Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell...
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![Page 1: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Swede Midge Introduction, Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and BiologyDamage and Biology
Cornell Cooperative Extension
Christy Hoepting
Cornell Cooperative Extension
Vegetable Program
![Page 2: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Swede Midge• Serious insect pest of cruciferous plants:
– vegetables (i.e. broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, collards, swede/turnip, Asian vegetables (i.e. bok choy, etc.)
– canola– weeds (i.e. shepherd’s purse, wild mustard)– Ornamental crucifers
• Common and endemic in Europe:– Known since late 1800s– Major pest in Belgium, Germany, Switzerland,
Netherlands, France, Poland and Slovania
![Page 3: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Swede Midge in North America
• 2000: first identification in Ontario, Canada (Hallett & Heal)– Symptoms observed at least since 1996, but
erroneously attributed to a molybdenum deficiency
• Economic losses occur in Canada and in parts of New York State:– up to 85% losses– Especially in organic and small-scale operations
![Page 4: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Swede Midge: Adult
Adult female Adult male
![Page 5: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Length: 0.3 mmWidth: 0.08 mm
Swede midge: eggs
Deep in the youngest actively growing vegetative tissue
![Page 6: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Swede midge: larvae
0.3 to 3-4 mm
![Page 7: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Damage: Blind head, brown scarring at growing point
broccoli
![Page 8: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Damage: Leaf puckering
Green cabbage
![Page 9: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Damage: Leaf puckering
broccoli
![Page 10: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Damage: Leaf puckering
Red cabbage
![Page 11: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Damage: Leaf puckering
cauliflower
![Page 12: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Damage: Multiple shoots, growing points
broccoli
![Page 13: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Damage: Multiple small heads
Red cabbage
![Page 14: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Damage: Brown corky scarring in head
cauliflower
![Page 15: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Damage: Brown corky scarring in head
broccoli
![Page 16: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Damage: Brown corky scarring in head
Green cabbage
![Page 17: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Damage: Secondary soft rot
![Page 18: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Swede midge larvae in an infested growing tip
![Page 19: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Damage: Swollen Flower Buds
![Page 20: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Damage: Swollen Florets
broccoli
![Page 21: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Swede midge damage in canola
![Page 22: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Field pennycress
Swede midge damage on weeds
![Page 23: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Swede Midge Damage Severity
Increases…• as number of larvae per
plant increases• the earlier in
development that the plant is infested
• later in the season as the population builds
• in sheltered areas near hedgerows, buildings, treelines
Crucifers are susceptible to swede midge all season long
![Page 24: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Swede Midge Life CycleEggs ~0.3 mm
Transparent to creamy white
2-50 eggs/cluster100 eggs /female
Larvae ~0.3 to 3-4 mmTransparent on first hatch to yellow
when mature, feed gregariously at plant growing tip
Pupae ~2-4 mmmost within top 2 cm of soil,
Optimum 25-75% soil moisture for emergence
Pre-pupae
Adults ~1.5 to 2 mm 4-5 over-lapping generations
Overwintering Cocoons
Survive in soil > 1 year
Mating1-5 days
Soil
3 days
drou
ght
moi
stu
re
May-JuneJuly
July-AugustAugust
Sept - Oct
Emergemid-May
7-21 days7-14 days
21-44 daysper generation
![Page 25: Swede Midge Introduction, Damage and Biology Cornell Cooperative Extension Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051418/56649d135503460f949e6cd7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Jun
2-Ju
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Jun
5 - J
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Jun
8-Ju
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Jun1
3-Ju
n16
Jun
16-J
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0
Jun
20-J
un 2
3
Jun
23-J
un 2
7
Jun
27- J
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0
Jun
30-J
ul 4
Jul 4
- Ju
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Jul 7
-Jul
10
Jul 1
0-Ju
l 14
Jul 1
4-Ju
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Jul 1
8 - J
ul 21
Jul 2
1-Ju
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Jul 2
5 - J
ul 28
Jul 2
8 - J
ul 31
Jul 3
1 - A
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Aug 4
- Aug
8
Aug 8
- Aug
11
Aug 1
1 - A
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5
Aug 1
5 - A
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8
Aug 1
8 - A
ug 2
2
Aug 2
2 - A
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5
Aug 2
5 - A
ug 3
0
Aug 3
0 - S
ept 5
To
tal
# S
M C
aptu
red
on
3 T
rap
s
Wellington CtyHamilton/Wentworth CtySimcoe Cty
J. Allen, M. Paibomesai and H. Fraser, 2006
2006 Swede Midge Trap Activity – Ontario, Canada