Suwm in kabupaten bekasi, indonesia, challenges and opportunities
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Transcript of Suwm in kabupaten bekasi, indonesia, challenges and opportunities
SUSTAINABLE URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT IN KABUPATEN BEKASI, INDONESIACHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIESRADEN AJENG KOESOEMO ROEKMI
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, DEAKIN UNIVERSITY
I N T E R N AT I O N A L C O N F E R E N C E O N S U S TA I N A B L E WAT E R M A N A G E M E N T, P E R T H , 2 9 N O V – 4 D E C 2 0 1 5
OVERVIEW OF KABUPATEN BEKASI
Total Area: 127,388 ha
Total: 23 districts
Urban Areas: 12 districts
Population 2013: 3,002,112 people
Urban Areas: 2,360,660 people
Population Growth: 4.78
Population density:
Average: 24 person per ha
Highest: 109 person per ha
Industrial Estates: 9 areas
Industrial Companies: 3000 companies
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INDONESIA
79 % population
URBAN PIPED WATER SUPPLYPublic water utilities: PDAM Tirta Bhagasasi◦ Service coverage is less than 20 % of total population
◦ 22 % water loss from production and 30 % from distribution
◦ 18.15 m3 average water consumption per connection per month
◦ Low water quality and continuity
Private water utilities (Housing and Industrial Park Developers & Private companies)◦ Together with PDAM share less than 30 % coverage in urban
areas
◦ Services are varied
◦ Less government monitoring:◦ no government monitoring on water quality
◦ State their own water price, some use PDAM price as benchmark
WATER VENDORSWater carriers◦ Get bulk water from (private) piped water
services
◦ Distribute to water refilled kiosks and residential
◦ No government monitoring on pricing and quality
Water refilled kiosks◦ Get bulk water from water carriers
◦ Supply water for drinking purposes
◦ 33 % samples were contaminated by coliform bacteria
GROUNDWATER WITHDRAWAL
◦ Groundwater withdrawal in Indonesia:93 % for water supply, 2 % for agriculture & 5 % for industry
◦ For domestic use:◦ Individually
◦ Each houses can pump groundwater for daily consumption
◦ Communally
◦ Recent condition in Kabupaten Bekasi:◦ Increased damaged zone from 1.93 km2 (2010) to 5.73 km2 in 2012
◦ Subsidence rate in 2009 was 10.6 cm per year
◦ Residential groundwater sample contain high concentration of Nitrate, Mangese, Iron and coliform
LEGEND
Non aquifer
Recharge zone
Save zone
Disturbed zone
Critical zone
Damaged zone
2006 2012
Groundwater Zone in Bekasi Karawang Aquifer, Source: ESDM Jabar
Groundwater zone
Contaminated/damaged zone : • TDS > 100,000 mg/l
or electrical conductivity > 5,000 µS/cm
• Decrease groundwater table > 80 %
• Decrease phreatic > 80 %
• Decrease piezometric> 80 %
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60 m2 residential plot site plan
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Common 60 m2 Plot Site Plan Source: caramendesainrumah.com
Bedroom
Bedroom
Living room
Dining room
Kitchen
Water Source
Septic Tank
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Current river quality: 18 rivers are highly polluted
INDUSTRY
◦ Each industrial estates have their owned WWTP
RESIDENTIAL
◦ No city WWTP, but there is a black water plant with capacity of 150 m3 for the whole region
◦ There is a project of domestic WWTP that service 70 houses
Domestic waste dumping near on riverbankSource: Google Map, 2015
Makeshift Latrine, KedungwaringinPhotographer: Ahmad Ahyad
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Urban water supply
◦ Improvement on public water company services:◦Decreasing water loss
◦ Improving water service continuity
◦Maintaining water quality
◦ Expanding coverage
PROPOSAL FOR IMPROVEMENT
• Regulation for private water companies
• Service coverage
• Water pricing
• Maintain water continuity and quality
• Regulation for water vendors
• Monitor water quality
Groundwater withdrawal
◦Monitoring groundwater withdrawal and recharge
◦ Prevent illegal groundwater withdrawal by industries and domestic economic activities (laundry, car wash)
◦ Expanding and improving community based water supply system
PROPOSAL FOR IMPROVEMENT
Regulation for new housing complex development
◦ Provide water supply other than groundwater pumping (piped water supply, install individual or communal rainwater harvesting or provide community based water supply system), especially in dry area
◦ Provide communal waste water treatment plant
PROPOSAL FOR IMPROVEMENT
Communal WWT Project
R. A. Koesoemo RoekmiSchool of Engineering
Deakin UniversityGeelong, VIC 3216, Australia
THANK YOU