SUTI Report for 2008 Calabar Carnival

PUBLIC PRESENTATION OF THE RESEARCH REPORT ON THE SOCIO-

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF 2008 CALABAR CARNIVAL FESTIVAL

PRESENTED

BY

BASSEY B ESU (Phd)

COORDINATOR

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM INITIATIVE NO 44 MARIAN ROAD CALABAR

NIGERIASutinigeriaYahooCom08034740556

AT

THE CONFERENCE HALL OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM ON THE 28TH JULY 2009

1

PUBLIC PRESENTATION OF THE RESEARCH REPORT ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS

OF 2008 CALABAR CARNIVAL FESTIVAL

PRESENTED

BY

BASSEY B ESU (PhD)

COORDINATOR

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM INITIATIVE

No 44 MARIAN ROAD CALABAR NIGERIA sutinigeriayahoocom 08034740556

RESEARCH TEAM MEMBERS

MRS Vivian Mbaze-Ebock Arrey ( PhD Tourism Student South Africa)

Mr Michael Akpang ( B A PGDM)

Mr Christopher Ebri ( Tourism Journalist)

Mr Martin Akeh ( Scientist PhD Student Unical)

2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Sustainable Tourism Initiative (SUTI) as part of its community service carried out a survey to

investigate the socio-economic impact of the Calabar Carnival 2008 Data on the economic

component were generated by the primary source A semi-structured questionnaire called the

Event Evaluation Kit (EEK) was used EEK is a simplified ldquoDo It Yourself Kitrdquo for measuring

the direct visitorsrsquo expenditure generated by an event A convenience sample of 464 attendees

was used for the survey The study investigated the market characteristics of the carnival as well

as the social environmental and economic impacts of the carnival

The results revealed the following

(a) Demographic characteristics of attendees

The proportion of non-resident visitors (day trippers and overnighters) in the sample was

significant (547) Locals were 453 of the sample

Majority of the festival attendees were Nigerians (961) Foreign attendees were only

39 This was lower than the figure in 2007 festival The proportion of foreigners in the

2007 festival was 14

Out of the 18 foreign attendees 7 were Europeans and 5 were Asians 3 were North

Americans There were more Europeans and Asians in the sample

Analysis of Nigerian attendees showed that fifty per cent (506) were from Cross River

State followed by Akwa Ibom State (123) and Rivers State (6) The attendees from

3

other neighbouring states Ebonyi and Benue were 06 each The lesson is that about

half of the attendees from Nigeria in the sample were not from Cross River State

There were more males than females in the sample

The Festival attendees were educationally enlightened Majority of the attendees possess

college education and above

Attendees fell under all income classes The have nots and the haves

The event attendees belong to different employment status However students

professionals and public servants were in the majority

(b) Behavioural and trip characteristics

Attendees went to event place in groups of two three and four The composition of group

membership consisted of friends families and business associates

The primary reason for visiting the destination was to participate in the Calabar Carnival

The dominate transportation mode used by attendees to the event place was motor bikes

and private vehicles

The data showed that 50 of the overnight visitors stayed in hotels while 37 with

friends and relations

The average amount per room of accommodation in Calabar was N2740

The average number of persons per group staying per room was two

Most of the attendees spent above 4 days in the destination

The attendees in the sample spent a total of 662 nights in the destination during the

festival

The dominate sources of information about the event are television and word of mouth

advertising

4

(c) Service Quality perception and satisfaction with event

The service quality of carnival attributes were rated a little above average for all the

attributes Facilities had the lowest mean score Mean score were lower for organization

promotion friendly locals safetycrime when compared to the 2007 edition

The Calabar Carnival was rated as more spectacular than other Carnivals festivals in

Nigeria that attendees had participated in However majority of attendees were

undecided

Attendees overall satisfaction with event was very high

Attendees with previous experience of event were 5070

Attendees who expressed intention to revisit eventdestination in the 2009 Calabar

Carnival were 844

(d) Environmental Impacts of Carnival

That the Carnival had not led to environmental pollution of the destination

(e) Social Impacts of Carnival

Majority of the attendees said the carnival had not led to increase in criminal activities in

the destination

(f) Economic Impacts

The study showed that money was injected into the economy of the state as a result of the

business and trade opportunities created by the carnival

91 of visitorsrsquo spending was on entertainment

5

A total of N56 388155 was obtained as estimated direct visitorsrsquo spending from a

sample of 464This figure is higher than that of 2007 Carnival ( N7 million)

Estimated total attendeesrsquo spending was N1498 billion

The following recommendations were inferred from the findings of this survey These

recommendations have the potential to improve the quality and marketing strategies of

the event and ensure the sustainability of the event

1 The state should develop a well articulated infrastructural master plan that will meet the

future infrastructural tourism needs of the destination In this survey it was found that

facilities have the least mean score for service quality rating of the festival The

Government should avoid the reactive approach of infrastructural development which

does not take the needs of the tourists and visitors into consideration

2 The concept underlying the Calabar Carnival should be evaluated and reviewed This is

necessary to ascertain whether it is meeting the values of culture seeking visitors This is

most importantly because it was discovered that there was a drastic fall in the proportion

of foreign attendees in the 2008 edition of the event compare to the 2007 edition

3 The event promotion should be targeted at relevant markets Plan media schedule should

be prepared and implemented religiously to create maximum impacts on the prospective

tourists Avoid reactive promotion of event Reactive promotion will lead to loss of

exposure and media impact

4 Event managers should use market penetration strategy More of the event promotion

should be targeted at existing markets domestic and foreign markets Existing markets

can be operationalised here as the generating areas with more visitors attendance More

resources should be tailored to these markets except for political reasons Market

6

development strategy should be used at the maturity stage of the destination and brand

Since word of mouth and television advertising have high exposure they should be

leveraged to pull more visitors to the destination

5 The service quality of the festival should be improved This can be achieved by

improving the supply value chain in the destination The bands concepts should be

improved and the environmental setting where the event is taking place must also

improve Each value chain member should add to the total visitorsrsquo experience during the

event tour operators accommodation operators recreation centres operators restaurants

operators transporters etc

6 The development of craft businesscentres should be given a boost to enhance the

production of carnival products The availability of carnival product will attract visitor

expenditure Visitor to attractions or destination have the tendency of going with items

that will serve as memorabilia The craft and art sector will create employment and

wealth

7 There should be effective crowd control by Carnival Marshals so as to enhance

spectatorsrsquo visual field and experience

8 Adequate spectatorsrsquo points should be provided for spectators who may want to sit down

during the float

7

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1

10 INRODUCTIONhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2

11 Background of the studyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2

12 Significance of the studyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4

13 Objectives of the studyhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5

20 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 6

21 The study site 6

22 Background of the event 7

23 Target population 8

24 Research design 9

25 Sample selection 9

27 Sources of data and data collection methods 9

28 Instrument validity and reliability

29 Data analysis techniques 9

30 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS 9

31 Demographic characteristics of attendees 16

32 Behavioural and trip characteristics of attendees 17

33 Service quality perception amd satisfaction with event 22

34 Environmental impacts 27

35 Social impacts 28

8

36 Economic impacts 29

40 SUMMARY OF FINDGINGS 30

50 ConclusionStrategic implication of findings 34

60 RECOMMENDATIONS 36

70 SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE STUDIES 38

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 The continent of origin of attendees 12

Table2 State of origin of Nigerian attendees 13

Table3 Number of people per group 18

Table4Mean score of festival service quality attributes 23

Table 5 Summary of direct attendeesrsquo spending 29

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Types of attendees 11

Figure2 Nationality of attendees 11

Figure3 Gender of attendees 14

Figure 4 Educational level of attendees 15

Figure5 Monthly income status of attendees 16

Figure6 Employment status of attendees 16

Figure7 Group membership of attendees 17

Figure8 Reasons for visiting destination 19

9

Figure9 Mode of local transport 20

Figure 10 Accommodation 21

Figure11 Number of days spent in destination 21

Figure12 Sources of information about event 22

Figure13 Competitiveness of the Calabar Carnival 24

Figure14 Overall satisfaction with event 25

Figure 15 Previous experience with event 25

Figure 16 Attendeesrsquo intention to revisit 26

Figure 17 Extent of environment pollution 27

Figure 18 Extent of crime 28

REFERENCES 40-42

1 INTRODUCTION

11 Background of the study

Cultural tourism is described as peoplesrsquo movements for essentially cultural motivations

which include study tours performing arts cultural tours travels to festivals visits to

10

historic sites and monuments folk lore and pilgrimage Festivals are therefore classified

as a type of cultural festivals Cross River State is an emerging tourism destination in

Nigeria It is endowed with a few cultural festivals These include New Yam Festivals

(hold annually in ten local government areas of the state) Wrestling Festivals (take

place in seven local government areas of the state) Obudu Mountain Race ( holds once

a year ) Boat Regatta (takes place in four local government areas) Ekpe Festival

( masquerade dance which is common among the Efiks and Qua people of the state )

Laboku International Festival and Christmas Festival ( holds once a year) Of all these

festivals the most popular and most developed is the Cross River State Christmas

Festival One important component of the Cross River State tourism product mix is the

Calabar Carnival Festival The Carnival is an annual event The 2008 carnival was the

fourth edition The State Governor Senator Liyel Imoke asserts that ldquothe brand Carnival

Calabar has evolved over the years and today a pride to Cross River State and Nigeria as

a wholerdquo (CRTB 20082) Below is an excerpt of the pre event speech of the State

Governor about the Carnival

ldquo2007 was the largest event till date and those who dared to sponsor last

year got plenty of mileage I think that for 2008 from what I see it is going

to be the biggest event certainly in Nigeria and Africarsquos biggest Street Party hellip

the Carnival Calabar is not all about fun It is a strategic business venture that

empowers the citizens of the staterdquo

11

From the above excerpt of the Governorrsquos speech the state expects the event to stimulate

economic activities in the state It is one event that has the potentials of contributing to

the socio-economic development of the state

The 2007 carnival attracted about one million spectators Out of this number 851 were

Nigeria and 149 were non Nigerians The proportion of spectators shows that 466

were locals 457 were overnight visitors and 77 were day trippers Reports from

some world events show empirical evidence of the positive impact of tourism to the

development of the locality or region Economic impacts studies of events in Kwa Zulu

Natal show that the events contributed to some extent to the development of the region

Comrade 2005 Comrade 2006 Turkal and Islandlawana 2006 (Seymour 2005

Seymour and Dladla2006 Kohler and Dladla 2006 )

There is copious evidence in literature on the benefits of cultural tourism festivals to

destinations It is reported that festivals contribute to the local regeneration and prosperity of

the destination This is because it generates new employment opportunities (Prentice and

Andersen 2003 Smith 2004) It encourages the development of a kind of infrastructure

which is visitor friendly and sustainable Bachleitner and Zins (1992) assert that festival

tourism enhances residents learning awareness appreciation of community pride ethnic

identity tolerance of others and brings about the opening of small and medium sized family

enterprises It is also believed that cultural events foster cross-cultural communication that

can promote understanding between the host and the guest (Sdrali and Chazapi 2007)

Some events are staged at a particular time of the year which will attract an audience when a

large number of tourists are not normally visiting the area (Getz 1997) However not all

12

events are staged for tourists some events must be staged at a specific time regardless of

whether it is peak or off-peak tourism season Events of this nature help to keep other sectors

of the tourism industry busy The question that bothers stakeholders is whether the staging of

the Calabar Carnival has the potential to impact on the socio-economic life of the state And

whether the event should continue to receive government funding This is what this study

seeks to investigate

12 Significance of the study includes

The study will

Enhance the Statersquos competitive position within the country and put the city of Calabar on

the global tourism map

Generate a good image for the State as a tourist destination

Bring Calabar to limelight and showcase its brand personality

Instil confidence and pride in the people and Government of Cross River State

Improve the organisational and marketing capability of the State Destination Organisation

and Carnival Commission

A study of the socio-economic impacts of the event is an imperative This is because most

communities rely on the data of impact studies to elicit support for the continuous support or the

funding of events The results of the study would help the State Government and stakeholders to

evaluate the success of the event thereby justifying the use of resources in organising the event

and determine whether the event promotional strategies are working The information generated

would inform future planning and funding of the event

13 Objectives of the study

13

The objectives of this research are

To determine the demographic and trip characteristics of Calabar Carnival

To determine the social impact of the festival

To determine the environmental impact of the festival

To determine the service perception and attendeesrsquo satisfaction with event

To examine the spending pattern of visitors on the day of the carnival and also get an overview

of the accommodation and transportation pattern during their stay in the state

To ascertain the economic impact of the carnival and tourism benefits of the event

The Calabar Carnival is one of the product lines offered by the Cross River State Christmas

Festival Cross River State Carnival Commission (CRCC) is responsible for the planning

organising and marketing of the festival The Cross River State Carnival Commission is

established by The Cross River State Law Number 4 of 2006

(wwwvisitcrossriverstatecom) The Calabar Carnival has five products activities- Calabar

Carnival Queen Competition Cultural Parade Childrensrsquo Carnival Kings and Queens and

Adult Carnival The King and Queen was on the 25 th December 2008 Childrenrsquos Carnival

was on the 26th December and The Adult Carnival took place on 27th December 2008 The

major sponsor of the Calabar Carnival is the State Government with very little

contributions from private sector organizations operating in the destination Huge amount

money of is spent annually by government in staging the carnival It is also Governmentrsquos

desire to use the event as a development catalyst of the State

Carnival is a popular event that questions everyday life and politics It stands as a proud

presentation of a peoples identity Carnival is a combined form of art that embraces many

14

aspects of artistic expression Due to the global migration currents many contemporary

carnivals are multifaceted and of mixed styles

Today carnivals all over the world attract millions of participants and spectators thus having

a positive impact on local economies Carnivals are cultural festivals Festivals have a

number of impacts on the host city ranging from cultural economic social and

environmental Festivals have both positive and negative impacts on their host cities but

emphasis is often focused on the economic analysis According to Hall (1992) the ability of

major events to attract economic benefits to the destination often provide the official

justification for the hosting

20 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

21 The study site Cross River State is one of the 36 states of the Federal Republic of Nigeria

The state is located in the Southern Nigeria and within the tropical rain forest belt It lies

between attitude 4028 and 6055 North of Equator and longitude 7050 and 9028 East of the

Greenwich Meridian It is divided into 18 Local Government Areas The state has a total

landmass of 2234218 km2 with a population of 2888966 (NPC 2007) It has diverse

vegetation belts from the largest mountains and waterfalls with rare animals including

engendered species and unusual plant families making it one of the worldrsquos richest

biodiversity centres attracting scientists and tourists alike The people of the state are known

for their warm and hospitality The culture of the people is expressed in various languages

(Efik Ejaghem Bekwarra English Yakur Agbo and Bakur) dances (Ekombi Monikim

etc)s festivals and cuisines (Ekpang Nkukwo Edikan Ikong Afia Efere etc) The Capital

15

City Calabar is reminiscent of a seaside town with lots of bars and restaurants is host to the

annual 32 day long Christmas Festival and Calabar Carnival celebration during the

Christmas period

22 Background of the event The first edition of the Calabar Carnival took place in 2005

The one under review is the fourth edition The theme of the 2008 Calabar Carnival was

ldquoSUSTAINING EARTHrsquoS TREASURES THROUGH OUR CULTURErdquo The Calabar

Carnival is branded a street party It takes place through a 12km route that begins from

the U J Esuene Stadium through the Mary Slessor Road Ndidem Usang Iso MCC Road

and back to the Stadium The Calabar Carnival had five products Calabar Carnival

Queen Competition Cultural Carnival Kings and Queens Children Carnival and the

Adult Carnival

The Kings and Queens took place on the 25th of December 2008 The Children Carnival

was on the 26th December 2008 and the Adult Carnival was on the 27th December 2008

Five competing Bands participated in the 2008 Carnival The bands were (i) Bayside

band ii)Freedom Band (iii) Master Blaster Band (iv) Passion 4 Band (v) Seagull Band

Each band has unique features and concept The membership of the Bands is open to all

Nigerians and Non-Nigerians alike At the end of the carnival the Bands are ranked and

rewarded according to their performances by the Government Government responsibility

was to create the infrastructure and enabling environment for the festival Apart from the

five competing Bands 13 non -competing Bands also participated in the 2008 Carnival

They include Nigeria Civil Defence Cross River Fire Service Nigeria Mobile Police

Force Nigeria Police Force NYSC First Bank Nigeria PLC Bank PHB Rotary Club

16

International Lions Club Nigeria Navy Hebzeba Nigerian Army and Calabar Urban

Development Authority (CUDA) A team of adjudicators composed of 34 experts were

charged with the responsibility of adjudication and to produce the best bands The bands

were observed at four points There was also a roving team which brought the total to

five points Each adjudicator scored on a specific domain on a score sheet The domains

were float band on the move costumes and make up interpretation of theme and best

reflection of carnival spirit The overall results placed Passion 4 Band as the best band in

the 2008 edition followed by Bayside Band and Seagull Band as second and third

respectively

23 Target Population The population consists of all attendees who participated in the

2008 Adult Carnival that took place on the 27th December 2008 Attendees comprised of

spectators and participants Participants were adults attendees who registered as members

or revelers of one of the bands and who participated in the Carnival float Spectators were

attendees from the age of 20 years and above and who were found at the carnival route

watching the float All those found watching the carnival float along the route and

participants were conceptualised as consumers of the event or spectators The attendees

were also classified into three overnighters residents and day trippers The target

population therefore consists of overnighters day trippers and residents Overnight

attendees are those who spent at least one night at the destination for the purpose of this

event The day trippers are those who did not stay in the destination for a night The

residents are those who came from their homes to watch or participant in the event The

residents were included because of the propensity to spend more than if they had just a

routine day

17

24 Research design The Cross sectional survey design was used in collecting data This is

because the study was intended to capture a snapshot of the socio-economic variables at a

point in time during the event Because of the nature of the study economic data was

readily generated from the spectators

25 Sample selection The Carnival festival is characterised by transient movement of spectators

and participants from one point to the other during the float The Calabar Carnival is non-

ticketing event It is a street party Because of this there is difficulty in statistically estimating

the sample size This difficulty led to the use of convenience sampling design This method

of sampling enabled the researcher to obtain a gross estimate of the results without incurring

the cost or time required to select a random sample

26 Sources of data and data collection methods The two broad research tools were utilised to

conceptualise and carry out the research survey were secondary and primary data sources

The secondary data sources provided data that have been collected analysed and discussed

by previous scholars in the field Hence secondary data helped to contextualise current

research in the field Information on the economic component was generated by the primary

source using a semi-structured questionnaire called the Event Evaluation Kit (EEK) EEK is

a simplified ldquoDo It Yourself Kitrdquo for measuring the direct inscope expenditure generated by

an event rather than economic impact (Jago 2005 Jackson Houghton Russell and Triandos

2005) There are two major sources of local economic stimulation generated by a festival

public assistance and the direct visitorsrsquo spending in the local area (Felsenstein and Fleisher

2003) This study was limited to direct visitorsrsquo spending Respondents were requested to

provide answers to questions on basic economic activities such as indicate the type of

accommodation used during your stay in the destination and the number of nights spent in

18

accommodation by what means did you move to the place of the event What are your

primary reasons for visiting Calabar What is the total amount of money you have spent or

intend to spend during the event on different domains of product and services ( food and

beverage entertainment giftssouvenirs sport equipmentgear communication transport and

other purchases)

In all there were twenty field staff six investigators and fourteen trained research assistants

The field staff were assigned to designated points along the Carnival route Copies of the

questionnaires were self administered and collected as soon as they were completed by

respondents

27 Instrument validity and reliability EEK has widely been used by researchers and

organisers of events with good outcomes (Jago 2005) Pre- survey training was done on the

fieldworkers before the survey The questionnaire was tested among the fieldworkers to get

an indication of the time it takes to complete one questionnaire The use of EEK was to

ensure instrument validity and reliability

28 Data analysis techniques The data were analysed using the Statistical Packages for Social

Sciences (SPSS) software Pie chart was used in presenting data on accommodation used by

overnight visitors Bar chart was used in presenting data on the local transportation used by

spectators and the length of stay in destination Attendeesrsquo expenditure on different domains

of products and services was summed up and presented in tables In this analysis adjustment

was made to obtain a realistic representation of the estimate of the expenditure of non

residents who visited the place of event only because of the event and those locals who went

to the Carnival place instead of staying at home

19

30 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

Out of the five hundred (500) copies of questionnaire administered by the field staff

480 forms were completed On editing only 464 of the copies were usable and utilized for

this analysis This gives a response rate of 93 per cent Out of the 464 respondents 350

(7543) were spectators and 114 (2457) were participants Volume count of

spectators at five strategic locations along the Carnival route (Stadium by Murtala

Mohemmed High way Mary Slessor Junction by Zoo Garden Rabana Store by IBB

Way High Quality by Ndidem Usang Iso Road MCC by Mobile filling Station) was

1200000 The total participants were 37 557 The total attendees were 1237557

The results are presented in the following order

Demographic characteristics of attendees

Behavioural and trip characteristics of attendees

Service perception and level of satisfaction with Carnival

Social impacts of the carnival

Environmental impacts of the carnival

Economic impacts of the carnival

31 Demographic Characteristics of Spectators

Visitor type

20

Overnight visitors were 381 day trippers were 166 and local residents were 453

The proportion of non residents in the sample (547) is appreciable and sufficient to

exert the expected economic impact in a destination

Fig 1 Types of visitors

Nationality of attendees

The attendeesrsquo nationality was categorised into two foreigners and Nigerians The result

shows that Nigerians constitute 961 (446) while foreigners constitute 39 (18) It is

observed that the proportion of foreigners in the sample is very low when compared to

that of 2007 Carnival (14)

21

Fig 2 Nationality of attendees

Continent of origin of attendees

The data showed that the foreigners were distributed across all the continents of the

world though at very small proportions It was found that most of the foreigners were

from Europe (15 7) and Asia (115) respectively See table 1

Table 1 The continent of origin of attendees

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative Percent

Valid Not applicable 446 961 961 961 North America 3 6 6 968 South America 1 2 2 970 Other Africa

Countries 2 4 4 974 Asia 5 11 11 985 Europe 7 15 15 1000

Total 464 1000 1000

22

State of origin of Nigerian spectators

The distributions of attendees from Nigeria were also considered in the study Fifty per

cent (50) of the Nigerian attendees were from the host state Cross River State This is

followed by River State with 6 others were Akwa Ibom Lagos Abia Delta and Imo

States respectively The proportion of these States ranged from 25 - 5 representations

in the sample This is shown in table 2

Table 2 State of origin of Nigerian attendees

2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

No t a v a i l a b l e

An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l

Va l i dF re q u e n c yPe rc e n t

Va l i dPe rc e n t

Cu mu l a t i v ePe rc e n t

Gender distribution

There were more males in the sample than female visitors These could be explained by

the fact that males are more adventurous than females Secondly since responses to the

23

instrument are sometimes on the basis of group membership Traditionally the head of

the groups which in most instances were males would be the one to offer responses

Fig 3 Gender of attendees

Educational level of attendees

Majority of attendees were holders of first degree (414) followed by those with

diplomas (22) and secondary school certificate (175) This showed that the attendees

were enlightened and could be reached and influenced with specialized marketing

communication devices

24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0

Fig 4 Educational level of attendees

Personal income of attendees

It was found that the income distribution of spectators had a unique presentation as

shown in figure 5 Those who said they did not spend any money or did not intend to

spend any money were in the majority (332) The income distribution cut across all

class as shown on the chart An interesting feature was the fact that those who earned

above N120 000 per month were significantly high (97) followed by those who

earned N30001-40000 (86) N50 001-60000(71) respectively The other classes

had between 1-69 The result showed strategic implication for product packaging

25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0

Fig 5 monthly income status of attendees

Employment status of attendees

The result showed that the sample was dominated by students (256) professional

office holders (244) civil and public servants (188) and self employed (172)

See figure 6

Civil public servant

Ar t isan t echnical

Self employed

Prof essional of f ice

Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0

Fig 6 Employment status of attendees

26

32 Behavioural and trip characteristics of attendees

Under behavioural characteristics information on group membership and composition

number of people in a group primary reasons for visiting source of carnival information

transportation and accommodation type used and number of days spent in destination

Number of people per group and group composition

The respondents were also asked to indicate the number of people in the respondentrsquos

company The results showed that 235 of respondents in the sample were two in their

company 177 were three 166 were four The result indicated the attractiveness and

the ability of the event to draw people in groups to the event (see figure 7) Only 45

went to the event alone Further examination of the result showed that these groups

consists of friends (28) family (33)and friends and family (244) members

respectively

Ot hers

Tour group

Business Associat es

School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0

Fig 7 Group membership of attendees

27

Table 3 Number of people per group

Num be r of pe ople pe r group

2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l

Va l i dFre q u e n c y Pe rc e n t Va l i d Pe rc e n t

Cu mu la ti v ePe rc e n t

Primary reasons for visiting destination

To measure the motive for visiting destination non-resident attendees were asked to

indicate the primary reasons for visiting the destination 45 of the sample said they

visited the destination because of the carnival 73 and 41 were on vacation and visit

to friends and relations (VRR) in the destination during the period 42 were locals

28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion

Visit ing f r iends and

Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0

Fig 8 Reasons for visiting destination

Mode of transportation used by attendees

Majority of the respondents went to the place of event by motor bikes followed by those

who went by private vehicles and then those who trekked The high number of those who

went by motor bike was probably because of the high number of residents in the sample

Since motor bikes were the dominant means of transport in the city it was not surprising

that majority of the people utilized the motor bikes This meant more businesse s for

those who are involved in lsquoOkadarsquo as it is commonly called in the region It is expected

that increase in the volume of business for the Okadas and the other modes of

transportation will directly lead to increase in the demand and comsumption of gasoline

See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0

Figure 9 Mode of local transport

Accommodation used by overnight attendees

The data showed that 50 of the overnight visitors stayed in the hotels 37 stayed with

friends and relations The hotels were the most preferred accommodation for overnight

carnivalists during their stay in the destination The accommodation sub-sector of the

industry is very crucial With about 37 staying with friends and relations the

investment by entrepreneurs in the accommodation sector may be far away from

achieving the expected occupancy rate Average amount per accommodation per room

was N2740 The average number of persons per group staying per room was two

30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1

Friends amp relations

37

Figure 10 Accommodation type use by attendees

Number of days spent in destination

The result showed that majority of the respondents (35) spent or intended to spend

above four days at the destination This has a positive indication for the destination

Although the adult carnival lasted one day it meant that there were adequate and

effective animations before the Carnival and probably after the Carnival to hold and

elongate visitors stay in the destination The total number of nights spent or to be spent

by the respondents in the sample was 662

One day Two days Three days four days Above four days

16 1719

13

35

Figure 11 Number of days spent in destination during event

31

Source of information about festival

Majority of the respondents had information about the event by means of television

(377) word of mouth (304) and then newspapermagazine The number of those

who got event information through sources other than the three mentioned above

(posters radio internet brochures and sport associations) was quit low Many reasons

could be advanced for that It could be that these are the preferred media types or that

they are the media types available to actual and prospective carnivalists

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0

Fig12 Sources of information about event

33 Service quality perception and satisfaction with event

Service quality attributes generated from expert experience and extensive literature

review were listed Respondents were asked to indicate their feelings on a five point

Likert Scale about statements that reflected their perception of the service quality of the

Carnival The result is shown in table 4

32

Service quality perception

The service quality attributes were measured using a five - point Likert Scale Type with

lsquo5rsquo as strongly agreed lsquo4rsquo as agreed lsquo3rsquo undecidedrsquo 2rsquo as disagreed and lsquo1rsquo as strongly

disagreed The following attributes had a high mean score scenic and beautiful areas

signages spectacular bands event organization event marketing and friendliness of

locals Facilities scored the least

Table 4 Mean score of festival service quality attributes

Descriptive Statistics

464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464

Event was well organised

The event marketing wasadequate

Parking is inadqeuate

Sufficient facilities (toilet)

Good refreshment areas

People enjoyedthemselves

Bands are spectacular

Printed programmeshowing eventinformation

Has scenic and beautifulareas

Locals are freindly

The city is decorated withvisual signage

Valid N (listwise)

N Mean

Satisfaction with event

The level of satisfaction with event was measure with respect to the following domains

satisfaction with marketing overall satisfaction previous attendance intention to attend

event next year

33

Comparison with other carnivals in Nigeria

To determine the competiveness of the event respondents were asked to express their

feelings about the event compared to other carnivals 50 of respondents were

undecided 366 said the Calabar Carnival was more spectacular than others visited

2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers

More spect acularUndecided

Fig 13 Competitiveness of the Calabar Carnival against others

Overall attendeesrsquo satisfaction

Majority of the respondents said they were satisfied with the event (satisfied 547 43

very satisfied 3534) See figure 14

34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied

Fig 14 Overall satisfaction with event

Previous experience

One half of the respondents have had previous experience with the event and destination

597 said they attended the 2007 edition of the event

40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes

Fig 15 Previous experience with event

35

Intention to revisit event

The respondents were asked if they would revisit the event in next year The result

showed that 845 expressed their intention to revisit event 194 said they would not

revisit 14 were not decided The high percentage of those who said they would revisit

was an indication of the attractiveness of the event

14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes

Fig 16 Attendees intention to revisit

34 Environmental impacts

The environmental attribute considered in the study was pollution The respondents were

asked to indicate whether the carnival led to environmental pollution 369 of the

respondents strongly disagreed with the statement 276 also disagreed with the

statement Only a few respondents agreed that the carnival led to environmental pollution

This could be interpreted in two ways One it shows that the state is practicing sustaining

and responsible tourism Secondly it is an indication that the destination product is in the

early stage of the destination Life-cycle (Butler 1980)

36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond

Fig 17 Extent of environmental pollution

35 Social impacts of the Carnival

To investigate if the destination was experiencing negative social impacts of the carnival

respondents were asked to express their feelings as to whether crime was a problem A

total of 567 did not agree that the event increased crime in the destination A total of

22 agreed that the event increased crime in the destination

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0

Fig18 Extent of crime

37

36 Economic impacts of the Carnival

The economic index considered in this study was the direct spectators spending

Respondents were asked to indicate their actual or planned expenditure on the following

domain of products and services food entertainment giftssouvenirs costumes

communication transport accommodation and others (the others were for tickets paid for

entrance into some recreational centres in the destination) The sum of individual

spending gave a total sum of N56 388155 This represented an estimated amount spent

by the sample during the event The highest visitorsrsquo spending was on entertainment The

full economic impact of an event is derived by multiplying the average direct visitor

spending by the regionrsquos economic multiplier which has been predetermined Another

approach is by multiplying the average attendeesrsquo spending with a defined fraction of the

regionrsquos tourism receipts obtained from the Satellite Tourism Account (STA) of the

region or state as reported by Ellard et al (1999) in the Missoula study In this study the

total attendeesrsquo spending was computed by multiplying the total average spending for all

the three types of attendees by the total number of attendees to the event

38

Table 5 Summary of direct attendeesrsquo spending by item

Details of attendeesrsquo spending

Residents in the sample = N1 18088500

Day tripper in the sample = N358 22000

Overnighters in the sample = N54 84905000

Total sample = N 5638815500

Average spending of residents per sample = N5 6232600

Average spending of Day trippers per sample = N4 65221

Average spending by Overnighters per sample = N309 88164

Total direct spending by residents = Average residentsrsquo spending x total number of

resident attendees = 562326 x 556901

= N313159911726helliphellip (a)

39

SN Item Amount (Naira) Per cent1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food

Entertainment(drinks)

Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation

Others (tickets etc)

140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100

Total direct spending by overnight visitors = Average overnightersrsquo spending x total

number of visitors = 309 88164x470 272

=14572865860608 helliphelliphellip (b)

Total direct spending by day trippers = Average day trippersrsquo spending x total number of

day trippers = N4 65221x 210385

= N978 755200000helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip(c)

Total attendeesrsquo spending during the festival = a + b+ c

=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion

40 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS











40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42




50 ConclusionStrategic implication of findings

The findings of this survey have strategic public policy formulation economic and

marketing implications

Public Policy formulation The demographic and trip characteristics of attendees are

relevant in destination management and promotion The fact that the festival is attracting

visitors to the state is worthy of note Infrastructure and facilities needed in the

destination should be fashioned and designed on the basis of knowledge of the consumers

and their expectations Visitors to the destination were in groups friends families and

associates The destinations must provide facilities that would make their stay

comfortable The destination marketing organization (DMO) has the responsibility of

creating the enabling environment for tourism to strive in the state Policy formulation

should incorporate the various visitorsrsquo needs for infrastructural and facilities

development in the destination There was massive occlusion of the spectatorsrsquo visual

field because of poorly managed crowd especially at adjudication points It could be

observed that the mean rating for all the service attributes were not scored well Visitors

to the destination expect the best It was observed that the dominate mode of

transportation to place of event by attendees was motor bikes The implication of this in

view of the State Government plan to ban the operation of lsquookadasrsquo in the State should

be taken into consideration

43

Marketing Market information has strategic importance for product development of

packages and marketing The trip characteristics of attendees give insight into the values

and motivations that influence trip decisions and planning The major reason for

attendees travel to the destination at that time was the carnival This showed the level of

attachment attendees had for the event The time could as well be spent in other places

other than the carnival but not for the strength of the motivations

The attendeesrsquo sources of information provided the most effective ways to reach the

markets with information about the carnival and destination The popular sources can be

leveraged to reach current customers and prospective customers The word of mouth is a

competitive advantage enjoyed by the Calabar Carnival It has a higher penetration power

and credibility than the mass media It is not affected by advertising clutters and other

reach factors

The number of people spending the night and how many nights were spent in the

destination during event has economic implication DMO can on the basis of this

information promote the destination to target markets Private tourism operators can

reach their target markets using these channels It can plan on strategies to capture a

certain proportion of the bed occupancy in the destination

Economic Economic impacts are reasons why communities vote for tourism and why

governments and development donor agencies support tourism development (Bachleitner

amp Zins (1992) From the direct visitorsrsquo spending we can see that money was spent by

attendees during the event This showed the attractiveness and growth potential in the

44

sector The fact is that money has been injected as direct visitor spending into the

economy These will catalyst economic growth through a multiplier effect

The money spent by visitors on the mentioned domains of products and services of

institutions and individuals constitute the direct effect of the festival in the destination

The businesses used the money to purchase goods and services employed in the

production of further goods and services from other sectors of the economic For

examples hotels will buy food and beverage electricity and water etc This is referred to

as indirect effect The induce effect refers to the income that accrues to local residents in

the form of salaries wages rent and interest This is referred to as the induce effect

The results of the study support the claim for the use of event tourism to as a catalyst to

the economic development of destinations With this justification there is reason for the

continuity of the festival so as to realize the long-term objective of the government and

the people of the state There is need to strategically promote the Carnival nationally and

internationally The much needed Naira that will economically transform the state will

come when the right customers mix is attracted to the destination Tourism has become

the main stay of most economies Cross River State can improve and strengthen her

economy by diversifying from the mono-product economy (oil dominated) to non oil

(tourism) Like New Orlean tourism has the potential of replacing the oil as the major

source of jobs for people in the destination The study proved that money has been

injected into the economy of the state This money will ripple a multiplier effect leading

to increase in personal income of the local employment and increase in the quality of life

(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations

The following recommendations are inferred from the findings of this survey They have

the potential to improve the quality and marketing of the event Secondly will ensure the

sustainability of the event








most important because it was discovered that there was a drastic fall in the proportion


11 The event promotion should be targeted at relevant markets Planned media schedule

should be prepared and implemented religiously to create maximum impacts on the

prospective tourists and avoid reactive promotion of event Reactive promotion will lead

to loss of exposure and media impact





46





improving the supply value chain in the destination The bandsrsquo concepts should be






production of carnival products The availability of carnival products will attract visitorsrsquo

and expenditure Visitor to attractions or destination have the tendency of going with

items that will serve as memorabilia The craft and art sector will create employment and

wealth



16 Adequate spectatorsrsquo viewing points should be provider for spectators who may want to

sit down during the float

Suggestion for future studies

This work was limited in methodological approach for the computation of total attendeesrsquo

expenditure This was because of the absence of basic data required for the computation

Nigeria is yet to institutionalised the STA hence absence of the necessary data to

facilitate the full computation of the economic impact We therefore strongly suggest that

47

machinery be put in place for effective generation of tourism statistics especially the

sectoral multiplier at the state region and national level to enhance future studies

48

REFERENCES

Bachleitner R amp Zins A (1992)Cultural tourism in rural communities the residentrsquos

perspective Journal of Business Research 44 (3) 199-209

Butler R W (1980) [Online] Avaialble httpwwwdestinationrecoverycomdestinationlifecyclehtml

CRTB (2008) Pre -event Brochure Calabar Teemwok

Daldy B (2003) Hockey tournament bring in $ 1 million to Hamilton City economy

Economic Regional Bulletin of Economic Department at Waikato Management School

Ellard A L Cheek K A amp Nickerson N P (1999) Missoula Case Study direct impact

of visitor spending on a local economy Retrieved from httpwwwitriumtedureports-

tourdevelhtml

Felsenstein D amp Fleischer A (2003) Local festival and tourism promotion the role of public

assistance and visitor expenditure Journal of Travel Research Vol 41 385-392

Getz D (1997) Event Management amp Event Tourism New York Cognizant Communication

Corp

Hall C M (1992) Hallmark Tourism Events Impacts Management and Planning London

Bethaven Press

Jago L (2005) The evaluation of special eventsa kit for event practitioners

Retrieved from httpbusiness uts Eduauacempdfabstractbooklet-2005pdf

Jackson J Houghton M Rusell R amp Triandos P (2005) Innovations in measuring economic

impacts of regional festivals a do-it-yourself kit Journal of Travel Research 43 360-367rsquo

Kohler K amp Dladla S (2006) Thurkela Raft Race 2006 Impact Assessment Top Line Summary

Report Retrieve from httpwwwkznorgzainvestEventareportspdf

Kohler K amp Seymour J (2006) Thukela Raft Race 2006 impact assessment Top line

summary report Retrieve from httpwwwkznorgzainvestEventareportspdf

Lindberg K (1996) The economic Impact of Eco-tourism Retrieved on the 8202004

from httpwwwectoroimacokokinghtml

National Population Commission (2007) Report of 2006 National Census Abuja NPC

49

Prentice R amp Andersen U(2003) Evoking Ireland modeling tourist propensity Annuals of

Tourism Research 27(2)490-516

Sdnali Dand Chazapi K (2007) Cultural tourism in Greek insular community the residents

perspective Tourismos An International Multi-Disciplinary Journal of Tourism 2(2)61-78

Seymour J (2005) Comrades 2005 impact assessment Top line sommary report Retrieve

from httpwwwkznorgzainvestEventareportspdf

Seymour J amp DladlaS (2006) Isandlwana 2006 impact assessment Top line summary

report Retrieve from httpwwwkznorgzainvestEventareportspdf

Shone A amp Parry B (2005) Successful Event Management A Practical Handbook 2nd ed

London Thomson Learning

SmithM(2004)Seeing a new side to seasidersquos culturally regenerating the English seaside town

International Journal of Tourism Research 6 (1)1728

Styne DJ (2006) Tourism economy Retrieved from httpmsueducourseprr840ecomipa

ctpdfecimvil1pdf

WDI (2002) World Development Indicators World Development Report World Bank

Washington DC

World Travel and Tourism Review Indicators Trends and Issues 2183-186 Wallingford

CAB International

WTTC (2005) Annual Report Progress and Priorities 200405 The World Travel and Council

50

PUBLIC PRESENTATION OF THE RESEARCH REPORT ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS

OF 2008 CALABAR CARNIVAL FESTIVAL

PRESENTED

BY

BASSEY B ESU (PhD)

COORDINATOR

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM INITIATIVE

No 44 MARIAN ROAD CALABAR NIGERIA sutinigeriayahoocom 08034740556

RESEARCH TEAM MEMBERS

MRS Vivian Mbaze-Ebock Arrey ( PhD Tourism Student South Africa)

Mr Michael Akpang ( B A PGDM)

Mr Christopher Ebri ( Tourism Journalist)

Mr Martin Akeh ( Scientist PhD Student Unical)

2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY



















3





















festival


advertising

4







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





5
























6














wealth




during the float

7

TABLE OF CONTENTS







21 The study site 6














8






LIST OF TABLES






LIST OF FIGURES









9











REFERENCES 40-42

1 INTRODUCTION




10





















11























12








The study will















13























14






















15



Christmas period








Adult Carnival












16









respectively














routine day

17
























18





other purchases)




respondents














19


















Visitor type

20










21










Total 464 1000 1000

22








2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l


Va l i dPe rc e n t


Gender distribution



23









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY



















3





















festival


advertising

4







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





5
























6














wealth




during the float

7

TABLE OF CONTENTS







21 The study site 6














8






LIST OF TABLES






LIST OF FIGURES









9











REFERENCES 40-42

1 INTRODUCTION




10





















11























12








The study will















13























14






















15



Christmas period








Adult Carnival












16









respectively














routine day

17
























18





other purchases)




respondents














19


















Visitor type

20










21










Total 464 1000 1000

22








2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l


Va l i dPe rc e n t


Gender distribution



23









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50





















festival


advertising

4







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





5
























6














wealth




during the float

7

TABLE OF CONTENTS







21 The study site 6














8






LIST OF TABLES






LIST OF FIGURES









9











REFERENCES 40-42

1 INTRODUCTION




10





















11























12








The study will















13























14






















15



Christmas period








Adult Carnival












16









respectively














routine day

17
























18





other purchases)




respondents














19


















Visitor type

20










21










Total 464 1000 1000

22








2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l


Va l i dPe rc e n t


Gender distribution



23









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





5
























6














wealth




during the float

7

TABLE OF CONTENTS







21 The study site 6














8






LIST OF TABLES






LIST OF FIGURES









9











REFERENCES 40-42

1 INTRODUCTION




10





















11























12








The study will















13























14






















15



Christmas period








Adult Carnival












16









respectively














routine day

17
























18





other purchases)




respondents














19


















Visitor type

20










21










Total 464 1000 1000

22








2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l


Va l i dPe rc e n t


Gender distribution



23









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50
























6














wealth




during the float

7

TABLE OF CONTENTS







21 The study site 6














8






LIST OF TABLES






LIST OF FIGURES









9











REFERENCES 40-42

1 INTRODUCTION




10





















11























12








The study will















13























14






















15



Christmas period








Adult Carnival












16









respectively














routine day

17
























18





other purchases)




respondents














19


















Visitor type

20










21










Total 464 1000 1000

22








2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l


Va l i dPe rc e n t


Gender distribution



23









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50














wealth




during the float

7

TABLE OF CONTENTS







21 The study site 6














8






LIST OF TABLES






LIST OF FIGURES









9











REFERENCES 40-42

1 INTRODUCTION




10





















11























12








The study will















13























14






















15



Christmas period








Adult Carnival












16









respectively














routine day

17
























18





other purchases)




respondents














19


















Visitor type

20










21










Total 464 1000 1000

22








2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l


Va l i dPe rc e n t


Gender distribution



23









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50

TABLE OF CONTENTS







21 The study site 6














8






LIST OF TABLES






LIST OF FIGURES









9











REFERENCES 40-42

1 INTRODUCTION




10





















11























12








The study will















13























14






















15



Christmas period








Adult Carnival












16









respectively














routine day

17
























18





other purchases)




respondents














19


















Visitor type

20










21










Total 464 1000 1000

22








2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l


Va l i dPe rc e n t


Gender distribution



23









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50






LIST OF TABLES






LIST OF FIGURES









9











REFERENCES 40-42

1 INTRODUCTION




10





















11























12








The study will















13























14






















15



Christmas period








Adult Carnival












16









respectively














routine day

17
























18





other purchases)




respondents














19


















Visitor type

20










21










Total 464 1000 1000

22








2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l


Va l i dPe rc e n t


Gender distribution



23









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50











REFERENCES 40-42

1 INTRODUCTION




10





















11























12








The study will















13























14






















15



Christmas period








Adult Carnival












16









respectively














routine day

17
























18





other purchases)




respondents














19


















Visitor type

20










21










Total 464 1000 1000

22








2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l


Va l i dPe rc e n t


Gender distribution



23









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50





















11























12








The study will















13























14






















15



Christmas period








Adult Carnival












16









respectively














routine day

17
























18





other purchases)




respondents














19


















Visitor type

20










21










Total 464 1000 1000

22








2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l


Va l i dPe rc e n t


Gender distribution



23









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50























12








The study will















13























14






















15



Christmas period








Adult Carnival












16









respectively














routine day

17
























18





other purchases)




respondents














19


















Visitor type

20










21










Total 464 1000 1000

22








2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l


Va l i dPe rc e n t


Gender distribution



23









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50








The study will















13























14






















15



Christmas period








Adult Carnival












16









respectively














routine day

17
























18





other purchases)




respondents














19


















Visitor type

20










21










Total 464 1000 1000

22








2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l


Va l i dPe rc e n t


Gender distribution



23









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50























14






















15



Christmas period








Adult Carnival












16









respectively














routine day

17
























18





other purchases)




respondents














19


















Visitor type

20










21










Total 464 1000 1000

22








2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l


Va l i dPe rc e n t


Gender distribution



23









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50






















15



Christmas period








Adult Carnival












16









respectively














routine day

17
























18





other purchases)




respondents














19


















Visitor type

20










21










Total 464 1000 1000

22








2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l


Va l i dPe rc e n t


Gender distribution



23









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50



Christmas period








Adult Carnival












16









respectively














routine day

17
























18





other purchases)




respondents














19


















Visitor type

20










21










Total 464 1000 1000

22








2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l


Va l i dPe rc e n t


Gender distribution



23









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50









respectively














routine day

17
























18





other purchases)




respondents














19


















Visitor type

20










21










Total 464 1000 1000

22








2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l


Va l i dPe rc e n t


Gender distribution



23









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50
























18





other purchases)




respondents














19


















Visitor type

20










21










Total 464 1000 1000

22








2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l


Va l i dPe rc e n t


Gender distribution



23









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50





other purchases)




respondents














19


















Visitor type

20










21










Total 464 1000 1000

22








2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l


Va l i dPe rc e n t


Gender distribution



23









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50


















Visitor type

20










21










Total 464 1000 1000

22








2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l


Va l i dPe rc e n t


Gender distribution



23









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50










21










Total 464 1000 1000

22








2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l


Va l i dPe rc e n t


Gender distribution



23









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50










Total 464 1000 1000

22








2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l


Va l i dPe rc e n t


Gender distribution



23









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50








2 7 5 8 5 8 5 8

5 1 1 1 1 6 9

2 8 6 0 6 0 1 2 9

2 1 4 5 4 5 1 7 5

2 3 5 5 0 6 5 0 6 6 8 1

1 3 2 8 2 8 7 0 9

5 7 1 2 3 1 2 3 8 3 2

1 7 3 7 3 7 8 6 9

1 4 3 0 3 0 8 9 9

3 6 6 9 0 5

4 9 9 9 1 4

2 4 4 9 1 8

6 1 3 1 3 9 3 1

3 6 6 9 3 7

3 6 6 9 4 4

1 0 2 2 2 2 9 6 6

1 2 2 9 6 8

1 2 2 9 7 0

1 2 2 9 7 2

4 9 9 9 8 1

3 6 6 9 8 7

2 4 4 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0


An a mb ra

Ri v e rs

L a g o s

CRS

Imo

Ak wa Ib o m

De l ta

Ab i a

En u g u

Ka n o

Ed o

Os u n

Be n u e

Ba y e l s a

F CT

T a ra b a

Na s a ra wa

Ke b b i

Og u n

Eb o n y i

Ni g e r

Bo rn o

Ko g i

Pl a te a u

Kwa ra

T o ta l


Va l i dPe rc e n t


Gender distribution



23









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50









24

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0










25

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50

Pe

rc

en

t

40

30

20

10

0





See figure 6



Self employed


Ret ired

St udent

Unemployment

Pe

rce

nt

30

20

10

0


26












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50












respectively

Ot hers

Tour group


School group

Fr iends amp Family

Family

Fr iends

alone

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


27



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50



2 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

3 8 8 2 8 2 1 2 7

1 0 9 2 3 5 2 3 5 3 6 2

8 2 1 7 7 1 7 7 5 3 9

7 7 1 6 6 1 6 6 7 0 5

3 7 8 0 8 0 7 8 4

2 1 4 5 4 5 8 3 0

11 2 4 2 4 8 5 3

1 2 2 6 2 6 8 7 9

4 9 9 8 8 8

1 7 3 7 3 7 9 2 5

1 2 2 9 2 7

3 6 6 9 3 3

1 2 2 9 3 5

7 1 5 1 5 9 5 0

1 2 2 9 5 3

1 2 2 9 5 5

8 1 7 1 7 9 7 2

3 6 6 9 7 8

1 2 2 9 8 1

1 2 2 9 8 3

4 9 9 9 9 1

1 2 2 9 9 4

1 2 2 9 9 6

1 2 2 9 9 8

1 2 2 1 0 0 0

4 6 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

a lo n e

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

11

1 2

1 4

1 5

1 7

1 8

2 0

2 4

3 0

4 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 0 9

1 6 0

2 0 0

To ta l








28

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50

Ot hers

Business

Vacat ion


Carnival

Locals

Pe

rce

nt

50

40

30

20

10

0











See figure 9

29

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50

Trek

Mini bus

Mot or bike

Bus coach

Rent al vehicle

Pr ivat e vehicle

Fre

qu

en

cy

200

100

0










30

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50

Hotel50

Motel1

BampB3

Homestead8

Hostel1


37










16 1719

13

35


31








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50








Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0







32









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50









464 380

464 38815

464 30453

464 28276

464 35776

464 38556

464 38147

464 33578

464 39677

464 37284

464 38168

464










Locals are freindly


Valid N (listwise)

N Mean




event next year

33





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50





2 8

5 6

36 655 0

Less spect acular

Same like ot hers






34

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50

1 72 1 7

8 19 8 2

54 74 54 7

35 34 35 3

Dissat isf ied

Fair ly sat isf ied

Sat isf ied

Very sat isf ied


Previous experience



40 30 40 3

59 70 59 7

No

Yes


35






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50






14 01 14 0

1 94 1 9

84 05 84 1

don t know

No

Yes










36

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50

9 3

8 2

6 3

27 6

36 9

11 9

St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagrred

No respond







St rongly Agreed

Agreed

Neut ral

Disagreed

St rongly disagreed

No respond

Pe

rce

nt

40

30

20

10

0


37
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50
















38













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50













39


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Food


Giftssouvenirs

Costumesgear

Communication

Transport

Accommodation


140008000

5131810000

42345000

17755000

66245000

73350000

127162500

40140000

250

9100

075

032

118

130

225

070

Total N 5638815500 100








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50








=N 14983901292334

=N1498billion












40





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50





















festival


advertising

41







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50







undecided




Carnival were 844





the destination





42























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50























43












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50












reach factors










44






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50






















(Lindberg 1996)

45

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50

60 Recommendations





















46














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50














wealth










47



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50



48

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50

REFERENCES









tourdevelhtml




Corp


Bethaven Press












49














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50














ctpdfecimvil1pdf


Washington DC


CAB International


50

SUTI Report for 2008 Calabar Carnival

Documents

Transcript of SUTI Report for 2008 Calabar Carnival