INDUSTRIAL TRAINING INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORTREPORT

(SIX WEEKS)(SIX WEEKS)ATAT

SWARAJ TRACTOR DIVISIONSWARAJ TRACTOR DIVISION( PHASE-4,MOHALI )( PHASE-4,MOHALI )

INTRODUCTION TO THE SWARAJINTRODUCTION TO THE SWARAJ

OrganizationOrganization:- :- Established on 27Established on 27thth of June 1970. of June 1970.

Location:-Location:- The factory is located at Sahibzada Ajit The factory is located at Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, an important industrial town in Punjab, 5 km Singh Nagar, an important industrial town in Punjab, 5 km

fromfrom Chandigarh.Chandigarh.

Growth:- Growth:- PTL started with an annual capacity of 5000 PTL started with an annual capacity of 5000 tractors with a capital of Rs.37 millions.tractors with a capital of Rs.37 millions.

• PTL consist of three divisions:PTL consist of three divisions:• Swaraj Tractor Division (STD), Mohali.Swaraj Tractor Division (STD), Mohali.• Swaraj Foundry Division (SFD) ,Mazri.Swaraj Foundry Division (SFD) ,Mazri.• Swaraj Combine Division (SCD), Chapparcheri.CHAPPARSwaraj Combine Division (SCD), Chapparcheri.CHAPPAR

• Swaraj Tractor Division:-Swaraj Tractor Division:- Construction Work – March 1972Construction Work – March 1972 Commercial production – April 1974Commercial production – April 1974

• Swaraj R&D UnitSwaraj R&D Unit:- :- 1.research of new 1.research of new

models of tractor.models of tractor. 2.modification 2.modification

in old models is being done.in old models is being done.

The Various Processes Occurs UnderThe Various Processes Occurs Under SWARAJ SWARAJ

TRACTOR DIVISION Are As UnderTRACTOR DIVISION Are As Under:-:-

• Light Machine ShopLight Machine Shop• Heavy Machine ShopHeavy Machine Shop• Assembly ShopAssembly Shop• Paint ShopPaint Shop• Tool RoomTool Room• Heat TreatmentHeat Treatment• R & D Deptt.R & D Deptt.

LMS SHOPLMS SHOP

INTRODUCTION:-INTRODUCTION:- 1.All shafts , gears, bushes which are 1.All shafts , gears, bushes which are used in tractors are manufactured here.used in tractors are manufactured here.

2.Most of machines are of HMT( for gear shaver) and 2.Most of machines are of HMT( for gear shaver) and GERMAN (for bevel gear) GERMAN (for bevel gear)

Machines used in LMS:-Machines used in LMS:-

1.Planer machine1.Planer machine

2.Hand Lathe2.Hand Lathe

3.Universal Milling Machine3.Universal Milling Machine

4.Grinding Machine4.Grinding Machine

5.Hydraulic Press 5.Hydraulic Press

6.Bevel Generator 6.Bevel Generator

7.CNC Machines7.CNC Machines

Manufacturing OperationsManufacturing Operations:-:-FacingFacingUnder cuttingUnder cuttingChamferingChamferingFinish turningFinish turningGrooving Grooving KnurlingKnurlingBroachingBroachingDrillingDrillingBoringBoringGrindingGrindingHobbingHobbingShapingShaping

Component Machined in ShopComponent Machined in Shop::

1)1) Bull pinion shaft (L&R)Bull pinion shaft (L&R)

2)2) Bull pinion (L&R)Bull pinion (L&R)

3)3) GearsGears

4)4) Idler clusterIdler cluster

5)5) Input shaftInput shaft

6)6) Intermediate shaftIntermediate shaft

7)7) Lay shaftLay shaft

8)8) Internal gearsInternal gears

9)9) BushesBushes

10)10) Cage assy (L&R)Cage assy (L&R)

11)11) Cross & etcCross & etc

HEAVY MACHINE SHOPHEAVY MACHINE SHOP IntroductionIntroduction:-:-All heavy casting of tractor machined in this All heavy casting of tractor machined in this

shop.shop.• The major operation carried out are milling , boring , tapping , The major operation carried out are milling , boring , tapping ,

champhering, finishing etcchamphering, finishing etc.. Types of machineTypes of machine : : radial drilling machineradial drilling machine Hergebret machineHergebret machine Vertical milling machineVertical milling machine Horizontal milling machineHorizontal milling machine Simplex milling machineSimplex milling machine Duplex milling machineDuplex milling machine LatheLathe Double end boring machineDouble end boring machine Automatic lathe Automatic lathe SPM (special purpose machine)SPM (special purpose machine)

List of major component machined in List of major component machined in H.M.S:-H.M.S:-

Differential housingDifferential housing Gear boxGear box Trumpet housing Trumpet housing Rear axleRear axle

PAINT SHOPPAINT SHOPThe paint shop can be classified into following sections:-The paint shop can be classified into following sections:-

1)1) CHASSIS PAINTING AREA CHASSIS PAINTING AREA

2)2) PRE TREATMENT AREAPRE TREATMENT AREA

3)3) JOIST PAINTING AREAJOIST PAINTING AREA4)4) FINAL PAINTING AREAFINAL PAINTING AREA

ASSEMBLY SHOPASSEMBLY SHOP ASSEMBLYASSEMBLY:: The process of joining various constituents to form a The process of joining various constituents to form a

final product.final product. Assembly of the tractor is divided in to two sectionsAssembly of the tractor is divided in to two sections::• Before paint assembly shop• After paint assembly shop

Before Paint Assembly ShopBefore Paint Assembly Shop::This shop is further divided into five loops namely:This shop is further divided into five loops namely:

a)a) Differential loopDifferential loop

b)b) Engine loopEngine loop

c)c) Hydraulic rear cover loopHydraulic rear cover loop

d)d) Gearbox loopGearbox loop

e)e) Engine coupling loopEngine coupling loop

DIFFERENTIAL LOOPDIFFERENTIAL LOOP:: FunctionFunction:-:- When the wheels are driven positively by engine , a device is When the wheels are driven positively by engine , a device is

necessary which make the wheels move at different speed on necessary which make the wheels move at different speed on turns and equal speed on straight path.turns and equal speed on straight path.

To accomplished this purpose a system of gear called “ To accomplished this purpose a system of gear called “ Differential System “ is provided.Differential System “ is provided.

differential has the following two function:- differential has the following two function:-

1.1. On st.traveling path it allows both the rear wheels of tractor to On st.traveling path it allows both the rear wheels of tractor to get equal power.get equal power.

2.2. On turns, it allows the inner wheel to move slower than the On turns, it allows the inner wheel to move slower than the outer wheels.outer wheels.

the assembly of the differential system is done thethe assembly of the differential system is done the following followingmannermanner::1.1. Differential castingDifferential casting2.2. The cage assembly is done which includes:The cage assembly is done which includes: Crown wheel, Tail pinion assembly, Roller bearing, bevel wheels , cross , Crown wheel, Tail pinion assembly, Roller bearing, bevel wheels , cross ,

bevel pinions.bevel pinions.3.3. BP shaft Left & Right.BP shaft Left & Right.4.4. Meshing of crown wheel and tail pinionMeshing of crown wheel and tail pinion..5.5. Weight test.Weight test.6.6. PTO shaft.PTO shaft. 7.7. Rear axle/trumpet tube.Rear axle/trumpet tube.8.8. PTO shifter assembly.PTO shifter assembly.9.9. Gear box .Gear box .10.10. Rear cover .Rear cover .11.11. Disc brakes.Disc brakes.12.12. Trailer hook.Trailer hook.13.13. Angel bracket.Angel bracket.14.14. Rocker link.Rocker link.15.15. footboardfootboard16.16. Clutch pedalClutch pedal. .

GEAR BOXGEAR BOXThe power transmission is done to the wheels with the help ofThe power transmission is done to the wheels with the help offollowing important parts:following important parts:• ClutchClutch• Gear box Gear box • DifferentialDifferential• Rear axlesRear axles

So Gear box is a power transmitting part of vehicles .So Gear box is a power transmitting part of vehicles . Pulling power can be or Pulling power can be or Convert forward motion into reverse motion.Convert forward motion into reverse motion. Convert power of engine running at high speed into low speed at Convert power of engine running at high speed into low speed at

high torque (for starting). high torque (for starting). Disconnect engine from rear wheels. Disconnect engine from rear wheels. Working principleWorking principle::

Horse power Horse power H.P.=k*T*NH.P.=k*T*N where, k= const. , T= torque , N= rotational speedwhere, k= const. , T= torque , N= rotational speed

Gear Box TypesGear Box Types::o Selective gearbox:Selective gearbox: a) sliding mesha) sliding mesh b) constant meshb) constant mesh c) synchronous typec) synchronous typeo Planetary gear transmissionPlanetary gear transmission o Automatic gearboxAutomatic gearbox

Gear Box AssemblyGear Box Assembly::1.1. Gear box housingGear box housing2.2. Lay & intermediate shaft are assembledLay & intermediate shaft are assembled3.3. Idler clusterIdler cluster4.4. Drive shaft & input shaft assembledDrive shaft & input shaft assembled5.5. Output shaft assembledOutput shaft assembled6.6. Shifter lock , shifter rodShifter lock , shifter rod7.7. Shifter forksShifter forks8.8. Planet gear & carrier (hi-low mech.)Planet gear & carrier (hi-low mech.)9.9. Locking washersLocking washers10.10. Steering mechanismSteering mechanism

REAR COVER REAR COVER Rear cover is mounted on the differential assembly & perform Rear cover is mounted on the differential assembly & perform

various other operations.various other operations.

Layout of Rear cover Assembly Layout of Rear cover Assembly

Rear covercasting

Cylinderassembly

Control valveassembly

ResponseValve

Assembly &Sensor tube

attached

Testing of rear cover for any leakage

Rear Cover AssemblyRear Cover Assembly :- :-1.1. Rear cover castingRear cover casting

2.2. Rocker shaftRocker shaft

3.3. The cylinder, rocker arm, connecting rod fittedThe cylinder, rocker arm, connecting rod fitted

4.4. Bracket & levers Bracket & levers

5.5. The response & control valveThe response & control valve

6.6. Sensor tubeSensor tube

7.7. TestingTesting

DISMOUNTING STAGEDISMOUNTING STAGEThe Dismounting Stage is divided into 5 stages:The Dismounting Stage is divided into 5 stages:

Stage 1Stage 1:- :- Alternator, horn, brake rod, brake switchAlternator, horn, brake rod, brake switch connection, connection, fan belt.fan belt.

Stage 2Stage 2:- :- Speedometer wire, rear frame, fuel tank, overflow pipe, Speedometer wire, rear frame, fuel tank, overflow pipe, felt pad.felt pad.

Stage 3:- Fan, radiator, hose pipe, dash board & its cover, number plate.

Stage 4:- Battery, steering wheel, head light, clutch connection, knob & cover, hook & slide panel, sealing.

Stage 5:- Seat, sheet metal covers, tyre fixing, battery cover, engine oil pouring & greasing, stickers.

THANK YOUTHANK YOU