Sustainable Urban Transport in Dutch citiesNational interest, local accessibility

Mario FruianuSenior Policy Advisor, Market Development and Decentralized TransportMinistry of Transport, the Netherlands

Chisinau workshop

Introduction and goals The NetherlandsNational Mobility Policy

StrategyThe network approach

ThemesPublic TransportRoad pricing schemeFile proof project

4

Image of modes

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Joy Fear Anger Sadness Aversion

CarBicyclePT

Number of Dutch people that value the opinion that

a certain emotion fits very well with a certain mode of transport

5

The Netherlands in EuropeEmployment density in EU 15, 2001 jobs per km2

>353212–353125–21285-12543-85<43

Density of Motorways

in km per 100 km2

>8

4-8

2-4

0-2

0

• Population 16.3 million• 35.000 km2

• 480 inhabitants/km2

• 40% living in Randstad• Mainports Rotterdam and

Amsterdam-Schiphol• Major economic activity

in ‘banana’• Pass. Cars: 170/km2

(highest in EU)• Average km p.p./day:

32 km

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Economical heart of the Netherlands

• 7 mln. people(40% of population)

• 50% of GDP• Port of Rotterdam• Schiphol Airport• Financial capital• 75 % of export• The Hague: government &

international institutions• 6 Universities

Amsterdam

Rotterdam

Haarlem

Utrecht

Leiden

Dordrecht

The Hague

Amersfoort

Almere

Delft

Zaandam

Schiphol

Green Heart

7Urban development

1950 1980 2010

From historical heart of Holland to metropolitan area

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Trends and problems

• Car travel is increasingly dominant• Concentrated on National Highways (city ring roads)

• Growth exceeds available space; Congestion threatens economic growth• Accessibility declines, road safety declines, quality of life will improve,

but EU goals are unattainable.• In 2005 congestion hours increased with approx. 24% compared to 2000. • Freight transport: Strong growth for road transport and inland shipping.

• Increasing share of regional traffic • 70% of car trips <30km

• Largest challenges in metropolitan areas!!

9Mobility in the Netherlands(x billion travelers kilometres/year)

2007: 7.413.000Source: BOVAG

Car owner ship

10

Freight transport in the Netherlands(x million tons)

Source CBP/AVV/NEA

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• Responsibility from central government to (as much as possible)• regional/local authorities decentralisation• private parties more ppp• people road charging

• Optimise the use of existing infrastructure before new building

• Creating climate that stimulates innovation

• International cooperation and active participation

• “Network approach”: integrating all modes of transport & networks, door-to-door approach

• Introduction of road charging before 2012

Strategy

Mode In distance km In single trips

Car (driver) 55 % 32 %

Car (passenger) 20 % 15 %

Train 9 % 2 %

Bus-Tram-Metro 3 % 3 %

Motor 1 % 1 %

Bicycle 7 % 26 %

Walking 2 % 19 %

Other 3 % 2 %

Model split in 2007

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Financial feasibility

Budget of 80,5 Bn€ until 2020

Regional roads, traffic safety, regional public transport, other regional policy25%