BioethanolRefinery
Fee
din
g S
tuff
Biol. waste
Heat
Pla
nts
Food Industry
Meat, milk, vegetables
Food
Restaurants
Biogas Plant
Veg. oils
Restaurants
BiodieselPlant
Bio
die
sel
CHP
Biogas Grid
Vehicle FuelVehicle Fuel
V.F.
V.F.
Biogas Plant
Biogas Plant Biogas Plant
Bio
fert
ilzer
Waste
Cooling (absorption) Cooling (electrical)
Bio
die
sel
Bio
fertilizer
Forestry and agriculture waste and energy crops
Forestry and agriculture waste and energy cropsBiofertillizer BiofertilizerBiofertilizer Biofertilizer
Heat
IndustriesLinköping 140 000 inhabitants Norrköping 130 000 inhabitants
Biogas PlantP
lan
ts
From silo to synergies
More efficient cars – decrease in fuel demand 34%
2011 – 2012, 2% decrease of energy use in the transport sector
EU target 2020: 10% of vehicle fuels to be renewable
Sweden 2012; 12,6%. 2013; 15,6% (prel)
Transport sector - More energy efficient and increasing share of renewable vehicle fuels
DRIVING FACTORS
Policy instruments - Market Based and General
• Energy tax since 1950’s• Increased rates during 1970’s to reduce
dependence of oil (oil crisis)• CO2-tax in 1991 – to reduce the use of fossil fuels• Ban on waste deposits
• Green tax shift in 2001• Green Certificates (2003)• Emissions Trading (2005)• Tax Reduction on Biofuels for Transport• Research, Innovation & Development• International Cooperation
Municipal waste planning compulsory
Clear national targets and long-term regulations and economical steering instruments
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
Producers’ responsibility introduced
Landfill taxintroduced
Ban on combustible waste to landfill
Ban on organic waste landfill
Household waste to landfill per year (tonnes)
National target on food waste recycling
50 %
Driving factors
A system based on resource focus
Combustible wasteFood waste
ProductsDistrict energy
BiofertilizerBiogas Electricity
Hazardous waste
Direct environmental
benifit
Petrol saved and industrial fertilizer saved
Fossil and other fuels saved
Virgin materials and energy saved
Environmental protection costs saved
Materials
A system based on finding the value of the resources
Combustible wasteFood waste
ProductsDistrict energy
BiofertilizerBiogas Electricity
Hazardous waste
Direct environmental
benifit
Petrol saved and industrial fertilizer saved
Fossil and other fuels saved
Virgin materials and energy saved
Environmental protection costs saved
Materials
Why is a Swedish W2E Plant so profitable?
Revenues from selling power
Income from selling heat, hot tap water, cooling, process steam
Gate-fee for receving waste paid by the citicens
34 plants:
• Receiving 50 000 – 700 000 tonnes yearly (2012: 32 plants)
• Recovering annually– totally 5 042 000
tonnes
– of which 2 270 000 tonnes municipal waste
• Gate fee average 500 SEK/tonnes
CASE – BIOGAS FOR TRANSPORTS
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
WWTPCo-digestion LandfillsIndustrialFarm-based
GW
h y-
1
Source: Production and usage of biogas 2012
Production in Sweden
Biogas production in Sweden
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
WWTPCo-digestion LandfillsIndustrialFarm-based
GW
h y-
1
TypeNo of plants 2012
WWTP 135
Co-digestion 21
Industrial 5
Farm-based 26Source: Production and usage of biogas 2012
Biogas production in Sweden
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
WWTPCo-digestion LandfillsIndustrialFarm-based
GW
h y-
1
TypeNo of plants 2012
WWTP 135
Co-digestion 21
Industrial 5
Farm-based 26Source: Production and usage of biogas 2012
During 2012, 353 GWh vehicle-fuel was produced from foodwaste replacing about 30 millions liters of petrol. 725 000 tonnes biofertilizer is produced yearly in Sweden.
Biogas production in Sweden
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
WWTPCo-digestion LandfillsIndustrialFarm-based
GW
h y-
1
TypeNo of plants 2012
WWTP 135
Co-digestion 21
Industrial 5
Farm-based 26Source: Production and usage of biogas 2012
Biogas usage in Sweden
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
HeatElectricityUp-gradingFlaredG
Wh
y-1
Source: Production and usage of biogas 2012
Public and non-public filling stations for vehicle gas in Sweden
Source: Swedish Gas Association
public Non-public
Uppsala
Helsingborg
Jönköping
Borås
Göteborg
Örebro
Malmö
Västervik
Stockholm
Motala
Biogas Buses
Success factors
• General policies and aspiring environmental goals combined with defined investment subsidy programmes showing the direction and long-term regulations and economical steering instruments
• Waste management is a public service - holistic system view, an integrated part of the sustainable society. Co-operation within municipalites (Waste-, Energy-, Water-, Urban- planning-, etc departements)
• Co-operation between municipalities. Choose the right scale - Build competence
• Driving spirits in municipalities• Collaboration between public and private
sectors, with clear division of roles and responsibilities
• A system based on source separation with focus on communication and public engagement
• A system based on resource recovery • Strong R.I.D.• Patience
Material recycling
Biological recycling
Energy recovery
Landfill
In the crystal ball
GoBiGasGazification of forest residuesStep one; 20 MWStep two; 80 – 100 MW2020 Target: 1 TWh = 100 000 cars
Preem ACP Evolution Diesel:
30% renewable resource > reduction of CO2
SunPine - PnP > Black liqour > Tall Oil
The reduction is equal to the emissions from 174 000 cars
New substrates from forest industry, sea and agriculture
More efficient biological processes thanks to better pretreatment and process technology
Liquefied biogas
Regional gas grids mainly relying on biogas
Innovative people learn together
Thank you