SW 644: Issues in Developmental DisabilitiesSelf-Determination Part II

Lecture Presenters:Dennis Harkins

INDIVIDUAL

Subjective

Personal

Can best be known by self, and for some people by those who best know and care about the person(Family often play that role)

COMMUNITY & CULTURE

Place

Culture/Values/Beliefs

SERVICE SYSTEM & GOVT.

Public Bureaucracies(DHFS,DPI,DVR)

Counties, CMOs, and Schools

Provider and Health Care

AgenciesProfessionals/Paraprofessionals

Political Systems

Integrating Support & Services to People with Disabilities in Wisconsin

Institutions Created

Institutional & Societal Rejection and Exclusion

1848 – 1900sProtection of people with disabilities

1900s – 1940sSegregationLaws forbid people with disabilities from marryingPeople with disabilities sterilizedDegrading, inhumane conditions within institutionsPeople with disabilities part of the holocaust in Germany

Unfolding of Services and Support to People with Developmental Disabilities (1848 – 1940s)

Institutional Reform

Attention to medical and developmental needs

Community of peers and paid staff

1940s – 1970sParent movement beganThe ARC is founded in 1948; UCP soon afterFirst worked to reform institutions, which continued to grow196,000 people in public institutions by 1969

Exposed inhumane conditionsWorked with staff and administrators

Federal and state advocacyBegan daytime and sheltered work services without public dollarsBy 1960s were actively working as advocates to: Change and create laws; Create a right to education; Require funding of community servicesBegan using state and federal courts

PARC vs. Pennsylvania: 1969-71

Unfolding of Services and Support to People with Developmental Disabilities (1940s – 1970s)

Community ProgramsAttention to medical and developmental needsCommunity of peers and paid staffPhysical presence in neighborhood, community and school

1970sThe decade of changeDay activities and sheltered work expandGroup homes created – 1972 in WisconsinCommunity programs created (1974: 51.42/.437 Legislation)Right to education passed (1973 Wisconsin: 1975 Federal)Birth to 3 programs widespreadDeinstitutionalization begins“Developmental model” added to “Medical model”Independent Living Movement begins – 1971Normalization emerges – deepens understanding of systematic ‘devaluation” of people with disabilities.

Unfolding of Services and Support to People with Developmental Disabilities (1970s – 1980s)

Community Membership, and …Attention to medical and developmental needsCommunity of peers and paid staffPhysical presence in neighborhood, community and schoolCommunity includes citizens without disabilitiesSupported living and employmentFamily SupportInclusion in regular classrooms

… Self-Determination

1980sPhysical presence is not enoughFamily support begins within statesCOP & CIP in WisconsinSelf-Advocacy beginsFocus on helping people obtain community employmentFocus on helping people live in typical homesPerson-Centered Planning emergesDeinstitutionalization continues

Unfolding of Services and Support to People with Developmental Disabilities (1980s)

… Self-DeterminationAttention to medical and developmental needsCommunity of peers and paid staffPhysical presence in neighborhood, community and school Community includes citizens without disabilitiesSupported living and employmentFamily SupportInclusion in regular classrooms

Each person, in the company of others who care, crafts a meaningful life in neighborhood and community

1990s - TodayHome and Community-Based Services expand dramaticallyNew Hampshire, followed by 10 other states close public institutionsIncreasing awareness and acceptance of disabilitiesSelf-determination as “systems change” begins in New HampshireSupported living and home ownership growOlmstead Supreme Court Decision Family Care Pilots in Wisconsin include self-determination (defined as Self-Directed Supports)Family Care expansion (2007)Deinstitutionalization continues

Unfolding of Services and Support to People with Developmental Disabilities (1990s - Today)